RESUMEN
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), characterized by intraretinal vessel formation, is a major complication in diabetes. Neovascularization is an important characteristic of DR, but its formation mechanism remains unclear. In this research, Malat1, miR-205-5p, and VEGF-A levels in high glucose (HG) treat-human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) was detected with qRT-PCR. CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, and tube formation assay was applied to access hRMEC viability, migration, and angiogenesis. Expression level of endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) markers (VE-cadherin, FSP1, and α-SMA) was detected by western blotting assay. Interaction among Malat1, miR-205-5p, and VEGF-A was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, in vivo DR mouse model was induced, and the effect of Malat1 on DR and EndMT markers was confirmed through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and western blotting. As a result, Malat1 and VEGF-A was upregulated while miR-205-5p was suppressed under HG conditions. Malat1 could sponge miR-205-5p to regulate VEGF-A expression. Malat1 knockdown inhibited hRMEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation by targeting miR-205-5p under HG conditions. Furthermore, inhibition of Malat1 prevented the HG-induced EndMT process. In summary, Malat1 knockdown diminished hRMEC dysfunctions by regulating miR-205-5p/VEGF-A, providing a useful insight for exploring new therapeutic target for DR.
Asunto(s)
Retinopatía Diabética/prevención & control , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Glucosa/farmacología , MicroARNs/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Neovascularización Retiniana/prevención & control , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Actinas/metabolismo , Animales , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Retinopatía Diabética/genética , Retinopatía Diabética/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Endotelio Vascular/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Neovascularización Retiniana/genética , Neovascularización Retiniana/metabolismo , Vasos Retinianos/citología , Proteína de Unión al Calcio S100A4/metabolismo , Transfección , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is one of the significant medical problems in China. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining is used to detect the status of the infarct size, and real-time PCR and western blotting are used to detect expressions of genes. TUNEL assay has been used to detect apoptosis. Using a tree shrew myocardial IR model, we found that in the reperfusion period, resina draconis (RD) treatment reduced the infarct size by TTC staining, and significantly enhanced the superoxide dismutase expression and down-regulated the malondialdehyde concentration in a dose-dependent manner. In hearts showing IR, Bax was increased and Bcl-2 was reduced, and RD treatment inhibited the IR-induced Bax expression and up-regulated the IR suppressed level of Bcl-2. TUNEL assay showed that IR induced the apoptosis of myocardial cells, and RD treatment suppressed the IR-induced apoptosis. CHOP and GRP78 were also upregulated in IR hearts, and RD treatment could significantly attenuate the CHOP and GRP78 levels compared with IR group. We further found that IR decreased the miR-423-3p expression and upregulated its target gene ERK both in mRNA and protein levels, and RD treatment upregulated miR-423-3p expression and downregulated ERK expression compared with the IR group. Importantly, miR-423-3p mimics inhibited IR increased ERK, CHOP and GRP78 expressions, and enhanced IR decreased Bcl-2 expression, and inhibited the IR-induced apoptosis of myocardial cells. The findings of this study suggest that RD treatment inhibited the endoplasmic reticulum induced apoptosis of myocardial cells via regulating miR-423-3p/ERK signaling pathway in a tree shrew myocardial IR model.
