Non-Invasive Fish Biometrics for Enhancing Precision and Understanding of Aquaculture Farming through Statistical Morphology Analysis and Machine Learning.

Aquaculture requires precise non-invasive methods for biomass estimation. This research validates a novel computer vision methodology that uses a signature function-based feature extraction algorithm combining statistical morphological analysis of the size and shape of fish and machine learning to improve the accuracy of biomass estimation in fishponds and is specifically applied to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). These features that are automatically extracted from images are put to the test against previously manually extracted features by comparing the results when applied to three common machine learning methods under two different lighting conditions. The dataset for this analysis encompasses 129 tilapia samples. The results give promising outcomes since the multilayer perceptron model shows robust performance, consistently demonstrating superior accuracy across different features and lighting conditions. The interpretable nature of the model, rooted in the statistical features of the signature function, could provide insights into the morphological and allometric changes at different developmental stages. A comparative analysis against existing literature underscores the competitiveness of the proposed methodology, pointing to advancements in precision, interpretability, and species versatility. This research contributes significantly to the field, accelerating the quest for non-invasive fish biometrics that can be generalized across various aquaculture species in different stages of development. In combination with detection, tracking, and posture recognition, deep learning methodologies such as the one provided in the latest studies could generate a powerful method for real-time fish morphology development, biomass estimation, and welfare monitoring, which are crucial for the effective management of fish farms.

Spatial patterns of prematurity and its determinants in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, 2010-2019.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze spatial distribution of preterm births and their association with maternal, social, and health services indicators in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, 2010-2019. METHODS: Ecological study using data on preterm newborns from 39 municipalities in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Univariate global Moran's index (Im) was used to evaluate spatial association of prematurity, and univariate local Moran's index by using the cluster map (LISA) to identify spatial patterns and clusters. Bivariate global Moran's index was also used to analyze spatial autocorrelation with maternal, social, and health services indicators. RESULTS: A total of 3,103,898 live births were registered in period 2010-2019, of which 331,174 (10.7%) were preterm. The global Moran's index showed spatial independence (Im=0.05; p-value=0.233) of the proportion of preterm births between municipalities. However, in the local spatial analysis it was possible to identify a statistically significant spatial cluster between the municipalities of Biritiba Mirim, Guararema and Salesópolis, with high proportions of preterm births. In the bivariate analysis, a significant positive spatial association was identified with proportions of mothers under 20 years old (Im=0.17; p-value=0.024) and mothers with low schooling (Im=0.17; p-value=0.020), and a significant negative spatial association with HDI (Im=-0.14; p-value=0.039). CONCLUSIONS: The local spatial approach identified a spatial cluster located in the far east of the metropolitan region of São Paulo, where actions by health managers are needed to minimize occurrence of preterm births.

Caracterización clínica-epidemiológica de COVID-19

Las epidemias y las pandemias son eventos de ocurrencia natural. La aparición de una nueva enfermedad infecciosa supone siempre una situación compleja, sobre todo si lo hace como una epidemia de extensión o gravedad significativa, con el objetivo de describir las características clínico-epidemiológicas en pacientes confirmados con COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo sobre las características clínico-epidemiológicas de los 161 pacientes diagnosticados con esta enfermedad, en el municipio Yara, de la provincia Granma durante el período comprendido de junio de 2020-2021. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, lugar de infección, presencia o no de síntomas y signos, antecedentes patológicos personales, área de salud y consejo popular. El 60,8% de los afectados fueron del sexo femenino con 98 pacientes y el grupo de 30-44 años de edad quedó representado por 50 pacientes (31.0%); en 150 casos, la transmisión fue mayormente autóctona (93,1%) y asintomática en 86 casos para el 53,4%. De los pacientes sintomáticos fueron las manifestaciones respiratorias, los principales síntomas con 70 casos para el 93,3%, 63 pacientes tenían antecedentes personales de hipertensión arterial (39,1%). El área de salud que más casos notificó fue "Luis Enrique de la Paz" con 106 pacientes para el 65,8% y Yara el consejo popular más afectado con 72 casos (44,7%), la mayoría de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino, predominó la transmisión autóctona y la presentación asintomática. La epidemia en el municipio Yara se comportó similar al resto del país.

