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Fundamentos: La Dieta mediterránea (DM) es muy abundante en vitaminas que podrían contribuir al equilibrio en el mantenimiento de la salud cavidad oral. Por ello, es necesario determinar la asociación de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea con las manifestaciones orales autoreportadas en adultos mayores. Métodos: El diseño del estudio realizado fue observacional de tipo analítico y transversal. Se ejecutó mediante una encuesta de forma virtual en adultos mayores durante el año 2022. Se utilizaron instrumentos validados de adherencia de la DM (MEDAS-14) y un autorreporte sobre manifestaciones orales, además se evaluaron diversas covariables. Para las variables cualitativas se obtuvieron frecuencias relativas y absolutas. En el análisis bivariado se utilizó la prueba estadística Chi-cuadrado. Para la asociación de las variables cualitativas y el cálculo de las razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas, se empleó la regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultado: Se halló que el 90,91% de los encuestados que mantenían una adherencia a la DM alta no manifestaban halitosis. Además, se observó que 57,58% que seguían una dieta mediterránea alta no manifestaba dolor dental. Se encontró en el análisis multivariado asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los encuestados que tenían una adherencia a la DM con ciertas manifestaciones orales tales como presencia de caries dental, dolor dental, halitosis, presencia de sangrado y movilidad dental en los análisis crudo y ajustado. Conclusión: La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se relaciona a un mejor estado de salud en una población de adultos mayores. (AU)
Background: The Mediterranean Diet is very abundant in vitamins that could contribute to the balance in the maintenance of oral cavity health. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with self-reported oral manifestations in older adults. Methods: The study design was observational, analytical and cross-sectional. It was carried out through a virtual survey in older adults during the year 2022. Validated instruments of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDAS14) and a self-report on oral manifestations were used, in addition various covariates were evaluated. For the qualitative variables, relative and absolute frequencies were obtained. In the bivariate analysis, the Chi-square statistical test was used. For the association of the qualitative variables and the calculation of the raw and adjusted prevalence ratios, Poisson regression with robust variance was used. Result: It was found that 90.91% of the respondents who maintained a high adherence to the MD did not manifest halitosis. In addition, it was observed that 57.58% who followed a high Mediterranean diet did not manifest dental pain. In the multivariate analysis, a statistically significant association was found between those surveyed who adhered to the MD with certain oral manifestations such as the presence of dental caries, dental pain, halitosis, presence of bleeding, and dental mobility in the crude and adjusted analyzes. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Dieta Mediterránea , Salud Bucal , Halitosis , Higiene Bucal , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estudios Transversales , Modelos TeóricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The implementation of artificial intelligence brings with it a great change in health care, however, there is a discrepancy about the perceptions and attitudes that dental students present towards these new technologies. METHODS: The study design was observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional. A total of 200 dental students who met the inclusion criteria were surveyed online. For the qualitative variables, descriptive statistical measures were obtained, such as absolute and relative frequencies. For the comparison of the main variables with the type of educational institution, sex and level of education, the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used according to the established assumptions with a level of statistical significance of p < 0.05 and a confidence level of 95%. RESULTS: The results indicated that 86% of the students surveyed agreed that artificial intelligence will lead to great advances in dentistry. However, 45% of the participants disagreed that artificial intelligence would replace dentists in the future. In addition, the respondents agreed that the use of artificial intelligence should be part of undergraduate and postgraduate studies with 67% and 72% agreement rates respectively. CONCLUSION: The attitudes and perceptions of the students indicate that 86% agreed that artificial intelligence will lead to great advances in dentistry. This suggests a bright future for the relationship between dentists and artificial intelligence.
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Aim: To determine the effects of e-cigarette use on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in young people in Metropolitan Lima. Materials and Methods: This observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed with 189 individuals (age, 1829 years) who used electronic cigarettes. The OHIP-Sp5 instrument was used to assess OHRQOL. Results: The use of e-cigarettes was higher among male participants (47.79%) than that among the female participants (26.32%). The mean OHRQOL scores of individuals who did and did not use e-cigarettes were 3.17 (2.26) and 3.12 (2.47), respectively These scores for people who did and did not use mouthwash were 2.92 (2.34) and 3.57 (2.43), respectively. Regarding orofacial pain 2.65% participants frequently re-ported "painful discomfort" and 7.41% of the young people presented such discomfort of orofacial aspect "frequently." Conclusions: Recording e-cigarette uses and frequency in patients' medical records is important, as well as incorporating educational strategies to reduce e-cigarette consumption and avoiding harmful effects on general health.
Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud oral del uso de cigarrillos electrónicos en los jóvenes de Lima Metropolitana. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal en un total de 189 jóvenes con edades comprendidas de 18 a 29 años que son usuarios de cigarrillos electrónicos. Para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud oral se utilizó el instrumento "OHIP-Sp5". Resultados: Se determinó que los participantes del sexo masculino (47.79%) son los que más utilizan el cigarrillo electrónico en comparación a las participantes del sexo femenino (26.32%). Se observó una calidad de vida relacionada a la salud oral media de 3,17 (2,26) para los usuarios de cigarrillos electrónicos, mientras que para los no usuarios de cigarrillos electrónicos la media fue de 3,12 (2,47). Asimismo, para los que usan enjuagues bucales se encontró una media de 2.92(2.34), a diferencia de los que no hacían uso del mismo que presentaban peor calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral con una media de 3.57(2.43). En cuanto a dolor orofacial el 2.65% de los participantes referían "molestias dolorosas" a menudo y el 7.41% de los jóvenes presentaban dicho disconfort de la apariencia orofacial "a menudo". Conclusión: El registro del uso y frecuencia del cigarrillo electrónico en la historia clínica de los pacientes es de suma importancia, así como incorporar estrategias educativas para reducir el consumo de los vapeadores y evitar efectos nocivos en la salud general.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Perú/epidemiología , Dolor Facial/etiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Antisépticos BucalesRESUMEN
Viral mimetics is a noteworthy strategy to design efficient delivery systems without the safety drawbacks and engineering difficulties of modifying viral vectors. The triblock polypeptide CSB was previously designed de novo to self-assemble with DNA into nanocomplexes called artificial virus-like particles (AVLPs) due to their similarities to viral particles. Here, we show how we can incorporate new blocks into the CSB polypeptide to enhance its transfection without altering its self-assembly capabilities and the stability and morphology of the AVLPs. The addition of a short peptide (aurein) and/or a large protein (transferrin) to the AVLPs improved their internalization and specific targeting to cells by up to 11 times. Overall, these results show how we can further program the cellular uptake of the AVLPs with a wide range of bioactive blocks. This can pave the way to develop programmable and efficient gene delivery systems.
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Nanopartículas , Transfección , Nanopartículas/química , Técnicas de Transferencia de Gen , Péptidos/química , ADNRESUMEN
Due to its anticonvulsant properties, cannabidiol can be supportive as an adjuvant therapy in the management of drug resistant epilepsy. This retrospective observational study evaluates the intensity and frequency of the seizures of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy that have been treated with antiepileptic medication associated with CBD in low doses for at least 12 months. Thirty-four patients were included in the study. The most frequent diagnosis of epilepsy was focal symptomatic epilepsy and Lennox−Gastaut syndrome (35.2%). During the follow-up, there was a statistically significant decrease in the seizure frequency (t student p < 0.001). A high proportion of patients, 16, concluded the study with a total control of the seizures reaching a 100% improvement, 12 reported ≥ 75% improvement, 3 ≥ 50%, and 2 ≥ 25%; only 1 patient had an improvement of less than 25%. This is the first Latin American study that demonstrates that long-term CBD added to the usual drugs significantly reduces the frequency, duration, and type of seizures in the different etiologies of epilepsy, being especially effective on the seizures that are the most incapacitating, improving the quality of life of the individual and their family.
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Case: We herein present a case involving a 23-year-old man with an open fracture of the distal portion of the left femoral diaphysis, substantial bone loss, and soft tissue injuries. He was initially treated with antibiotics, limb stabilization, and surgical debridement. On the sixth day, he underwent internal fixation and fibular strut graft placement for bone defect restoration. After 4 years, osteosynthesis, perfect graft integration and consolidation, excellent knee functionality, and painless gait were evident. Conclusion: Preservation of bone and soft tissue vitality, complete debridement, antibiotic therapy, and early limb stabilization are all crucial factors for restoring knee functionality.
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Adipocytes are the main cell type in adipose tissue, which is a critical regulator of metabolism, highly specialized in storing energy as fat. Adipocytes differentiate from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) through adipogenesis, a tightly controlled differentiation process involving close interplay between metabolic transitions and sequential programs of gene expression. However, the specific gears driving this interplay remain largely obscure. Additionally, the metabolite nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is becoming increasingly recognized as a regulator of lipid metabolism, and a promising therapeutic target for dyslipidemia and obesity. Here, we explored how NAD+ bioavailability controls adipogenic differentiation from hMSC. We found a previously unappreciated repressive role for NAD+ on adipocyte commitment, while a functional NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 appeared crucial for terminal differentiation of pre-adipocytes. Repressing NAD+ biosynthesis during adipogenesis promoted the adipogenic transcriptional program, while two-photon microscopy and extracellular flux analyses suggest that SIRT1 activity mostly relies on the metabolic switch. Interestingly, SIRT1 controls subcellular compartmentalization of redox metabolism during adipogenesis.
