Effects of the Use of Neuronavigation in Patients with Supratentorial Brain Gliomas: A Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the growing acceptance of neuronavigation in the field of neurosurgery, there is limited comparative research with contradictory results. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness (tumor resection rate and survival) and safety (frequency of neurological complications) of surgery for brain gliomas with or without neuronavigation. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated data obtained from electronic records of patients who underwent surgery for gliomas at Dr. Alejandro Dávila Bolaños Military Hospital and the Clinic Hospital of Barcelona between July 2016 and September 2022. The preoperative and postoperative clinical and radiologic characteristics were analyzed and compared according to the use of neuronavigation. RESULTS: This study included 110 patients, of whom 79 underwent surgery with neuronavigation. Neuronavigation increased gross total resection by 57% in patients in whom it was used; gross total resection was performed in 56% of patients who underwent surgery with neuronavigation as compared with 35.5% in those who underwent surgery without neuronavigation (risk ratio [RR], 1.57; P=0.056). The incidence of postoperative neurologic deficits (transient and permanent) decreased by 79% with the use of neuronavigation, (12% vs. 33.3%; RR, 0.21; P=0.0003). Neuronavigation improved survival in patients with grade IV gliomas (15 months vs. 13.8 months), but it was not statistically significant (odds ratio (OR), 0.19; P=0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Neuronavigation improved the effectiveness (greater gross total resection of tumors) and safety (fewer neurological deficits) of brain glioma surgery. However, neuronavigation does not significantly influence the survival of patients with grade IV gliomas.

Single-Center Complication Analysis Associated with Surgical Replacement of Implantable Pulse Generators in Deep Brain Stimulation.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Internal pulse generator (IPG) replacement is considered a relatively minor surgery but exposes the deep brain stimulation system to the risk of infectious and mechanical adverse events. We retrospectively reviewed complications associated with IPG replacement surgery in our center and reviewed the most relevant publications on the issue. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all the IPG replacements performed in our center from January 2003 until March 2018 was performed. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors associated with IPG infections at our center. RESULTS: A total of 171 IPG replacements in 93 patients were analyzed. The overall rate of replacement complications was 8.8%, whereas the rate of infection was 5.8%. IPG removal was required in 8 out of 10 infected cases. An increased risk of infection was found in patients with subcutaneous thoracic placement of the IPG (OR 5.3, p = 0.016). The most commonly isolated germ was Staphylococcus coagulase negative (60%). We found a non-significant trend towards increased risk of infection in patients with more than 3 replacements (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Infection is the most frequent complication related to IPG replacement. Staphylococcus coagulase negative is the most commonly isolated bacteria causing the infection. According to our results, the subcutaneous thoracic placement represents a greater risk of infection compared to subcutaneous abdominal placement.

Resultados de la estimulación del nervio vago en pacientes con epilepsia farmacorresistente en un centro de referencia nacional de epilepsia / Results of vagal nerve stimulation in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy in a national epilepsy referral centre

Objetivos. Describir los resultados clínicos y complicaciones derivados de la estimulación vagal en pacientes con epilepsia farmacorresistente no tributaria de otras modalidades de tratamiento quirúrgico, desde el primer implante en un centro de referencia nacional. Pacientes y métodos. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de los pacientes implantados en nuestro centro y se extrajeron datos relativos a las características basales de su epilepsia y complicaciones derivadas. Resultados. Se incluyeron 32 nuevos implantes en 31 pacientes, con una edad media de 34 años, evolución de enfermedad de 29,3 años, tres fármacos antiepilépticos prequirúrgicos y 4,03 años de seguimiento. Las crisis parciales complejas (71,9%) y criptogénicas (59,4%) fueron el tipo y la etiología de crisis más frecuentes. El 75% no tenía antecedentes quirúrgicos de epilepsia. Un 43,8% presentó mejoría igual o superior al 50%, mayor en las epilepsias parciales complejas (p = 0,22) y la etiología criptogénica. No se halló asociación estadística entre ajustes de medicación y frecuencia de las crisis. Los efectos secundarios encontrados fueron disfonía, ronquera y disfagia transitorias, y una asistolia intraoperatoria recuperada. Se realizó un recambio por ruptura de hardware postraumática. Un paciente con paresia preexistente de cuerda vocal presentó estridor laríngeo que requirió ajuste de intensidad, y se produjo una retirada del sistema por disfunción. En el 84,4%, la tolerancia fue excelente. Conclusiones. Constituye un tratamiento efectivo para mejorar significativamente la frecuencia de crisis de los pacientes farmacorresistentes y con contraindicación para otras modalidades de tratamiento quirúrgico. Se precisan futuros estudios para predecir la respuesta individual de cada paciente, optimizar las indicaciones y mejorar la relación coste/beneficio (AU)

Aim. To describe clinical results and complications derived from vagal nerve stimulation therapy in drug resistant epileptic patients unsuitable for other surgical treatments, since the first implant in an epilepsy national referral centre. Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis of the patients implanted in our centre was held. Data related to baseline characteristics of their epilepsy and therapy complications was collected. Results. 32 new implants in 31 patients are included, mean age of 34 years, 29.3 years of disease evolution, three antiepileptic drugs at surgery and a postoperative follow-up of 4.03 years. Complex partial seizures types (71.9%) and cryptogenic aetiology (59.4%) were the most frequent. 75% of patients hadn’t history of previous epilepsy surgery. 43.8% of patients had a seizure frequency improvement above 50%, with a better response in patients with complex partial seizures (p = 0.22) and cryptogenic aetiology. None statistical significance was found between antiepileptic drugs and seizure frequency. Dysphonia, hoarseness and dysphagia, mostly transient, were the side effects registered. There was an asystole during surgery, completely recovered. One device was replaced due to hardware rupture after a seizure related trauma, one had to be adjusted due to a previous vocal cord paresis, and one dysfunctioning device was removed. In 84.4% the tolerance was excellent. Conclusions. Vagal nerve stimulation is an effective treatment for significant seizure frequency improvement of resistant patients untreatable with other medical or surgical treatments. Further studies are needed to predict the individual response of each patient to therapy and optimizing indications, therefore contributing to cost/benefit optimization (AU)