New species and new records of Miroculis Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Chacoan Domain in northeastern Brazil.

The genus Miroculis Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) is endemic to South American with 27 described species. In Brazil, 21 of these are known to occur. The present paper describes three new species of Miroculis Edmunds, 1963. Miroculis (Miroculis) botafora sp. nov. is described based on a male imago collected in a transition area between the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes in Piauí State, Brazil. Two species are described based on nymphs and adults: Miroculis (Miroculis) azevedoi sp. nov. and Miroculis (Miroculis) quilombola sp. nov.; both were collected in a Cerrado region of Maranhão State, Brazil. Additionally, new distribution records of Miroculis (Miroculis) fittkaui Savage & Peters, 1983 are provided.

An updated distribution list of Leptophlebiidae Banks, 1900 (Ephemeroptera: Insecta) for Piauí state / Uma lista de distribuição atualizada de Leptophlebiidae Banks, 1900 (Ephemeroptera: Insecta) para o estado do Piauí

Abstract Leptophlebiidae is the second most diverse family within Ephemeroptera, with species distributed across various States in Brazil, but with gaps in distribution records in others. Currently, nine species of Leptophlebiidae are recorded for the state of Piauí. Based on this information gap, the objective of this study was to present an updated species list of the family Leptophlebiidae new occurrence records and distributional sites for the state of Piauí, Brazil. By analyzing 447 specimens, we have significantly expanded our knowledge about the distribution of Leptophlebiidae species in the state of Piauí, increasing the recorded species from nine to 17. We have also added new occurrence records for six species and, for the first time, documented the presence of four genera. It is important to highlight that there is still an extensive area within the Cerrado and Brazilian semiarid regions where the occurrence of Ephemeroptera is unknown, confirming that the diversity in this area is underestimated and that knowledge of Ephemeroptera species and their distributions can expand with increased sampling efforts in the coming years, reducing the Linnean and Wallacean shortfall regarding this group. Our results also demonstrate the urgent need for inventories in the southern part of the state of Piauí, particularly in the sub-basins of the middle and upper Parnaíba river, which are considered suitable for monoculture expansion in Brazil.

Resumo Leptophlebiidae é a segunda família mais diversa de Ephemeroptera, com espécies distribuídas em vários estados do Brasil, mas com lacunas no registro de distribuição em outros. Por exemplo, no estado do Piauí tem registrado apenas nove espécies de Leptophlebiidae. Baseada nessa lacuna de informação, o objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma lista atualizada de espécies da família Leptophlebiidae, novos registros de ocorrência e sítios de distribuição para o estado do Piauí, Brasil. Ao analisar 447 exemplares, ampliamos significativamente nosso conhecimento sobre a distribuição das espécies de Leptophlebiidae no estado do Piauí, aumentando o número de espécies registradas de nove para 17. Também adicionamos novos registros de ocorrência para seis espécies e, pela primeira vez, documentamos a presença de quatro gêneros. Destacamos que ainda existe uma extensa área do Cerrado e semiárido brasileiro que se desconhece a ocorrência de Ephemeroptera, confirmando que a diversidade nessa área é subestimada e que o conhecimento sobre as espécies de Ephemeroptera e suas distribuições podem se expandir com o aumento do esforço amostral nos próximos anos, diminuindo as lacunas Lineana e Wallaceana sobre esse grupo. Nossos resultados também demonstram a necessidade emergencial de inventários no sul do Estado do Piauí, principalmente nas sub-bacias do médio e alto rio Parnaíba que é considerado adequado para a expansão da monocultura no Brasil.

New species and records of Caenidae Newman, 1853 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Northeastern Brazil.

New distributional records for four species and the description of a new species of Caenis Stephens from Parnaba River Basin, in a semiarid region of the state of Piau, Northeastern Brazil are given. Characters and illustrations to distinguish Caenis marataoan sp. nov. from all other species in Caenis are provided. The new species can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: 1) body length of male 1.52.0 mm, female 2.52.8 mm; 2) base of antennal flagellum not dilated; 3) forceps apically rounded, covered with trichomes and with 23 minute spines at apex; 4) styliger plate short with posterior margin convex; 5) penis fused and not laterally projected; 6) eggs oval-shaped; micropyle linear with narrow and long micropylar canal, preceded by an oval sperm guide.

Hagenulopsis Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae): re-description, morphological notes and a new species from South America, Brazil.

Hagenulopsis diptera Ulmer, type species of the genus Hagenulopsis, was originally described based on imagos from Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Misconceptions of H. diptera circumscription led to erroneous attribution of material from Minas Gerais and Esprito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, to H. diptera. Despite the increase in the number of species attributed to Hagenulopsis, little attention has been given to the type species. After comparative examination of photographs of the holotype and fresh material of H. diptera from Southeastern Brazil, we conclude that many specimens previously assigned to H. diptera represent a new species. Thus, we redescribe H. diptera and describe a new species Hagenulopsis perere sp. nov. based on eggs, nymphs and imagos. Diagnostic features of Hagenulopsis perere sp. nov. include cross veins between C and RP1 strongly clouded with brown and outer surface of mid femur with a brown spot at midlength. Finally, comments and new records are presented for Hagenulopsis minuta Spieth.