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Adipocitos , Adipogénesis , NAD , Sirtuina 1 , Adipocitos/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Expresión Génica , NAD/metabolismo , Sirtuina 1/genética , Sirtuina 1/metabolismoRESUMEN
el uso constante de material punzocortante e instrumental rotatorio y la flora bacteriana de la cavidad oral del paciente representan un peligro latente de contagio en los estudiantes de odonto-logía. El objetivo del estudio fuedeterminar la asociación entre los conocimientos y las actitudes sobre accidentes ocupacionales en prácticas clínicas de alumnos de odontología de una clínica universitaria de Lima (Perú). Materiales y métodos:estudio observacional, analítico de asociación y transversal. El universo incluyó 156 alumnos. Los conocimientos y las actitudes se evaluaron mediante una encuesta adaptada de 24 preguntas, previa validación interna por juicio de expertos. Se calcularon proporcio-nes para las variables cualitativas y medidas de tendencia central (mediana) para la variable edad. De la misma manera, se usaron la prueba de chi-cuadrado para comparar las variables cualitativas y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para comparar las variables cualitativas con la variable cuantitativa edad. Se aceptó una significancia de 0.05. Resultados: el 78.2 % de los participantes tuvo un conocimiento alto frente al manejo de accidentes ocupacionales; de la misma manera, el 72.4 % manifestó una actitud posi-tiva. No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa (p > 0.05) entre las variables conocimien-tos y actitud. Por otro lado, el 69.1 % de los estudiantes sufrió al menos un accidente ocupacional durante sus prácticas clínicas, en su mayoría causado por el explorador (65.1 %). Conclusiones:no se encontró asociación significativa entre las variables conocimiento y actitud; sin embargo, una gran cantidad de estudiantes sufrieron al menos un accidente ocupacional.
The constant use of sharp materials and rotating instruments and the bacterial flora pres-ent in the oral cavity of patients represent a persistent risk of infection among dental students. This study was designed to determine the association between the level of knowledge and attitude toward postex-posure management of occupational accidents in the clinical practice of dental students at a university clinic in Lima, Peru.Materials and Methods:This was an observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study. The study sample consisted of 156 dentistry students. The students' level of knowledge and atti-tude was evaluated using an adapted survey consisting of 24 questions, after the internal validation by expert judgment. Proportions were calculated for qualitative variables and central tendency measures (median) for the age variable. In the same way, the chi-square test and MannWhitney U test were used to determine variable associations. Significance was set at 0.05.Results: Of the study participants, 78.2% had high knowledge of occupational accident management; moreover, 72.4% demonstrated a positive attitude. No statistically significant association (p > 0.05) was found between the knowledge and attitude variables. Furthermore, 69.1% of the students had at least one occupational accident during their clin-ical practice, prevailing the explorer with 65.1%. Conclusions: No association was found between the knowledge and attitude variables; however, several students had at least one occupational accident.
a rotina de uso constante de material perfurocortante, instrumentos rotativos e a flora bacte-riana contida na cavidade oral do paciente representam um perigo latente de contágio em estudantes de odontologia. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a associação entre o nível de conhecimento e atitudes sobre acidentes de trabalho em práticas clínicas de estudantes de odontologia de uma clínica universi-tária em Lima (Peru). Materiaisemétodos: estudo observacional, analítico de associação e transversal. O universo amostral incluiu 156 estudantes do curso de odontologia. O nível de conhecimento e atitudes foram avaliados por meio de um questionário adaptado de 24 questões, após validação interna por espe-cialistas. Foram calculadas proporções para as variáveis qualitativas, e medidas de tendência central (mediana) para a variável idade. Da mesma forma, foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado para a comparação das variáveis qualitativas e o teste U de Mann-Whitney para a comparação das variáveis qualitativas com a variável quantitativa idade. Foi aceito um nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: 78,2% dos parti-cipantes apresentaram alto conhecimento sobre o gerenciamento de acidentes de trabalho; da mesma forma, 72,4% expressaram uma atitude positiva. Não foi encontrada associação estatisticamente signi-ficativa (p > 0,05) entre as variáveis conhecimento e atitude. Por outro lado, 69,1% dos alunos sofreram pelo menos um acidente de trabalho durante suas práticas clínicas, em sua maioria causado pelo explora-dor, com 65,1%. Conclusões: não foi encontrada associação significativa entre as variáveis conhecimento e atitude, no entanto, grande parte dos estudantes sofreu pelo menos um acidente de trabalho.
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Humanos , Pacientes , Estudiantes de Odontología , Accidentes , Accidentes de Trabajo , Riesgo , Conocimiento , Odontología , MétodosRESUMEN
Resumen Introducción: Diversos estudios han demostrado que los padres aún no cuentan con el conocimiento suficiente sobre el uso de pastas dentales que deben consumir sus hijos. Muchos de ellos desconocen desde que edad se debe empezar con el uso de pastas dentales, la cantidad exacta que se debe colocar en el cepillo y sobre todo con qué frecuencia se deben cepillar. Objetivo: Asociar el nivel de conocimiento de los padres sobre el uso de pastas dentales con las características asociadas a la ingesta estimada de fluoruro en niños entre los 6 meses a 8 años de Lima Metropolitana y Callao. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se realizó el cuestionario a 264 padres de familia residentes en Lima Metropolitana y Callao durante los meses de julio a septiembre del 2020. Se calcularon las frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Para el análisis bivariado, se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado de El nivel de significancia estadística fue de 0.05. Resultados: Se observa que el 52.94% de los padres, así como el 60.41% de las madres presentan un nivel medio de conocimiento sobre el uso de pastas dentales con flúor. Además, se obtuvo que el 56.25% de los padres que afirmaron que sus hijos no se enjuagan con agua después del cepillado presentan un nivel alto de conocimiento sobre el uso de pastas dentales con flúor. Conclusión: Se obtuvo que el 57.58% de los padres tenían un nivel medio de conocimiento sobre el uso de pastas dentales con flúor. Se encontró asociación entre el nivel de conocimiento sobre el uso de pastas dentales con flúor y las características asociadas a la ingesta estimada de fluoruro.