Epidemics and pandemics are naturally occurring events. The emergence of a new infectious disease is always a complex situation, especially when it occurs as an epidemic of significant spread or severity. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical-epidemiologic characteristics of patients confirmed with COVID-19. A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out on the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of 161 patients diagnosed with this disease, in the municipality of Yara, province of Granma. The following variables were studied: age, sex, site of infection, presence or not of symptoms and signs, personal pathological antecedents, health area and locality. Out of the total, 98 patients were female (60.8%), and the age group 30-44 years was represented by 50 patients (31.0%). Transmission was generally autochthonous in 150 cases (93.1%), and asymptomatic in 86 cases (53.4%). Among the symptomatic patients, respiratory manifestations were the main symptom in 70 cases (93.3%). Also, 63 patients had a personal medical history of hypertension (39.1%). Luis Enrique de la Paz was the health area that reported the most cases with 106 patients (65.8%), and Yara was the most affected locality with 72 cases (44.7%). The majority of patients were female; and autochthonous transmission and asymptomatic presentation predominated. The epidemic in Yara municipality behaved alike in the whole country.

Epidemias e pandemias são eventos naturais. O surgimento de uma nova doença infecciosa é sempre uma situação complexa, especialmente se for uma epidemia de extensão ou gravidade significativa, com o objetivo de descrever as características clínico-epidemiológicas em pacientes confirmados com COVID-19. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo sobre as características clínico-epidemiológicas dos 161 pacientes diagnosticados com essa doença, no município de Yara, província de Granma, no período de junho de 2020 a 2021, as variáveis foram estudadas: idade, sexo, local de infecção, presença ou não de sintomas e sinais, história patológica pessoal, área de saúde e conselho popular. O 60,8% dos acometidos eram do sexo feminino com 98 pacientes e a faixa etária de 30 a 44 anos foi representada por 50 pacientes (31,0%); Em 150 casos, a transmissão foi predominantemente autóctone (93,1%) e assintomática em 86 casos para 53,4%, entre os sintomáticos foram manifestações respiratórias, sendo os principais sintomas 70 casos para 93,3%, 63 pacientes tinham história pessoal de hipertensão arterial (39,1%). A área de saúde que mais registrou casos foi "Luis Enrique de la Paz" com 106 pacientes para 65,8% e Yara o município popular mais afetado com 72 casos (44,7%), a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino, de transmissão autóctone e apresentação assintomática. A epidemia no município de Yara se comportou de forma semelhante ao resto do país.

Spatial patterns of prematurity and its determinants in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, 2010-2019 / Padrões espaciais da prematuridade e seus determinantes na região metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil, 2010-2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze spatial distribution of preterm births and their association with maternal, social, and health services indicators in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, 2010-2019. Methods: Ecological study using data on preterm newborns from 39 municipalities in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Univariate global Moran's index (Im) was used to evaluate spatial association of prematurity, and univariate local Moran's index by using the cluster map (LISA) to identify spatial patterns and clusters. Bivariate global Moran's index was also used to analyze spatial autocorrelation with maternal, social, and health services indicators. Results: A total of 3,103,898 live births were registered in period 2010-2019, of which 331,174 (10.7%) were preterm. The global Moran's index showed spatial independence (Im=0.05; p-value=0.233) of the proportion of preterm births between municipalities. However, in the local spatial analysis it was possible to identify a statistically significant spatial cluster between the municipalities of Biritiba Mirim, Guararema and Salesópolis, with high proportions of preterm births. In the bivariate analysis, a significant positive spatial association was identified with proportions of mothers under 20 years old (Im=0.17; p-value=0.024) and mothers with low schooling (Im=0.17; p-value=0.020), and a significant negative spatial association with HDI (Im=-0.14; p-value=0.039). Conclusions: The local spatial approach identified a spatial cluster located in the far east of the metropolitan region of São Paulo, where actions by health managers are needed to minimize occurrence of preterm births.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial dos nascimentos prematuros e sua associação com indicadores maternos, sociais e de serviços de saúde na região metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil, 2010-2019. Métodos: Estudo ecológico utilizando dados sobre recém-nascidos pré-termo dos 39 municípios da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Utilizou-se o índice de Moran (Im) global univariado para avaliar a associação espacial da prematuridade, e o índice de Moran local univariado por meio do mapa de clusters (LISA) para a identificação de padrões e aglomerados espaciais. Também foi utilizado o índice de Moran global bivariado para analisar a autocorrelação espacial com os indicadores maternos, sociais e de serviços de saúde. Resultados: Foram registrados 3.103.898 nascidos vivos no período 2010-2019, dos quais 331.174 (10,7%) foram prematuros. O índice de Moran global mostrou independência espacial (Im=0,05; p-valor=0,233) da proporção dos nascimentos prematuros entre municípios. No entanto, na análise espacial local foi possível identificar aglomerado espacial estatisticamente significativo entre os municípios de Biritiba Mirim, Guararema e Salesópolis, com proporções altas de nascimentos pré-termo. Na análise bivariada, identificou-se associação espacial significativa positiva com proporções de mães menores de 20 anos (Im=0,17; p-valor=0,024) e mães com baixa escolaridade (Im=0,17; p-valor=0,020), e associação espacial significativa negativa com IDH (Im=-0,14; p-valor=0,039). Conclusão: A abordagem espacial local identificou agrupamento espacial situado no extremo leste da região metropolitana de São Paulo, onde ações dos gestores de saúde são necessárias para minimizar a ocorrência de partos prematuros.

