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1.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 100(2): 87-89, Feb. 2024. tab, ilus, graf
Article Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-230282

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio es describir el perfil neuropsicológico de los pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) y su impacto en las funciones ejecutivas y académicas. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional y retrospectivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 24 sujetos con diagnóstico de TDAH (6-15 años) sin tratamiento farmacológico y 24 controles (7-15 años) sin TDAH. Se realizó una evaluación neuropsicológica completa que abarcase los principales dominios cognitivos, así como la evaluación mediante cuestionarios a padres y profesores del funcionamiento ejecutivo y sintomatología psicopatológica. Resultados: El perfil cognitivo del grupo con TDAH se caracteriza por presentar puntuaciones globales (incluidas funciones ejecutivas y habilidades académicas) dentro del rango de la normalidad (puntuaciones z entre −1 y 1), aunque significativamente menores que las del grupo. Más de la mitad de los sujetos (58%) con TDAH presentan trastornos específicos de aprendizaje de manera comórbida. Por otro lado, los profesores tienden a informar de más dificultades de tipo ejecutivo cuando los sujetos son varones. Conclusiones: En nuestro grupo de estudio los pacientes diagnosticados con TDAH se caracterizan por presentar un rendimiento cognitivo dentro de la normalidad, aunque con menores puntuaciones que los controles. Los cuestionarios de conducta proporcionan información muy valiosa sobre el funcionamiento en entornos fuera de la consulta, pero pueden presentar sesgos al predominar los síntomas externalizantes. La evaluación neuropsicológica es una herramienta útil que puede facilitar el diagnóstico del TDAH y dar una respuesta eficaz a las características y a las necesidades de los pacientes y sus familias.(AU)


Introduction: The aim of the study was to describe the neuropsychological profile of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the impact of the disorder on executive functioning and academic performance. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective observational and analytical study. The sample consisted of 24 children with a diagnosis of ADHD (aged 6-15 years) without pharmacological treatment and 24 controls without ADHD (aged 7-15 years). A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was carried out, encompassing major cognitive domains, in addition to assessment of executive functioning and psychopathological symptoms through the administration of questionnaires to parents and teachers. Results: The cognitive profile of the ADHD group was characterized by overall scores (including executive functions and academic abilities) in the normal range (z scores between −1 and 1), although significantly lower compared to the control group. Over half of the patients with ADHD (58%) had associated specific learning disorders. Furthermore, teachers tended to report executive function difficulties more frequently in male students. Conclusions: In the study sample, the group of patients with ADHD exhibited cognitive performance within the normal range, although with lower scores compared to controls. Behavioural rating scales provide valuable information about functioning outside the clinic, but may yield biased results on account of the focus on externalising symptoms. The neuropsychological evaluation is a useful tool that can facilitate the diagnosis of ADHD and an effective response to the needs and characteristics of patients and families.(AU)


Humans , Male , Female , Child , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Academic Performance , Executive Function , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Cognitive Dysfunction , Pediatrics , Psychiatry , Psychology, Child , Case-Control Studies
2.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 100(2): 87-96, 2024 Feb.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38246835

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to describe the neuropsychological profile of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the impact of the disorder on executive functioning and academic performance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational and analytical study. The sample consisted of 24 children with a diagnosis of ADHD (aged 6-15 years) without pharmacological treatment and 24 controls without ADHD (aged 7-15 years). A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was carried out, encompassing major cognitive domains, in addition to assessment of executive functioning and psychopathological symptoms through the administration of questionnaires to parents and teachers. RESULTS: The cognitive profile of the ADHD group was characterized by overall scores (including executive functions and academic abilities) in the normal range (z scores between -1 and 1), although significantly lower compared to the control group. Over half of the patients with ADHD (58%) had associated specific learning disorders. Furthermore, teachers tended to report executive function difficulties more frequently in male students. CONCLUSIONS: In the study sample, the group of patients with ADHD exhibited cognitive performance within the normal range, although with lower scores compared to controls. Behavioural rating scales provide valuable information about functioning outside the clinic, but may yield biased results on account of the focus on externalising symptoms. The neuropsychological evaluation is a useful tool that can facilitate the diagnosis of ADHD and an effective response to the needs and characteristics of patients and families.


Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Child , Humans , Male , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Executive Function , Neuropsychological Tests , Retrospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent , Female
3.
Rev Neurol ; 60(2): 75-80, 2015 Jan 16.
Article Es | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25583590

AIM: To document reversible cognitive deterioration associated to high doses of zonisamide, using the Reliable Change Index to control practice effects derived from repetitive neuropsychological assessments. CASE REPORT: A 11 year-old boy with tuberous sclerosis complex and left frontal refractory epilepsy, evaluated within a paediatric epilepsy surgery program. The epileptogenic zone was found to be related with a tuber situated on the left inferior frontal gyrus. The effects of high doses of zonisamide simulate a disturbance of eloquent cortex within the epileptogenic zone and the impact of uncontrolled seizures on cognitive functioning over the language-dominant hemisphere. Drug withdrawal significantly improved total intelligence index, verbal comprehension intellectual index and specific language-sustained cognitive abilities, beyond practice effects. CONCLUSIONS: The differentiation between cognitive effects of drugs and functional deficits resulting from eloquent cortex involvement within the epileptogenic zone can be of crucial importance in the decision-making process for epilepsy surgery.


