Impacto pronóstico diferencial del infarto de miocardio comparado con la gravedad de la hemorragia sobre la mortalidad en pacientes contemporáneos con síndrome coronario agudo / Differential prognostic impact on mortality of myocardial infarction compared with bleeding severity in contemporary acute coronary syndrome patients

Introducción y objetivos: El impacto de un infarto de miocardio (IM) sobre la mortalidad, comparado con la gravedad de la hemorragia ocurrida tras el alta por síndrome coronario agudo, no está bien caracterizado. Definir esta relación puede ayudar a que se logre un balance riesgo-beneficio terapéutico favorable. Métodos: Utilizando modelos de Cox con fragilidad compartida, se evaluó la relación de la mortalidad con el IM y la gravedad de la hemorragia -clasificada según el Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC)- en 4.229 pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo tratados con coronariografía entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2015. Resultados: Tanto el IM como la hemorragia se asociaron con la mortalidad (respectivamente HR = 5,8; IC95%, 3,7-9,8, y HR = 5,1; IC95%, 3,6-7,7). El IM tuvo mayor impacto en la mortalidad que las hemorragias BARC 2 y 3a: (RRR = 3,8 y RRR = 1,9; p < 0,05), pero equivalente al de las BARC 3b (RRR = 0,9; p = 0,88). El riesgo de muerte tras el IM fue menor que tras una hemorragia BARC 3c (RRR = 0,25; p < 0,001). La mortalidad tras un IM fue mayor entre los pacientes en tratamiento antiagregante plaquetario doble (TAPD) (HR = 2,9; IC95%, 1,8-4,5) que entre aquellos sin TAPD (HR = 1,5; IC95%, 0,7-3,4). Sin embargo, tras una hemorragia la mortalidad fue menor entre los pacientes en TAPD (HR = 1,6; IC95%, 1,1-2,6) que sin TAPD (HR = 3,2; IC95%, 1,7-5,8). Conclusiones: El efecto en la mortalidad del IM o las hemorragias tras el alta por un síndrome coronario agudo depende de la gravedad de la hemorragia. Estar en TAPD en el momento del IM o la hemorragia es un modificador del ulterior riesgo de muerte

Introduction and objectives: The impact on mortality of myocardial infarction (MI) compared with the specific degree of bleeding severity occurring after discharge in acute coronary syndrome is poorly characterized. Defining this relationship may help to achieve a favorable therapeutic risk-benefit balance. Methods: Using Cox-based shared frailty models, we assessed the relationship between mortality and postdischarge MI and bleeding severity-graded according to Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC)-in 4229 acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing in-hospital coronary arteriography between January 2012 and December 2015. Results: Both MI (HR, 5.8; 95%CI, 3.7-9.8) and bleeding (HR, 5.1; 95%CI, 3.6-7.7) were associated with mortality. Myocardial infarction had a stronger impact on mortality than BARC type 2 and 3a bleedings: (RRr, 3.8 and 1.9; P < .05), respectively, but was equivalent to BARC type 3b (RRr, 0.9; P = .88). Mortality risk after MI was significantly lower than after BARC type 3c bleeding (RRr, 0.25; P < .001). Mortality was higher after an MI in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) at the time of the event (HR, 2.9; 95%CI, 1.8-4.5) than in those off-DAPT (HR, 1.5; 95%CI, 0.7-3.4). In contrast, mortality was lower after a bleeding event in patients on-DAPT (HR, 1.6; 95%CI, 1.1-2.6) than in those off-DAPT (HR, 3.2; 95%CI, 1.7-5.8). Conclusions: The differential effect on mortality of a postdischarge MI vs bleeding largely depends on bleeding severity. The DAPT status at the time of MI or bleeding is a modifier of subsequent mortality risk