Spatial patterns of mortality in low birth weight infants at term and its determinants in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: Low birth weight (LBW) is a public health problem strongly associated with infant mortality. This study aimed to identify the spatial distribution of infant mortality in newborns with LBW (750-2,500 g) at term (≥37 weeks of gestation), due to their being small for gestational age, analyzing its association with mother-related determinants, as well as to identify priority areas of mortality in the State of São Paulo, 2010-2019. METHODS: Infant mortality rate was analyzed in the division of neonatal mortality and postneonatal mortality of newborns with LBW at term. The empirical Bayesian method smoothed the rates, the univariate Moran index was used to measure the degree of spatial association between the municipalities, and the bivariate Moran index was employed to identify the existence of a spatial association between the rates and the selected determinants. Thematic maps of excess risk and local Moran were prepared to identify spatial clusters, adopting 5% as a significance level. RESULTS: The excess risk map showed that more than 30% of the municipalities had rates above the state rate. High-risk clusters were identified in the southwest, southeast, and east regions, mainly among more developed municipalities. The determinants of adolescent mothers, mothers over 34 years of age, low education, human development index, social vulnerability index, gross domestic product, physicians, and pediatric beds showed a significant association with the rates evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Priority areas and significant determinants associated with reduced mortality in newborns with LBW were identified, suggesting the need for intervention measures to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal.

Spatial patterns of mortality in low birth weight infants at term and its determinants in the State of São Paulo, Brazil / Padrões espaciais de mortalidade em recém-nascidos de baixo peso a termo e seus determinantes no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: Low birth weight (LBW) is a public health problem strongly associated with infant mortality. This study aimed to identify the spatial distribution of infant mortality in newborns with LBW (750-2,500 g) at term (≥37 weeks of gestation), due to their being small for gestational age, analyzing its association with mother-related determinants, as well as to identify priority areas of mortality in the State of São Paulo, 2010-2019. Methods: Infant mortality rate was analyzed in the division of neonatal mortality and postneonatal mortality of newborns with LBW at term. The empirical Bayesian method smoothed the rates, the univariate Moran index was used to measure the degree of spatial association between the municipalities, and the bivariate Moran index was employed to identify the existence of a spatial association between the rates and the selected determinants. Thematic maps of excess risk and local Moran were prepared to identify spatial clusters, adopting 5% as a significance level. Results: The excess risk map showed that more than 30% of the municipalities had rates above the state rate. High-risk clusters were identified in the southwest, southeast, and east regions, mainly among more developed municipalities. The determinants of adolescent mothers, mothers over 34 years of age, low education, human development index, social vulnerability index, gross domestic product, physicians, and pediatric beds showed a significant association with the rates evaluated. Conclusions: Priority areas and significant determinants associated with reduced mortality in newborns with LBW were identified, suggesting the need for intervention measures to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal.

RESUMO Objetivo: O baixo peso ao nascer (BPN) é um problema de saúde pública e está fortemente associado à mortalidade infantil. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a distribuição espacial da mortalidade infantil em recém-nascidos com BPN (750-2.500 g) a termo (≥37 semanas de gestação), por serem pequenos para a idade gestacional, analisando sua associação com determinantes relacionados à mãe, bem como identificar áreas prioritárias de mortalidade no Estado de São Paulo, 2010-2019. Métodos: A taxa de mortalidade infantil foi analisada na divisão da mortalidade neonatal e mortalidade pós-neonatal de recém-nascidos com BPN a termo. O método bayesiano empírico alisou as taxas, o índice de Moran univariado foi utilizado para medir o grau de associação espacial entre os municípios e o índice de Moran bivariado foi empregado para identificar a existência de associação espacial entre as taxas e os determinantes selecionados. Mapas temáticos de excesso de risco e Moran local foram elaborados para identificar aglomerados espaciais, adotando-se 5% como nível de significância. Resultados: O mapa de excesso de risco mostrou que mais de 30% dos municípios apresentaram taxas acima da taxa estadual. Aglomerados de alto risco foram identificados nas regiões sudoeste, sudeste e leste, principalmente entre os municípios mais desenvolvidos. Os determinantes mães adolescentes, mães acima de 34 anos, baixa escolaridade, índice de desenvolvimento humano, índice de vulnerabilidade social, produto interno bruto, médicos e leitos pediátricos apresentaram associação significativa com as taxas avaliadas. Conclusões: Foram identificadas áreas prioritárias e determinantes significativos associados à redução da mortalidade em recém-nascidos com BPN, sugerindo a necessidade de medidas de intervenção para atingir o Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável.

