Los agentes antibacterianos en el tratamiento y prevención de la enfermedad periodontal / Antibacterial agents in the treatment and prevention of the periodontal disease

This review covers the actual thinking on the use and efectiveness of the various chemotherapeutics agents in controlling the bacterial plaque and the treatment of the periodontal disease. The more used antibacterial agents are: Phenolic related oils (Listerine), whith a bacterial plaque reduction ranged from 20 to 34 por ciento and gingivitis reduction from 28 to 34 por ciento Triclosan 0.3 por ciento and zinc citrate 0.5 por ciento have demostrated a significant reduction in plaque and gingivitis. Clorhexidine gluconate, the most widely used of this class of boad-spectrum antiseptics, has demostrated a plaque reduction of a 50 to 55 por ciento and reduction of gingivitis of about 45 por ciento. Due to the fact that periodontal diseases are bacterial infections, the antibiotics administrated by general or local way are a very good form of treatment

Severe nonspecific X-linked mental retardation caused by a proximally Xp located gene: intragenic heterogeneity or a new form of X-linked mental retardation?

X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) can be subdivided into syndromic and nonsyndromic or nonspecific. Patients with non-syndromal XLMR show no characteristic manifestations, biochemical defects, or distinct fragile sites. Nevertheless, nonspecific XLMR seems to be heterogeneous. To determine the number and location of the genes responsible for XLMR, linkage studies in large pedigrees have to be performed. Here we report the data of linkage analysis in a large Brazilian family with 7 patients affected by a severe form of XLMR, with no other associated malformations. All the obligate carriers are normal. A close linkage without recombination (lod scores 1.95 and 3.25) was found between the disease locus and polymorphic DNA loci DXS255 (Xp11.22), DXS14 (Xp11.21). These results suggest that the gene responsible for the disease in this family maps in the Xp11-cent of the X chromosome. Positive lod scores in this region have also been reported for other XLMR genealogies, but with a much milder phenotype. The possibility of intragenic or locus heterogeneity is discussed.