Abstract Introduction: Various studies have shown that parents still do not have sufficient knowledge about the use of toothpastes that their children should consume. Many of them do not know from what age to start using toothpastes, the exact amount to be placed on the brush and especially how often they should be brushed. Aim: To associate the level of knowledge of parents about the use of toothpastes with the characteristics associated with the estimated intake of fluoride in children between 6 months to 8 years of Metropolitan Lima and Callao. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, and crosssectional study. The questionnaire was carried out on 264 parents residing in Metropolitan Lima and Callao during the months of July to September 2020. The absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. For the bivariate analysis, the Chi-square test of the level of statistical significance was used was 0.05. Results: It is observed that 52.94% of the fathers, as well as 60.41% of the mothers present a medium level of knowledge about the use of fluoride toothpastes. In addition, it was found that 56.25% of parents who stated that their children do not rinse with water after brushing have a high level of knowledge about the use of fluoride toothpastes. Conclusion: It was found that the 57.58% of parents had a median level of knowledge about the use of fluoride toothpastes. An association was found between the level of knowledge about the use of fluoride toothpastes and the characteristics associated with the estimated fluoride intake.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Pastas de Dientes/uso terapéutico , Intoxicación por Flúor , Fluorosis Dental , Padres , PerúRESUMEN
Resumen Las técnicas de estimación de edad dental tienen gran importancia en la evaluación odontológica, específicamente en el área de ortodoncia, académica y forense. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la edad dental según los métodos de Demirjian, Nolla y Cameriere con la edad cronológica en una población peruana. El diseño del estudio es de tipo observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal y retrospectivo; tuvo una población total de 578 radiografías panorámicas de sujetos de 6 a 14 años, en las cuales se calculó la diferencia de medias de un estudio previo y, finalmente, fueron seleccionadas 193 de forma aleatoria. Se compararon la edad cronológica (EC) y la edad dental (ED) según los métodos de Nolla, Demirjian y Cameriere, utilizando las Pruebas de Rangos de Wilcoxon y Kruskall Wallis. Las medias de la EC fueron de 8,77±2,34 y 8,90±2,04 años para el género femenino y masculino, respectivamente. Las diferencias de medias de la EC y ED, de acuerdo con los métodos Nolla, Demirjian y Cameriere, fue de -0,38, 0,96 y -0,29 años, respectivamente, para la muestra total de estudio. Se encontró una correlación positiva para los tres métodos estudiados; sin embargo, el método de Demirjian mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa con una subestimación de -0,91 años en la muestra total. Asimismo, el método de Cameriere fue el que tuvo más cercanía a la edad cronológica.
Abstract Dental age estimation techniques have great importance in dental evaluation, specifically in the orthodontic, academic, and forensic areas. The aim of this study was to compare the dental age according to the Demirjian, Nolla and Cameriere methods with the chronological age in a Peruvian population. This is an observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study, which had a total population of 578 panoramic radiographs of subjects aged 6 to 14 years, where the difference in means from a previous study was calculated, and 193 subjects were finally randomly selected. The chronological ages (CA) and dental ages (DA) were compared using the Wilcoxon and Kruskall Wallis Range Tests. The means were 8.77 ± 2.34 and 8.90 ± 2.04 years of the CA for the female and male genders, respectively. The difference in means of the CA and DA according to the Nolla, Demirjian and Cameriere methods were -0.38, 0.96 and -0.21 years, respectively, for the total study sample. A positive correlation was found for the three methods studied; however, the Demirjian method showed a statistically significant difference with an underestimation of -0.91 years in the total sample. Also, the method of Cameriere was the closest to the chronological age.