Análisis bibliométrico de las publicaciones relacionadas con los investigadores del Municipio Yara. 2009-2019

Introducción: los retos de la contemporaneidad reconocen a la investigación científica, como motor impulsor para el desarrollo económico social de las poblaciones humanas. Objetivo: caracterizar la productividad de los artículos científicos a través de un análisis bibliométricos de las publicaciones relacionadas con los investigadores del Municipio Yara. 2009-2019. Métodos: se tomó como fuente primaria el Registro de publicaciones dentro el período 2009-2019 en materia de investigaciones de artículos científicos. Se analizó un total de 62 artículos publicados que tuvieron relación con la investigación durante esta etapa. Para el análisis, se incluyeron solo los artículos científicos y se excluyeron las editoriales y las reseñas. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: número de publicaciones por año, número de publicaciones por revistas, tipología de artículos de revistas y número de autores. Resultados: se observó una tendencia al incremento de las publicaciones lideradas por los investigadores. Predominó la distribución en el año 2016 y 2019 así como la revista Multimed con un 56.3 %, la tipología de los artículos originales con un 99.4 % y la distribución con más de cinco autores por publicaciones. Conclusiones: predominó de distribución en el año 2016 y 2019, con gran impacto la revista Multimed, la tipología de los artículos originales y la distribución con más de cinco autores por publicaciones.

Introduction: the challenges of the contemporaneidad recognize to the scientific investigation, as impeller motor for the social economic development of the human populations. Objective: to characterize the productivity of the scientific articles through an analysis bibliométrics of the publications related with the investigators of the Municipality Yara. 2009-2019. Methods: The period took like primary source the Record of publications inside 2009-2019 on the subject of investigations of scientific goods. A total of 62 published goods that had to do with the investigation during this stage was examined. For analysis, they included only the scientific goods and they excluded editorials and reviews. They studied the following variables: Number of publications per year, number of publications for magazines, typology of goods of magazines and authors' number. Results: a tendency was observed to the increment of the publications liderations by the investigators. The distribution prevailed in the year 2016 and 2019 as well as the magazine Multimed with 56.3%, the tipology of the original articles with 99.4% and the distribution with more than five authors for publications. Conclusions: it prevailed of distribution in the year 2016 and 2019, with great impact the magazine Multimed, the tipology of the original articles and the distribution with more than five authors for publications.

Introdução: os desafios da contemporaneidade reconhecem a pesquisa científica como força motriz para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico das populações humanas. Objetivo: caracterizar a produtividade de artigos científicos por meio de uma análise bibliométrica de publicações relacionadas a pesquisadores do Município de Yara. 2009-2019. Métodos: o Registro de publicações no período 2009-2019 no campo da pesquisa de artigos científicos foi tomado como fonte primária. Foram analisados 62 artigos publicados relacionados à pesquisa nessa etapa. Para a análise, apenas artigos científicos foram incluídos e editoriais e revisões foram excluídos. Foram estudadas as seguintes variáveis: número de publicações por ano, número de publicações por periódico, tipo de artigos de periódicos e número de autores. Resultados: houve uma tendência de aumento nas publicações lideradas por pesquisadores. A distribuição prevaleceu em 2016 e 2019, assim como a revista Multimed com 56,3%, a tipologia dos artigos originais com 99,4% e a distribuição com mais de cinco autores por publicação. Conclusões: a distribuição predominou em 2016 e 2019, com grande impacto na revista Multimed, na tipologia dos artigos originais e na distribuição com mais de cinco autores por publicação.

An Analytics Environment Architecture for Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems Big Data Solutions.

The architecture design of industrial data analytics system addresses industrial process challenges and the design phase of the industrial Big Data management drivers that consider the novel paradigm in integrating Big Data technologies into industrial cyber-physical systems (iCPS). The goal of this paper is to support the design of analytics Big Data solutions for iCPS for the modeling of data elements, predictive analysis, inference of the key performance indicators, and real-time analytics, through the proposal of an architecture that will support the integration from IIoT environment, communications, and the cloud in the iCPS. An attribute driven design (ADD) approach has been adopted for architectural design gathering requirements from smart production planning, manufacturing process monitoring, and active preventive maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) scenarios. Data management drivers presented consider new Big Data modeling analytics techniques that show data is an invaluable asset in iCPS. An architectural design reference for a Big Data analytics architecture is proposed. The before-mentioned architecture supports the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment, communications, and the cloud in the iCPS context. A fault diagnosis case study illustrates how the reference architecture is applied to meet the functional and quality requirements for Big Data analytics in iCPS.

Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich asociado a absceso de la glándula tiroides. Informe de caso / Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome associated with thyroid gland abscess. Case report

RESUMEN El Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich es una inmunodeficiencia hereditaria poco frecuente, acompañada de trombocitopenia. Así mismo, el absceso de tiroides se presenta raras veces, dados los niveles de iodo, irrigación linfática y lo encapsulado del órgano. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar el caso de un paciente con absceso de la glándula tiroides, que además era portador de Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich. De sexo masculino y 21 años de edad, fue atendido en el Hospital León Cuervo Rubio, de Pinar del Río. Una semana antes había sufrido un ántrax en la espalda, seguido del aumento de volumen del cuello y signos de compresión, aunque sin indicios de sepsis. Durante la intervención quirúrgica se encontró absceso de la glándula tiroides. El tratamiento oportuno del absceso de tiroides evita consecuencias fatales en enfermos inmunodeprimidos, como el paciente presentado.

ABSTRACT Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome is a rare inherited immunodeficiency, accompanied by thrombocytopenia. In addition, thyroid abscess occurs rarely, given the levels of iodine, lymphatic irrigation and the encapsulation of the organ. The objective of this work is to present the case of a patient with an abscess of the thyroid gland, who was also a carrier of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. A 21 years old male was treated at the León Cuervo Rubio Hospital, in Pinar del Río. A week earlier, he had suffered a anthrax on his back, followed by swelling in his neck and signs of compression, but with no signs of sepsis. During the surgical intervention, an abscess of the thyroid gland was found. Timely treatment of thyroid abscess avoids fatal consequences in immunodeficient patients, such as the patient presented.

Movement Disorders After Exposure to Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients With Depressive Disorders.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to explore the frequency of movement disorders (MDs) in depressive patients exposed to antipsychotic drugs (APDs) and to compare it with nonexposed depressive patients and APDs-treated schizophrenic patients. METHODS: Four hundred fifty-two depressive patients not exposed to APDs (group A), 156 depressives exposed to APDs (group B), and 75 patients with schizophrenia on APDs (group C) were recruited. Presence of MDs was explored by the Simpson-Angus and UKU scales (Registration: NCT02409823). RESULTS: Movement disorders were observed in 5%, 9%, and 13% of patients in groups A to C, respectively (P < 0.001, χ for linear trend). A logistic multivariate analysis revealed that male sex (odds ratio = 2.26, 95% confidence interval = 1.13-4.49, P < 0.01), exposure to first-generation (vs second-generation) APDs (odds ratio = 5.71, 95% confidence interval = 2.08-15.66, P < 0.01), and exposure to lithium (odds ratio = 3.99, 95% confidence interval = 1.74-9.14, P < 0.01) were independently and significantly associated with MDs. CONCLUSIONS: Male sex, use first-generation APDs, and exposure to lithium were associated with MDs in depression. Therefore, caution is advised with the use of these drugs in depressive patients. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.

The voltage-sensitive cardiac M2 muscarinic receptor modulates the inward rectification of the G protein-coupled, ACh-gated K+ current.

The acetylcholine (ACh)-gated inwardly rectifying K+ current (IKACh) plays a vital role in cardiac excitability by regulating heart rate variability and vulnerability to atrial arrhythmias. These crucial physiological contributions are determined principally by the inwardly rectifying nature of IKACh. Here, we investigated the relative contribution of two distinct mechanisms of IKACh inward rectification measured in atrial myocytes: a rapid component due to KACh channel block by intracellular Mg2+ and polyamines; and a time- and concentration-dependent mechanism. The time- and ACh concentration-dependent inward rectification component was eliminated when IKACh was activated by GTPγS, a compound that bypasses the muscarinic-2 receptor (M2R) and directly stimulates trimeric G proteins to open KACh channels. Moreover, the time-dependent component of IKACh inward rectification was also eliminated at ACh concentrations that saturate the receptor. These observations indicate that the time- and concentration-dependent rectification mechanism is an intrinsic property of the receptor, M2R; consistent with our previous work demonstrating that voltage-dependent conformational changes in the M2R alter the receptor affinity for ACh. Our analysis of the initial and time-dependent components of IKACh indicate that rapid Mg2+-polyamine block accounts for 60-70% of inward rectification, with M2R voltage sensitivity contributing 30-40% at sub-saturating ACh concentrations. Thus, while both inward rectification mechanisms are extrinsic to the KACh channel, to our knowledge, this is the first description of extrinsic inward rectification of ionic current attributable to an intrinsic voltage-sensitive property of a G protein-coupled receptor.