Asunto(s)
Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Dracaena/química , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/tratamiento farmacológico , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Resinas de Plantas/farmacología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/genética , Cardiotónicos/aislamiento & purificación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Retículo Endoplásmico/efectos de los fármacos , Retículo Endoplásmico/genética , Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdehído/antagonistas & inhibidores , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/genética , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/genética , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/patología , Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocardio/patología , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/patología , Resinas de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Superóxido Dismutasa/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción CHOP/genética , Factor de Transcripción CHOP/metabolismo , Tupaiidae , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/genética , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Proteína Letal Asociada a bcl/genética , Proteína Letal Asociada a bcl/metabolismoRESUMEN
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignant tumor. Although the abnormal expression and potential clinical prognostic value of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) were recently discovered in many kinds of cancer, the roles and molecular mechanisms of HDAC1 in NSCLC is still limited. The CCK-8 assay is used to evaluate the viability of NSCLC cells. Downregulation of HDAC1 by shRNA. The TUNEL assay was used to evaluate the role of HDAC1 in NSCLC apoptosis. To evaluate the role of HDAC1 in NSCLC cells migration, the Boyden chamber transwell assay and wound healing assay were used. To evaluate the cells invasion, the matrigel precoated Transwell assay was used. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to detect the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-8 in NSCLC. To investigate the role of HDAC1 in angiogenesis, the tube formation assay was investigated. In this study, we showed that HDAC1 expression was elevated in NSCLC lines compared to that in normal liver cells LO2. Furthermore, downregulation of HDAC1 inhibited cell proliferation, prevented cell migration, decreased cell invasion, reduced tumor angiogenesis and induced cell apoptosis. In summary, HDAC1 may be regarded as a potential indicator for NSCLC patient treatment.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Histona Desacetilasa 1/deficiencia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Supervivencia Celular , Regulación hacia Abajo , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Humanos , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to explore the relationship between ginsenoside Rb1 (Grb1) and high-load heart failure (HF) in rats. METHODS: The parameters of cardiac systolic function (left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (LVID), fraction shortening (FS) and mitral valves (MVs)) of rat hearts in each group were inspected by echocardiogram. The expressions of rat myocardial contractile proteins, autophagy-related proteins and the activation of Rho/ROCK and PI3K/mTOR pathways were detected by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS: LVPWT, FS, MVs and the expression of myocardial contractile proteins α-MHC, apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and signalling pathway involved proteins pAkt and mTOR were significantly reduced in the HF, HF+5 mg/kg Grb1 (HF+Grb1-5) and HF+Grb1+arachidonic acid (AA) groups with LVID, ß-MHC, cell apoptosis, cell autophagy and Rho/ROCK significantly increased compared with the control group, of which the tendency was contrary to the HF+20 mg/kg Grb1 (HF+Grb1-20) group compared with the HF group (P < 0.05). In the HF+Grb1+AA group, there was no significant change in the above indexes compared with the HF group. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that Grb1 can exert anti-HF function by inhibiting cardiomyocyte autophagy of rats through regulation of Rho/ROCK and PI3K/mTOR pathways.
Asunto(s)
Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Ginsenósidos/farmacología , Ginsenósidos/uso terapéutico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Quinasas Asociadas a rho/metabolismo , Animales , Ácido Araquidónico/farmacología , Ácido Araquidónico/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Contráctiles/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Pruebas de Función Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Cadenas Pesadas de Miosina/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , RatasRESUMEN
MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of lung cancer. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression and roles of miR-186 in lung cancer. Ectopic expression experiments demonstrated that miR-186 functions as a tumor suppressor. Bioinformatic predictions, a luciferase reporter assay, and protein expression analysis suggested that miR-186 could inhibit the protein levels of SIRT6, a purported tumor suppressor gene. Collectively, our results indicated that miR-186 could inhibit lung cancer progression through targeting SIRT6 and that miR-186 may be a therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , MicroARNs/administración & dosificación , Sirtuinas/metabolismo , Apoptosis/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , MicroARNs/genética , TransfecciónRESUMEN
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of deaths around the world. Therefore, improving the diagnostic and treatments of NSCLC are urgently needed. The microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and SIRT6 are associated with NSCLC. miR-34a is downregulated in three NSCLC cells lines (A549, H460, and H1299). The functions of SIRT6 in NSCLC are controversial. Some reports have shown that SIRT6 is downregulated in NSCLC cells, while other reports have shown that SIRT6 is upregulated in NSCLC tissues as well as SIRT6 overexpression is associated with the poor prognosis of NSCLC. SIRT6 is a direct target of miR-34a in human keratinocytes (HKCs). However, the relationship between SIRT6 and miR-34a in NSCLC has not been investigated. In this study, we found that the SIRT6 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues while miR-34a was downregulated in NSCLC tissues compared with those in their normal counterparts. Overexpression of miR34a or downregulation of SIRT6 promoted A549 cells apoptosis, cell cycle arrest in vitro and further inhibited the tumor formation in vivo. SIRT6 was indeed the target gene of miR-34a, which was proved by the luciferase reporter data. Therefore, we conclude that SIRT6 was the target gene of miR-34a in NSCLC. miR-34a acted as a cancer suppressor in NSCLC via targeting the SIRT6.
RESUMEN
An efficient and practical method for the synthesis of unsymmetric benzils from readily available ß-ketoaldehydes has been developed. Various unsymmetric 1,2-diaryldiketones bearing functional groups have been obtained in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. A plausible mechanism was proposed, and α,α-dichloroketone was considered as the key intermediate. The generation of α,α-dichloroketones from ß-ketoaldehydes may undergo the following steps: (1) oxidation by sodium hypochlorite, (2) decarboxylation, and (3) chlorination by Cl2 generated from sodium hypochlorite.