TITLE: Deterioro neuropsicologico reversible asociado a zonisamida en un paciente pediatrico con esclerosis tuberosa.Objetivo. Documentar el deterioro cognitivo reversible asociado a altas dosis de zonisamida, utilizando indices de cambio fiable para controlar los efectos de practica derivados de evaluaciones neuropsicologicas repetidas. Caso clinico. Niño de 11 años con complejo esclerosis tuberosa y epilepsia refractaria del lobulo frontal izquierdo, evaluado en el contexto de un programa de cirugia de la epilepsia pediatrica. La zona epileptogena se relaciono con un tuber epileptogeno localizado en el giro frontal inferior del hemisferio izquierdo. Los efectos de altas dosis de zonisamida mimetizaron una afectacion de la corteza elocuente en la zona epileptogena y un impacto de las crisis no controladas en el funcionamiento cognitivo asociado al hemisferio dominante para el lenguaje. La retirada del farmaco mejoro significativamente, mas alla de los efectos de practica, el cociente intelectual total, el indice intelectual de comprension verbal y habilidades cognitivas especificas sustentadas en el lenguaje. Conclusiones. La diferenciacion entre los efectos cognitivos de los farmacos y la existencia de un deficit funcional por afectacion de la corteza elocuente en el area epileptogena puede ser crucial para la toma de decisiones en cirugia de la epilepsia.


Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Cognition Disorders/chemically induced , Epilepsies, Partial/drug therapy , Isoxazoles/adverse effects , Language Disorders/chemically induced , Learning Disabilities/chemically induced , Tuberous Sclerosis/complications , Acetamides/therapeutic use , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Child , Clobazam , Dibenzazepines/therapeutic use , Drug Substitution , Drug Therapy, Combination , Epilepsies, Partial/etiology , Epilepsies, Partial/physiopathology , Frontal Lobe/physiopathology , Humans , Isoxazoles/therapeutic use , Lacosamide , Male , Memory Disorders/chemically induced , Neuroimaging , Nitriles , Pyridones/therapeutic use , Zonisamide
4.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 60(2): 75-80, 16 ene., 2015. ilus, tab
Article Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-131719

Objetivo. Documentar el deterioro cognitivo reversible asociado a altas dosis de zonisamida, utilizando índices de cambio fiable para controlar los efectos de práctica derivados de evaluaciones neuropsicológicas repetidas. Caso clínico. Niño de 11 años con complejo esclerosis tuberosa y epilepsia refractaria del lóbulo frontal izquierdo, evaluado en el contexto de un programa de cirugía de la epilepsia pediátrica. La zona epileptógena se relacionó con un túber epileptógeno localizado en el giro frontal inferior del hemisferio izquierdo. Los efectos de altas dosis de zonisamida mimetizaron una afectación de la corteza elocuente en la zona epileptógena y un impacto de las crisis no controladas en el funcionamiento cognitivo asociado al hemisferio dominante para el lenguaje. La retirada del fármaco mejoró significativamente, más allá de los efectos de práctica, el cociente intelectual total, el índice intelectual de comprensión verbal y habilidades cognitivas específicas sustentadas en el lenguaje. Conclusiones. La diferenciación entre los efectos cognitivos de los fármacos y la existencia de un déficit funcional por afectación de la corteza elocuente en el área epileptógena puede ser crucial para la toma de decisiones en cirugía de la epilepsia (AU)


Aim. To document reversible cognitive deterioration associated to high doses of zonisamide, using the Reliable Change Index to control practice effects derived from repetitive neuropsychological assessments. Case report. A 11 year-old boy with tuberous sclerosis complex and left frontal refractory epilepsy, evaluated within a paediatric epilepsy surgery program. The epileptogenic zone was found to be related with a tuber situated on the left inferior frontal gyrus. The effects of high doses of zonisamide simulate a disturbance of eloquent cortex within the epileptogenic zone and the impact of uncontrolled seizures on cognitive functioning over the language-dominant hemisphere. Drug withdrawal significantly improved total intelligence index, verbal comprehension intellectual index and specific languagesustained cognitive abilities, beyond practice effects. Conclusions. The differentiation between cognitive effects of drugs and functional deficits resulting from eloquent cortex involvement within the epileptogenic zone can be of crucial importance in the ecision-making process for epilepsy surgery (AU)


Humans , Male , Child , Neuropsychological Tests , Tuberous Sclerosis/complications , Tuberous Sclerosis/diagnosis , Sulfonamides/adverse effects , Sulfonamides/therapeutic use , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Epilepsy/surgery , Electroencephalography/methods , Electroencephalography/trends , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Confidence Intervals , Verbal Learning/physiology , Neuropsychology/methods , Neuropsychology/trends
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