Intervención sobre las representaciones sociales del envejecimiento para potenciar la salud del adulto mayor / Intervention on social representations of aging to promote the health of the elderly

Introducción: el envejecimiento como fenómeno social es resultado de los avances alcanzados en la ciencia y la tecnología, que contribuyen a prolongar la esperanza de vida, proceso característico de los países desarrollados del cual no escapa Cuba como uno de los más envejecidos de América Latina. Objetivo: elaborar acciones para favorecer las representaciones sociales del envejecimiento en los adultos mayores de la comunidad Latinoamericano. Método: se empleó la metodología cualitativa, se reconocieron las funciones, misiones y objetivos de los implicados en el proceso de integración y su condicionamiento por el contexto en que actúan, así como la relación horizontal que se establece entre los sujetos participantes, elementos que permitió aplicar la investigación - acción participativa. Resultados: se elaboró una intervención que modificó la visión de los sujetos investigados, se realizaron acciones intersectoriales que desde la comunidad promueve una nueva visión: continuidad de la vida y no fin de la vida. Conclusiones: se aplicaron técnicas para la recogida de información que permitieron conocer necesidades sentidas y la creación de un imaginario instituyente como expresión de cambio(AU)

Introduction: aging as a social phenomenon is a result of the advances made in science and technology, which contributes to prolong life expectancy, a characteristic process of developed countries from which Cuba does not escape as one of the oldest in Latin America. Objective: to develop actions to promote social representations of aging in the elderly in the Latin merican community. Method: the qualitative methodology was used, the functions, missions and objectives of those involved in the integration process were acknowledged and their conditioning by the context in which they operate, as well as the horizontal relationship established among the participants, elements that allowed applying participatory research - action. Results: an intervention was elaborated that modified the vision of the investigated subjects, intersectorial actions were carried out that from the community promotes a new vision: continuity of life and not end of life. Conclusions: techniques were applied for the collection of information that allowed knowing felt needs and the creation of an institutional imaginary as an expression of change(EU)

[Genetics and genomics in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): An update]. / Genética y genómica en artritis reumatoide (AR): una actualización.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects approximately 0.5-1% of the general population and leads to chronic synovial inflammation, destruction of cartilage and bone, and disability. The heritability of rheumatoid arthritis has been estimated to be about 60%, while the contribution of HLA to heritability has been estimated to be 11-37%. Other genes, such as PTPN22, STAT4, CTLA4, TRAF1, PADI4, IRF5, FCRL3, TNFIP3, TNF-α, miRNAs, CD28, CD40, TYK2, etc., have been associated with susceptibility, severity, activity, and treatment response of rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this review is to describe the role of gene variants located in immune system genes associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis.

Estrategia de intervención psicológica para modificar estilos de vidas en el adulto mayor. CMF No.40. Yara / Strategy of psychological intervention to modify lifestyles in the elderly. MFO No.40. Yara

Introducción: el ancestral interés de los humanos por vivir el mayor número de años posible, unido al creciente desarrollo de la ciencia y la técnica, sustentan la tendencia actual que considera que importante es vivir más años, es esencial que estos transcurran con la mejor calidad de vida posible. Objetivos: implementar una estrategia de intervención psicológica para modificar el estilo de vida que favorezca el proceso de envejecimiento humano con calidad en el adulto mayor. Método: se realizó un estudio de intervenciónpsicológica en el adulto mayor para modificar el estilo de vida. Se aplicó una guía para medir el estilo de vida y el test psicológico inventario de Beck para medir depresión, para evaluar la efectividad de la estrategia se aplicó la prueba estadística para la diferencias de proporciones con un nivel de significación del 5 por ciento. Resultados: se obtuvo como resultado que inicialmente se diagnosticó en ambos sexos un estilo de vida poco saludable, con predominio de la depresión leve y moderada, al finalizar el estudio se modificó el estado emocional de los pacientes que se ubicaron en estado no depresivo. El trabajo refleja los resultados de la estrategia de intervención, los que validan la idea a defender y demuestran el cumplimiento del objetivo propuesto en el mismo. Conclusiones: la estrategia de intervención aplicada permitió modificar como elementos del estilo de vida hacia una categoría de buena las variables: condición física, hábitos alimentarios, sexualidad, autocuidado, uso del tiempo libre y estado emocional (AU)

