The combination of nutrition education at school and home visits to improve adolescents' nutritional literacy and diet quality in food-insecure households in post-disaster area (De-Nulit study): A study protocol of cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT).

Nutrition education is selected as a method which often used to change eating behaviour, yet, the effectiveness of this method in adolescents who live in household with food insecurity status is rarely investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a combination of nutritional education held at school and home visits for increasing the nutritional literacy and its effect on the quality of adolescent diet, so that the result can be used as a strategy to improve nutritional literacy dan diet quality in those adolescents who live in food-insecure households in post-disaster areas. The De-Nulit Study is a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (CRCT) with an intervention from a combination of nutritional education given at school and home visits conducted for three months for adolescents who live in food-insecure households with ages ranging from 15 to 17 years old. A randomization sampling was carried out at four schools located the nearest locations which were affected heavily by the major natural disasters in 2018. The nutritional education intervention groups in schools were given in eight sessions, whereas home visits with an interview approach for students with a motivational interview approach were carried out four times. The control group will receive leaflets three times a month for three months, and each group will receive a food stamp $ 7.6 per month for three months. The trial research has been recorded in Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) with identification number of TCTR 20220203003 issued on 03 February 2022.

Factors Associated with Diet Quality among Adolescents in a Post-Disaster Area: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia.

The diet quality of adolescents in low-middle-income countries is low. Especially in post-disaster areas, adolescents are not a priority target for handling nutritional cases compared with other vulnerable groups. The aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with diet quality among adolescents in post-disaster areas in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was performed with 375 adolescents aged 15-17 years, representing adolescents living close to the areas most affected by a significant disaster in 2018. The variables obtained include adolescent and household characteristics, nutritional literacy, healthy eating behavior constructs, food intake, nutritional status, physical activity, food security, and diet quality. The diet quality score was low, with only 23% of the total maximum score. Vegetables, fruits, and dairy scored the lowest, whereas animal protein sources scored the highest. Higher eating habits of animal protein sources; being healthy; normal nutritional status of adolescents; higher vegetable and sweet beverage norms of mothers; and lower eating habits of sweet snacks; animal protein sources; and carbohydrate norms of mothers are associated with higher diet quality scores in adolescents (p < 0.05). Improving the quality of adolescent diets in post-disaster areas needs to target adolescent eating behavior and changes in mothers' eating behavior.

Effect of nutrition education and traditional game-based physical activity interventions, on lipid profile improvement in overweight and obese children in West Java Indonesia.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: One ongoing effort to curtail dyslipidemia in school children is through lifestyle intervention. This study analyzes outcomes of the intervention of nutrition education and Javanese traditional game-based physical activity, on lipid profiles of overweight and obese children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The experimental study consisted of three steps: data collection (October to December 2016), intervention processes (January to March 2017), and final report preparation (April to May 2017). This was a split-plot block study, enrolling a total of 72 subjects. Traditional game intervention (12 meetings) and nutrition education (9 meetings) was carried out within 3 months with material related to obesity. RESULTS: Our results showed no decrease in the levels of total cholesterol in the group receiving nutrition education (rise by 1.56 mg/dL), but when compared to subjects without intervention, total cholesterol levels experienced was increased. The group which did not receive physical activity showed increase in the total cholesterol, whereas the traditional game intervention group showed a decrease of 0.05 mg/dL total cholesterol at the end of the intervention. Nutrition education and physical activity interventions did not influence any reduction in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, but rather showed a tendency to increase at the end of the intervention. However, the increase in LDL-c levels in the traditional game group was lower than in other intervention groups. Duncan's test indicated that the effect of nutrition education and physical activity interventions did not differ from the cut-off values of LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the traditional game group tended to decrease at the end of the intervention, but the results did not differ much from other intervention groups. We deduce that nutrition education and traditional game-based physical activity interventions are not capable of improving blood lipid profiles in overweight and obese children within 3 months. It is necessary to increase the time of physical activity intervention to maintain the lipid profile in another study.

