RESUMEN
Animal transcriptomes are dynamic, with each cell type, tissue and organ system expressing an ensemble of transcript isoforms that give rise to substantial diversity. Here we have identified new genes, transcripts and proteins using poly(A)+ RNA sequencing from Drosophila melanogaster in cultured cell lines, dissected organ systems and under environmental perturbations. We found that a small set of mostly neural-specific genes has the potential to encode thousands of transcripts each through extensive alternative promoter usage and RNA splicing. The magnitudes of splicing changes are larger between tissues than between developmental stages, and most sex-specific splicing is gonad-specific. Gonads express hundreds of previously unknown coding and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), some of which are antisense to protein-coding genes and produce short regulatory RNAs. Furthermore, previously identified pervasive intergenic transcription occurs primarily within newly identified introns. The fly transcriptome is substantially more complex than previously recognized, with this complexity arising from combinatorial usage of promoters, splice sites and polyadenylation sites.
Asunto(s)
Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Transcriptoma/genética , Empalme Alternativo/genética , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster/anatomía & histología , Drosophila melanogaster/citología , Femenino , Masculino , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Especificidad de Órganos , Poli A/genética , Poliadenilación , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Caracteres Sexuales , Estrés Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMEN
Physical activity and exercise participation are important considerations in the study and management of acute and long-term care for cancer patients. Although excessive rest and lack of physical activity are related to diminished physical fitness, reduced functional status, impaired cognition, and diminished quality of life, exercise prescription is not a standard treatment support for patients or survivors of cancer. In this retrospective study, it was hypothesized that routine participation in exercise could improve physical fitness for adults recently completing months of cancer treatment. Forty-five cancer patients were able to make considerable fitness gains over an 8-week period. A fitness program coordinated by an exercise physiologist, certified trainers, and an advanced practice cancer nurse was an effective method of organizing referral, monitoring individual patient concerns, and avoiding unnecessary risks.