Introduction: the ancestral human interest to live as many years as possible, along with the increasing development of science and technology, support the present trend considering that if it is important to live longer, it is also essential that all years elapse with the best quality of life possible. Objectives: to implement a strategy of psychological intervention to modify the lifestyle that favors the human aging process with quality in the elderly. Method: it was performed a study of psychological intervention in the elderly to change the lifestyle. It was applied a guide to measure the lifestyle and the psychological inventory test of Beck to measure the depression; to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy it was applied a statistical test for the difference in proportions with a significance level of 5 percent. Results:it was initially diagnosed an unhealthy lifestyle in both sexes, with a predominantly mild and moderate depression, at the end of the study it was modified the emotional state of patients that were located in non-depressive state. The work reflects the results of the intervention strategy, which validates the idea and demonstrates compliance with the proposed objective. Conclusions: the intervention strategy modified as elements of the lifestyle towards a good category the following variables: fitness, feeding habits, sexuality, self-care, use of leisure time and emotional state(EU)

Incidencia de infecciones urinarias por bacterias coliformes en el municipio de Yara, 2015 / Incidence of urinary infections caused by coliform bacteria in Yara municipality, 2015

Introducción: la infección urinaria es un proceso inflamatorio determinado por la invasión y multiplicación de cualquier microorganismo, desde la uretra hasta el riñón. Objetivo: conocer el diagnóstico microbiológico por urocultivo de la infección urinaria, y determinar las causas por bacterias coliformes en el municipio de Yara. Métodos: estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo, sobre las infeccionesurinarias causadas por bacterias coliformes, así como de la inadecuada indicación en un gran número de muestras analizadas. Resultados: se obtuvo un 24,2 por ciento de positividad; 98,7 por ciento de las muestras fue positiva a gramnegativas con predominio de la E. coli (64,2 por ciento), el antibiótico más sensible fue el ácido nalidíxico (53,3 por ciento) y el grupo más afectado fue el de 25 a 54 años (43,9 por ciento) en féminas (16,8 por ciento). Conclusiones: la cantidad de muestras positivas resultó baja, la Escherichia coli resultó el germen causal más frecuente de infecciones urinarias, el antibiótico con mayor efectividad fue el ácido nalidíxico y de las muestras positivas, el mayor número se obtuvo en pacientes de 25 a 54 años con predominio del sexo femenino(AU)

Introduction: urinary infection is an inflammatory process determined by invasion and spreading of any microorganism from urethra to the kidney. Objective: to know the microbiology diagnosis in urinalysis in urinary infections, so as to determine the main causes of coliform bacteria in Yara municipality. Methods: a descriptive-retrospective study on urinary infections caused by coliform bacteria, so as inadequate indication of a great amount of sample analyzed. Results: it was obtained 24,2 percent of positivity; 98,7 percent of the samples were positive to gram-negative bacteria with prevalence of E. coli (64,2 percent), the more sensible antibiotic was nalidixic acid (53,3 percent), the most affected group was from 25 to 54 años (43,9 percent) in females (16,8 percent). Conclusion:the amount of positive samples was low, E. coli was the bacterium more frequently found in urinary infections, the antibiotic with greater effect was nalidixic acid; from positive samples, the greater amount was in patients from 25 to 54 años in females(EU)

MHC2TA and FCRL3 genes are not associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Mexican patients.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial disease. A combination of genetic and environmental risk factors contributes to its etiology. Several genes have been reported to be associated with susceptibility to the development of RA. The MHC2TA and FCRL3 genes have been associated previously with RA in Swedish and Japanese populations, respectively. In two recent reports, we show an association between FCRL3 and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and MHC2TA and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Mexican population. We assessed the association between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MHC2TA (-168G/A; rs3087456, and +16G/C; rs4774) and FCRL3 (-169T/C; rs7528684) genes and rheumatoid arthritis in Mexican population through a genotyping method using allelic discrimination assays with TaqMan probes. Our case-control study included 249 patients with RA and 314 controls. We found no evidence of an association between the MHC2TA -168G/A and +1614G/C or FCRL3 -169T/C polymorphisms and RA in this Mexican population. In this cohort of Mexican patients with RA, we observed no association between the MHC2TA or FCRL3 genes and this autoimmune disease.