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BACKGROUND: Tibial plateau fractures are traumatic injuries with severities ranging from nondisplaced to complicated fractures. This study describes the epidemiological characteristics of patients with tibial plateau fractures treated in five trauma clinics. METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 1165 patients with tibial plateau fractures treated between December 2015 and May 2017. Subjects were selected from the medical records of five institutions based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Age, sex, laterality, fracture type, trauma mechanism, vehicle type, classification, and associated injuries were assessed via univariate and bivariate analyses. RESULTS: In total, 23.3% of patients with tibial fractures treated during the study period had tibial plateau fractures. Of those affected, 73% were men and 50% were younger than 40 years. Furthermore, 95.7% of fractures were caused by traffic accidents, 82.6% of which involved motorcycles. Fractures were closed in 93.1% of cases, and 78% of subjects had associated injuries. The most common fractures, according to Schatzker classification, were type VI (23%) and V (19.1%) fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Tibial plateau fractures are frequent injuries in our setting and mostly occur in men in their 30 s and 40 s. These fractures are typically caused by motorcycle traffic accidents. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
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Accidentes de Tránsito/estadística & datos numéricos , Fracturas de la Tibia/clasificación , Fracturas de la Tibia/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Colombia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Lateralidad Funcional , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Fracturas de la Tibia/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Objective: to determine the association between vegan diet and self-perceived periodontal status in a vegan population of Metropolitan Lima, Peru. Materials and methods: a total of 240 people (120 vegans and 120 non-vegans) were surveyed in this study during the months of August to December 2020 in a virtual way. To evaluate self-perception of periodontal status and oral hygiene habits, the self-report of periodontal disease was used, which is validated with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.77. In addition, other variables such as age, sex, socioeconomic level, educational level, and tobacco consumption were registered. A Poisson regression with robust variance estimator was used both for the association of variables, and prevalence ratios were reported in a crude and adjusted model. The confidence level was 95 % and the significance level was p < 0.05. Results and conclusions: a statistically significant association was found between the appearance of reddish and/or swollen gums (PR = 0.67; 95 % CI: 0.25-0.54) and poor perception of the state of the gums (PR = 0.43; 95 % CI: 0.33-0.56) with the vegan diet. Finally, for the gum bleeding dimension during brushing, no statistically significant differences were observed between vegans and non-vegans.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre la dieta vegana y la autopercepción del estado periodontal en una población vegana de Lima Metropolitana, Perú. Materiales y métodos: un total de 240 personas (120 veganas y 120 no veganas) fueron encuestadas en este estudio durante los meses de agosto a diciembre del año 2020 de manera virtual. Para evaluar la autopercepción del estado periodontal y los hábitos de higiene oral se utilizó el autorreporte de enfermedad periodontal, que se encuentra validado con una alfa de Cronbach de 0,77. Además se registraron otras variables como la edad, el sexo, el nivel socioeconómico, el grado de estudio y el consumo de tabaco. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson con estimador robusto de la varianza para la asociación de las variables y se reportaron razones de prevalencia en un modelo crudo y ajustado. El nivel de confianza fue del 95 % y el de significancia fue de p < 0,05. Resultados y conclusiones: se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la apariencia de encías rojizas y/o hinchadas (RP = 0,67; IC 95 %: 0,25-0,54) y la mala percepción del estado de las encías (RP = 0,43; IC 95 %: 0,33-0,56) con la dieta vegana. Por último, para la dimensión del sangrado de encías durante el cepillado no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las personas veganas y las no veganas.
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Dieta Vegana , Veganos , Dieta , Escolaridad , Humanos , AutoimagenRESUMEN
Background: in recent years the prevalence of obesity in infants, children, and adolescents has increased alarmingly, which may affect their health, educational level, and quality of life. Objectives: the aim of this study was to determine whether a program with physical activity and nutritional recommendations may improve health-related quality of life (HRQL) in overweight and obese children. Material and methods: the design of this study was that of a randomized clinical trial (RCT). The sample consisted of 54 children with a median age of 10.65 years, all of them overweight or obese. They were divided into a study (SG) and a control (CG) group, with 27 children each. The study group received physical activity and nutritional advice, while the control group only received theoretical-practical sessions on nutrition during 9 months. Families participated in the workshops on nutritional recommendations in both groups. Results: there was a significant difference in fat percentage before and after the intervention in the study group compared to the children who did not engage in sports activity. In the SF-10 quality-of-life perception questionnaire, statistically significant differences in both the physical and mental components may be seen at the end of the study between both groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: an educational intervention with physical activity based on play and nutritional advice improved quality of life in overweight and obese children. Family involvement is vital for children to improve their life habits, and achieve favorable results in the reduction of overweight and obesity. (AU)