Differential Prognostic Impact on Mortality of Myocardial Infarction Compared With Bleeding Severity in Contemporary Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The impact on mortality of myocardial infarction (MI) compared with the specific degree of bleeding severity occurring after discharge in acute coronary syndrome is poorly characterized. Defining this relationship may help to achieve a favorable therapeutic risk-benefit balance. METHODS: Using Cox-based shared frailty models, we assessed the relationship between mortality and postdischarge MI and bleeding severity-graded according to Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC)-in 4229 acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing in-hospital coronary arteriography between January 2012 and December 2015. RESULTS: Both MI (HR, 5.8; 95%CI, 3.7-9.8) and bleeding (HR, 5.1; 95%CI, 3.6-7.7) were associated with mortality. Myocardial infarction had a stronger impact on mortality than BARC type 2 and 3a bleedings: (RRr, 3.8 and 1.9; P < .05), respectively, but was equivalent to BARC type 3b (RRr, 0.9; P = .88). Mortality risk after MI was significantly lower than after BARC type 3c bleeding (RRr, 0.25; P < .001). Mortality was higher after an MI in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) at the time of the event (HR, 2.9; 95%CI, 1.8-4.5) than in those off-DAPT (HR, 1.5; 95%CI, 0.7-3.4). In contrast, mortality was lower after a bleeding event in patients on-DAPT (HR, 1.6; 95%CI, 1.1-2.6) than in those off-DAPT (HR, 3.2; 95%CI, 1.7-5.8). CONCLUSIONS: The differential effect on mortality of a postdischarge MI vs bleeding largely depends on bleeding severity. The DAPT status at the time of MI or bleeding is a modifier of subsequent mortality risk.

Prognostic usefulness of an age-adapted equation for renal function assessment in older patients with acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND:: Renal dysfunction negatively impacts survival in acute coronary syndrome patients. The Berlin Initiative Study creatinine-based (BIScrea) equation has recently been proposed for renal function assessment in older persons. However, up to now it is unknown if the superiority of the new BIScrea equation, with respect to the most recommended chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration creatinine-based (CKD-EPIcrea) formula, would translate into better risk prediction of adverse events in older patients with acute coronary syndrome. OBJECTIVES:: To study the impact of using estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated according to the BIScrea and CKD-EPIcrea equations on mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients aged 70 years and over. METHODS:: Retrospectively, between 2011 and 2016, a total of 2008 patients with acute coronary syndrome (64% men; age 79±7 years) were studied. Follow-up was 18±10 months. Measures of performance were evaluated using continuous data and stratifying patients into three estimated glomerular filtration rate subgroups: ≥60, 59.9-30 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2. RESULTS:: The two formulas afforded independent prognostic information over follow-up. However, risk prediction was most accurate using the BIScrea formula as evaluated by Cox proportional hazards models (hazard ratio (for each 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease) 1.47 vs. 1.27 with the CKD-EPI equation; P<0.001 for comparison), c-statistic values (0.69 vs. 0.65, respectively; P=0.04 for comparison) and Bayesian information criterion. Net reclassification improvement based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate categories significantly favoured BIScrea +9 (95% confidence interval 2-16%; P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS:: Our findings suggest that the BIScrea formula may improve death risk prediction more than the CKD-EPIcrea formula in older patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Assessing the performance of the PRECISE-DAPT and PARIS risk scores for predicting one-year out-of-hospital bleeding in acute coronary syndrome patients.

AIMS: The PRECISE-DAPT and PARIS risk scores (RSs) were recently developed for bleeding risk assessment in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). We aimed to assess the performance of these RSs for predicting out-of-hospital bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Retrospectively, we studied 1,926 consecutive ACS patients treated with PCI and DAPT. The performance of RSs for predicting one-year BARC type 2, 3 or 5 bleeding and BARC type 3 or 5 bleeding was assessed and compared. Both RSs were effective for the prediction of bleeding events. For BARC type 2, 3 or 5 bleeding, the c-statistic values for PRECISE-DAPT and PARIS were 0.61 and 0.63 (p=0.29), respectively. The two scores displayed equal c-statistics of 0.73 for predicting BARC type 3 or 5 bleeding. PARIS significantly outperformed PRECISE-DAPT in terms of indices of categoryless net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination. Decision curve analyses also favoured PARIS. CONCLUSIONS: Within our cohort, PARIS and PRECISE-DAPT were fairly to moderately effective for the prediction of bleeding. Their predictiveness varies according to the bleeding severity. PARIS-derived bleeding risk assessment was associated with a higher net benefit compared to PRECISE-DAPT-based bleeding risk assessment.

Los valores y su influencia en la satisfacción vital de los adolescentes entre los 12 y los 16 años: estudio de algunos correlatos / Values and their influence in vital satisfaction of adolescents between 12 and 16 years old: study of some correlates

En esta investigación profundizamos en algunos aspectos de la calidad de vida entre los jóvenes a partir de factores como la autoestima, la percepción de control, el apoyo social percibido, los valores, etc. Se analizan las correlaciones entre factores que influyen en los valores y la satisfacción vital de los adolescentes entre los 12 y los 16 años. Se realiza un análisis exhaustivo de los datos obtenidos de los chicos y chicas por una parte, y de sus progenitores por otra, y se exploran las relaciones entre los factores y se analizan las concordancias y discrepancias de las respuestas de unos y otros (AU)