Lactancia Materna. Comportamiento según algunos factores de interés epidemiológico en menores de un año de Yara Norte. 2013-2014 / Breastfeeding. A behavior according to some factors of epidemic interest in children under a year in the North of Yara. 2013-2014

Introducción: la lactancia materna es un acto fisiológico, instintivo, herencia biológica adaptativa de los mamíferos y específica de cada especie. Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento de la lactancia materna según algunas variables de interés epidemiológico en menores de un año del Consejo Popular Yara Norte. Policlínico Luis E. de la Paz de Yara, en el período comprendido entre los años 2013-2014. Método: se realizó una investigación epidemiológica, de tipo descriptiva y retrospectiva. Se aplicó un programa educativo sustentado en la aplicación de un programa de Alfabetización Informacional. Las variables fueron: análisis de la información, alfabetización informacional. Resultados: entre los resultados más relevantes se destacan, que las madres de 25-29 años, trabajadoras y con nivel escolar pre-universitario, fueron las que aportaron mayor número de casos de niños, con lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los 6 meses, predominaron las madres que no tenían leche suficiente como causa más frecuente de abandono precoz de la lactancia materna y se evidenció que el buen funcionamiento familiar favorece la duración de la lactancia materna, pues las familias clasificadas como funcionales y moderadamente funcionales, lograron más del 70 por ciento de los casos con mayor duración de la misma. Conclusiones: se demostró la realización de estudios analíticos para profundizar en los factores que influyen en la duración de la lactancia materna, a partir de las variables evaluadas en el presente estudio y lograr una estrategia educativa dirigida a todas las embarazadas, teniendo como punto de partida, los resultados de esta investigación(AU)

Introduction: breastfeeding is a physiological and instinctive act; an adaptive biological heritage of mammals and specifically of every species. Objective: to evaluate the behavior of breastfeeding according to some variables of epidemiological interest in children less than one year of the Popular Council in the North of Yara. Polyclinic Luis E. de la Paz Yara, in the period of 2013-2014. Method: an epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective investigation was performed. It was applied an educational program supported by the implementation of an information literacy program. The variables were: information analysis, information literacy. Results: within the most important results it can be said that mothers of 25-29 years old, university and pre-school level, contributed with a greatest amount of children with exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months; there was a prevalence of mothers who did not have enough milk and it was the most frequent cause of the interrupted breastfeeding and it was evidenced that a good family functioning favors the duration of breastfeeding, because functional and moderately functional families obtained more than 70 percent of cases with longer duration. Conclusions: it was evidenced the development of analytical studies to delve into the factors that influence in the duration of the exclusive breastfeeding, from the variables evaluated in this study and it was achieved an educational strategy for all pregnant women, taking as a starting point the results of this research(EU)

Intervención educativa para elevar el conocimiento sobre Alfabetización informacional en Residentes de especialidades médicas / Educative intervention to increase the level of knowledge on Information Literacy in the Residents of medical specialties

Introducción: la Alfabetización Informacional se considera un vehículo idóneo para que los ciudadanos adquieran competencias que les faculten para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del programa educativo para elevar el conocimiento y autopercepción sobre competencia informacional de los residentes de especialidades médicas: Medicina General Integral (MGI) y Estomatología General Integral (EGI) del Policlínico Docente Luis E. de la Paz Reina, Yara. Granma. Método: se aplicó un programa educativo sustentado en la aplicación de un programa de Alfabetización Informacional. Las variables fueron: análisis de la información, alfabetización informacional. La muestra estuvo constituida por los 36 Residentes de MGI y EGI de 1er año en el período de noviembre 2014 a marzodel 2015. Resultados: se logró que aumentara el conocimiento de los residentes de especialidades médicas en temáticas fundamentales: búsquedas bibliográficas, necesidades de información, Alfabetización Informacional, entre otras. Conclusiones: se demostró la eficacia del programa educativo para incrementar el conocimiento de los residentes de especialidades médicas al elevar el nivel de conocimientos con una significación estadística de confiabilidad del 95 por ciento, que demostró la utilidad del curso de Alfabetización Informacional en profesionales de la salud(AU)

Introduction: information Literacy is considered an ideal vehicle for citizens to acquire skills that enable them to learn throughout life. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational program in order to increase the knowledge and self-perception about information competence of the interns of medical specialties: General Medicine (GM) and General Dentistry (GD) of the Teaching Polyclinic Luis E. de la Paz Reina inYara. Granma. Method: it was applied an educational program supported by the implementation of an information literacy program. The variables were: information analysis, information literacy. The sample consisted of 36 interns of GM and GD of 1st year in the period of November, 2014 to March of 2015. Results: we obtained an increase on the interns knowledge of medical specialties in fundamental subjects: literature searches, information needs, information literacy, among others. Conclusions: it was proved the effectiveness of the educational program to increase the interns knowledge of medical specialties by increasing the level of knowledge with a statistical significance of reliability of 95 percent, demonstrating the usefulness of Information Literacy course in health professionals(EU)