Introducción: en los últimos años, la prevalencia de la obesidad en los bebés, niños y adolescentes ha aumentado de forma alarmante, lo que podría afectar a su salud, nivel educativo y calidad de vida. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si un programa con actividad física y recomendaciones nutricionales puede mejorar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad. Material y métodos: el diseño de este estudio fue el de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado (ECA). La muestra consistió en 54 niños de 10,65 años de edad mediana con sobrepeso u obesidad. Se dividieron en grupos de estudio (SG) y de control (CG), ambos con 27 niños. El grupo de estudio recibió actividad física y asesoramiento nutricional mientras que el grupo de control solo recibió las sesiones de nutrición teórico-prácticas durante 9 meses. Las familias participaron en los talleres sobre recomendaciones nutricionales en ambos grupos. Resultados: hubo una diferencia significativa en el porcentaje de grasa antes y después de la intervención en el grupo de estudio en comparación con los niños que no participaron en la actividad deportiva. En el cuestionario de calidad de vida SF-10 se puede observar que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los componentes físicos y mentales al final del estudio entre ambos grupos (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: una intervención educativa con actividad física basada en el juego y asesoramiento nutricional mejoró la calidad de vida de estos niños obesos y con sobrepeso. La participación familiar es vital para que los niños mejoren sus hábitos de vida y logren resultados favorables en la reducción del sobrepeso y la obesidad. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Obesidad Infantil , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Terapia por Ejercicio/normas , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Sobrepeso , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Terapia por Ejercicio/psicología , Relaciones Familiares/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Background: in recent years the prevalence of obesity in infants, children, and adolescents has increased alarmingly, which may affect their health, educational level, and quality of life. Objectives: the aim of this study was to determine whether a program with physical activity and nutritional recommendations may improve health-related quality of life (HRQL) in overweight and obese children. Material and methods: the design of this study was that of a randomized clinical trial (RCT). The sample consisted of 54 children with a median age of 10.65 years, all of them overweight or obese. They were divided into a study (SG) and a control (CG) group, with 27 children each. The study group received physical activity and nutritional advice, while the control group only received theoretical-practical sessions on nutrition during 9 months. Families participated in the workshops on nutritional recommendations in both groups. Results: there was a significant difference in fat percentage before and after the intervention in the study group compared to the children who did not engage in sports activity. In the SF-10 quality-of-life perception questionnaire, statistically significant differences in both the physical and mental components may be seen at the end of the study between both groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: an educational intervention with physical activity based on play and nutritional advice improved quality of life in overweight and obese children. Family involvement is vital for children to improve their life habits, and achieve favorable results in the reduction of overweight and obesity.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: en los últimos años, la prevalencia de la obesidad en los bebés, niños y adolescentes ha aumentado de forma alarmante, lo que podría afectar a su salud, nivel educativo y calidad de vida. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si un programa con actividad física y recomendaciones nutricionales puede mejorar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad. Material y métodos: el diseño de este estudio fue el de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado (ECA). La muestra consistió en 54 niños de 10,65 años de edad mediana con sobrepeso u obesidad. Se dividieron en grupos de estudio (SG) y de control (CG), ambos con 27 niños. El grupo de estudio recibió actividad física y asesoramiento nutricional mientras que el grupo de control solo recibió las sesiones de nutrición teórico-prácticas durante 9 meses. Las familias participaron en los talleres sobre recomendaciones nutricionales en ambos grupos. Resultados: hubo una diferencia significativa en el porcentaje de grasa antes y después de la intervención en el grupo de estudio en comparación con los niños que no participaron en la actividad deportiva. En el cuestionario de calidad de vida SF-10 se puede observar que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los componentes físicos y mentales al final del estudio entre ambos grupos (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: una intervención educativa con actividad física basada en el juego y asesoramiento nutricional mejoró la calidad de vida de estos niños obesos y con sobrepeso. La participación familiar es vital para que los niños mejoren sus hábitos de vida y logren resultados favorables en la reducción del sobrepeso y la obesidad.
Asunto(s)
Terapia por Ejercicio/normas , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Obesidad Infantil/complicaciones , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Adolescente , Niño , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Terapia por Ejercicio/psicología , Relaciones Familiares/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Sobrepeso/psicología , Sobrepeso/terapia , Obesidad Infantil/psicología , Obesidad Infantil/terapia , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been linked to perinatal adverse outcomes. Studies conducted to date have recommended assessing interactions with other vitamin D-related metabolites to clarify this subject. We aimed to evaluate the association of vitamin D deficiency during early pregnancy with preterm birth. Secondary outcomes included low birth weight and small for gestational age. Additionally, we explored the role that parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus could play in the associations. We conducted a prospective cohort study comprising 289 pregnant women in a hospital in Granada, Spain. Participants were followed-up from weeks 10-12 of gestation to postpartum. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus were measured within the first week after recruitment. Pearson's χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test, binary and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore associations between variables and outcomes. 36.3% of the participants were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL). 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was inversely correlated with parathyroid hormone (ρ = -0.146, p = 0.013). Preterm birth was associated with vitamin D deficiency in the multivariable model, being this association stronger amongst women with parathyroid hormone serum levels above the 80th percentile (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 6.587, 95% CI (2.049, 21.176), p = 0.002). Calcium and phosphorus were not associated with any studied outcome. Combined measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone could be a better estimator of preterm birth than vitamin D in isolation.