Analysis of the Effect of Fish Bars Made of Bilih Fish (Mystacoleuseus padangensis Blkr) Flour to Reduce Oxidative Stress in a Diabetic Rat Model.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Bilih fish bars (BFB) on oxidative stress based on the levels of MDA and SOD in diabetic rat models. This study used a Randomized Complete Design (RCD). Forty white male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were placed into the following five groups: normal and diabetic rats that were fed either the standard feed and metformin, BFB, BFB, and metformin or BFF with a zinc dose of 0.54 mg. A single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in the rats. The intervention lasted for 30 d. The differences in MDA and SOD levels between groups were determined with one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test, and the significance of the statistical level was set at p<0.05. The intervention with BFB and metformin, BFB, and BFF resulted in a decrease in blood glucose levels. The levels of MDA in rats that received the intervention with Bilih fish were 8.236±0.46 µmol/L for the BFB group and 8.266±0.66 µmol/L for the BFF group, which were both lower compared to the control normal rats (8.279±0.51 µmol/L). The levels of SOD in rats that received the intervention with BFB and BFF were higher compared to the diabetic rats with standard feed, but this increase was not significant (p>0.05). BFB and BFF lowered blood sugar levels and decreased the oxidative stress levels based on MDA levels in a diabetic rat model.

Complementary food supplementation with a small-quantity of lipid-based nutrient supplements prevents stunting in 6-12-month-old infants in rural West Madura Island, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Stunting during childhood is a common public health problem in Indonesia. Complementary food supplementation with a small quantity of lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNSs) can promote growth and prevent undernutrition. This study investigated the effects of the daily provision of SQ-LNSs and biscuits on linear growth and reduction in the incidence of stunting among infants in rural Indonesia. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A 6-month, non-randomised, controlled trial was conducted on 168 infants who received 20 g of SQ-LNSs, 3 pieces of biscuits, or no intervention. The outcome was length gain and incidence of stunting (length-age-z score (LAZ) <-2SD) during a 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: After the 6-month intervention, the adjusted length gain and change in the LAZ (8.57 cm and -0.09 z-score unit, respectively) were higher in the SQLNS group than in the control (7.15 cm and -0.87 z-score unit, respectively) and biscuit groups (7.79 cm and -0.46 z-score unit, respectively; p<0.01). The rate of length gain was significantly higher in the SQ-LNS group (1.43 cm/month; 95% CI: 1.12-1.26) than in the biscuit (1.29 cm/month, 95% CI: 1.23-1.36) and control groups (1.19 cm/month, 95% CI: 1.12-1.26; p<0.01). At the end study, the incidence of stunting in SQ-LNS group was lower (1.8%) than in the biscuit group (8.5%) and control group (14.6%). In the SQ-LNS group, the relative risk (RR) of stunting was 0.35 and in the biscuit group (0.94). CONCLUSIONS: SQ-LNSs improved linear growth and reducing the incidence of stunting over 6-months intervention.

High participation in the Posyandu nutrition program improved children nutritional status.

The objective of this research was to analyze nutritional status and food consumption of children participating in the Posyandu nutrition program. A total sample of 300 children under five years had been drawn. Sample was divided into two categories namely high participation and low participation in the Posyandu nutrition program. The sample was selected from two sub districts of Cianjur District, West Java. The districts were areas with a high proportion of poor people and many of them take the benefits of Posyandu nutrition program conducted by the government. The participation of children (under five years old) in visiting Posyandus was relatively good, namely, 92.4% (for the high participation group). However, for the low participation group, the number of participating children was relatively low (28.3%). The average consumption of energy for children under five years old was still below the recommended dietary allowance < 80% of RDA, whereas the protein consumption was already above the RDA. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting among children were respectively 30.0%, 43.7%, and 12.3%. The activities at Posyandus had a positive impact on the nutritional status of children under five years olds, measured in terms of weight for age (W/A) and weight for height (W/H). The more frequent the visit to Posyandus, the better the nutritional statuses would be.