Asunto(s)
Calcio/sangre , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Fósforo/sangre , Complicaciones del Embarazo/etiología , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso , Recién Nacido , Modelos Logísticos , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Estado Nutricional , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/sangre , Resultado del Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro/sangre , Nacimiento Prematuro/etiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el efecto del uso de los probióticos en relación a la mastitis, así como conocer la dosis adecuada de los probióticos y la semana ideal de gestación para que surja el efecto deseado. Para ello se ha realizado una revisión sistemática, con una cadena de búsqueda y unos filtros de acuerdo a cada una de las distintas bases. También, se realizó una búsqueda inversa a raíz de los resultados obtenidos. Se han aplicado criterios de inclusión y exclusión en la selección de los artículos. En cuanto a los resultados y según la evidencia actual se puede decir que el uso de probióticos como tratamiento alternativo a la mastitis humana podría resultar eficaz ya que existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la reducción de la carga bacteriana. En lo referente a la dosis y semana ideal de gestación para la administración de probióticos, se ha podido comprobar distintas dosis y semanas que han surtido efecto; pero sin poder concretar cuáles son las más efectivas e ideales
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the use of probiotics in relation to mastitis, as well as to know the adequate dose of probiotic and the ideal week of gestation so that the desired effect appears. For this, a systematic review has been carried out, with a search string and filters according to each of the different bases. Also, an inverse search was performed to the root of the results obtained. Inclusion and exclusion criteria have been applied in the selection of articles. Regarding the results and according to current evidence, it can be said that the use of probiotics as an alternative treatment to human mastitis could be effective since there is a statistically significant difference in the reduction of bacterial load. Regarding the dose and the ideal week of gestation for the administration of probiotics, different doses and weeks have been determined that have taken effect; but without being able to specify problems they are the most effective and ideal
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Mastitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos de la Lactancia/epidemiología , Terapias Complementarias/métodos , Lactancia Materna , 50293 , Antibacterianos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of childhood hypertension (HT) is growing exponentially, influenced by environmental factors such as foods with high salt content, sedentary lifestyles, and poor-quality food. The incidence of HT is about 10.4% in well-nourished children, but when associated with obesity or overweight, this can rise to 38% and 68%, respectively. To assess the influence of physical activity on the blood pressure (BP) of children who are overweight or obese. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was carried out in Granada (Spain), from October 2015 to June 2016. The sample consisted of 98 children, all of whom were overweight or obese. The intervention group (IG) (n = 49) practised physical activity and received nutritional advice, while the control group (n = 49) only received theoretical-practical sessions on nutrition. Body composition was measured, a nutritional assessment was made and BP was determined (in percentiles, to avoid the misclassification of children who are located at the extremes of normal growth). RESULTS: Before the physical activity intervention, 85.7% of the children in the IG (with overweight/obesity) were in the 95th or higher percentile for BP, a situation representative of high BP (HT). However, by the end of the study period, this value had decreased significantly (P = 0.001), to 16.13%. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood obesity is a risk factor for HT. Physical activity, together with nutritional advice, effectively reduces BP in children who are overweight or obese. The use of percentiles, according to age, weight, and height, is an effective means of measuring BP. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: This study is registered at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT02779647).
Asunto(s)
Adiposidad , Presión Sanguínea , Dieta Saludable , Ejercicio Físico , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Obesidad Infantil/terapia , Conducta de Reducción del Riesgo , Factores de Edad , Niño , Humanos , Hipertensión/diagnóstico , Hipertensión/etiología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Obesidad Infantil/complicaciones , Obesidad Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidad Infantil/fisiopatología , España , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the technique and duration of breastfeeding in healthy children and children with Down Syndrome (DS) using the breastfeeding observation form. Materials and methods: An observational study of a prospective cohort was carried out at the Clinical Hospital of Granada during 2015. The Study Group consisted of 40 children with DS and the control group was formed by each new-born with DS and a healthy new-born with the same characteristics of weight and gestational age was selected. The new-borns evaluated shared housing with the mother where the technique was valued during the first 5 days postpartum by a health professional. A bivariable analysis was performed to compare the groups using Student's T test for numerical variables and chi-square for categorical variables. Results: Lactogenesis onset was earlier in the DS group (92.5 % in the first 24 hours vs 20 %; p <0.001). It was observed that 60 % of the healthy children were breastfed for more than three months while in the group of babies with DS this time period was 47.5 %. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that the breastfeeding technique presented at the beginning more difficulties in mothers of children with DS and it has been shown that technical errors influence the onset and duration of breastfeeding in mothers of these children.
RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la técnica y la duración de la lactancia materna (LM) en niños sanos y en niños con síndrome de Down (SD), a través del Formulario de observación del amamantamiento. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional de cohorte prospectivo en el Hospital Clínico de Granada, a finales de 2015. El grupo de estudio estuvo constituido por cuarenta pacientes con SD, y el grupo control se conformó por niños recién nacidos con dicha alteración y, en la misma cantidad, por niños sanos, con las mismas características de peso y edad gestacional. Los recién nacidos evaluados estuvieron en una habitación conjunta con la madre, donde el personal sanitario valoró la técnica durante los primeros cinco días posparto. Se realizó un análisis bivariante para comparar los grupos, utilizando el test t de Student para las variables numéricas, y el chi-cuadrado, para las categóricas. Resultados: la lactogénesis se produjo primero en el grupo sin SD (92,5 % en las primeras 24 horas vs 20 %; p<0,001). Se observó que el 60 % de los niños sanos mantuvieron la LM por más de tres meses, mientras que el grupo de bebés con SD logró en este tiempo el 47,5%. Conclusiones: la LM presentó, al inicio, más dificultades en las madres de niños con SD. Los errores técnicos influyen en el inicio y en el mantenimiento de la LM en las madres de estos niños.
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a técnica e a duração do aleitamento materno em crianças saudáveis e crianças com síndrome de Down (SD), com a utilização do formulário de observação do aleitamento materno. Materiais e métodos: estudo de coorte prospectivo observacional, realizado no Hospital Clínico de Granada, em 2015. O grupo de estudo foi composto por 40 pacientes com SD e o grupo controle formado por recém-nascidos com essa alteração e com crianças saudáveis, considerando as mesmas características de peso e idade gestacional. Os recém-nascidos avaliados estavam em um quarto conjunto com a mãe, onde a técnica foi avaliada durante os primeiros cinco dias pós-parto pela equipe médica. Uma análise bivariada foi realizada para comparar os grupos, utilizando o teste t de Student para as variáveis numéricas e o qui-quadrado para as variáveis categóricas. Resultados: a lactogênese ocorreu primeiramente no grupo sem SD (92,5 % nas primeiras 24 horas vs 20 %; p <0,001). Tornou-se evidente que 60 % das crianças saudáveis mantiveram a amamentação por mais de três meses, enquanto no grupo de bebês com SD, esse tempo foi de 47,5 %. Conclusões: os resultados deste estudo revelam que a técnica de amamentação apresentou no início mais dificuldades em mães de crianças com SD e demonstrou que erros técnicos influenciam o início e a manutenção do aleitamento materno em mães dessas crianças.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Lactante , Lactancia Materna , Síndrome de Down , Niño , Enfermería en Salud Comunitaria , Estudio Observacional , Cuidado del LactanteRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: This work sought to evaluate a physical exercise program of moderate intensity in patients operated of bariatric surgery and its influence on muscle strength. Method: Randomized clinical trial, with an intervention group and a control group. Forty three patients were operated of bariatric surgery. The intervention group was applied a program of moderate physical activity during six months. Grip strength and bioimpedance were measured at their baseline form, at one month, and six months after surgery. A bivariate study was conducted to observe variable changes. Results: Upon conducting Student´s t for independent samples in all the variables (weight, body mass index, grip strength, lean mass, fat mass, and metabolism), the result is that no significant differences exist between the intervention group and the control group with p > 0.05. Conclusion: A program of moderate physical activity lasting six months in patients intervened of bariatric surgery has no significant result in the development of muscle mass evaluated through manual dynamometry and bioimpedance.
RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar un programa de ejercicio físico de intensidad moderada en pacientes operados de cirugía bariátrica y su influencia en la fuerza muscular. Método: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, con un grupo de intervención y un grupo control. Cuarenta y tres pacientes fueron operados de cirugía bariátrica. Al grupo de intervención se le aplicó un programa de actividad física moderada durante seis meses. La fuerza de agarre y la bioimpedancia se midieron en su forma basal, al mes y a los seis meses después de la cirugía. Se realizó un estudio de bivariante para observar los cambios de las variables. Resultados: al realizar la prueba de t de student para muestras independientes en todas las variables (peso, índice de masa corporal, fuerza de agarre, masa magra, masa grasa y metabolismo), el resultado es que no hay diferencias significativas entre el grupo de intervención y el grupo control con p>0,05. Conclusión: un programa de actividad física moderado de seis meses de duración en pacientes intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica no tiene resultados significantes en el desarrollo de la masa muscular evaluada a través de la dinamometría manual y la bioimpedancia.
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar um programa de exercício físico de intensidade moderada em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica e sua influência na força muscular. Materiais e método: ensaio clínico randomizado, com um grupo de intervenção e um grupo controle. Quarenta e três pacientes foram operados de cirurgia bariátrica. Ao grupo de intervenção, foi aplicado um programa de atividade física moderada durante seis meses. A força muscular e a bioimpedância foram medidas em sua forma basal em um mês e aos seis meses depois da cirurgia. Foi realizado um estudo de bivariante para observar as mudanças das variáveis. Resultados: ao realizar o teste t de Student para amostras independentes em todas as variáveis (peso, índice de massa corporal, força muscular, massa magra, massa gordurosa e metabolismo), não se verificam diferenças significativas entre o grupo de intervenção e o grupo controle com p > 0,05. Conclusão: um programa de atividade física moderada de seis meses de duração em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica não apresenta resultados significantes no desenvolvimento da massa muscular avaliada por meio da dinamometria manual e da bioimpedância.