BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorder, a prevalent and disabling mental health problem, is often characterized by a chronic disease course. While effective inpatient and aftercare treatment options exist, the transferal of treatment success into everyday life is challenging and many patients remain without further assistance. App-based interventions with human guidance have great potential to support individuals after inpatient treatment, yet evidence on their efficacy remains scarce. OBJECTIVES: To develop an app-based intervention with human guidance and evaluate its usability, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. METHODS: Individuals with alcohol use disorder (DSM-5), aged 18 or higher, without history of schizophrenia, undergoing inpatient alcohol use disorder treatment (N = 356) were recruited in eight medical centres in Bavaria, Germany, between December 2019 and August 2021. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either receive access to treatment as usual plus an app-based intervention with human guidance (intervention group) or access to treatment as usual plus app-based intervention after the active study phase (waitlist control/TAU group). Telephone-based assessments are conducted by diagnostic interviewers three and six weeks as well as three and six months after randomization. The primary outcome is the relapse risk during the six months after randomization assessed via the Timeline Follow-Back Interview. Secondary outcomes include intervention usage, uptake of aftercare treatments, AUD-related psychopathology, general psychopathology, and quality of life. DISCUSSION: This study will provide further insights into the use of app-based interventions with human guidance as maintenance treatment in individuals with AUD. If shown to be efficacious, the intervention may improve AUD treatment by assisting individuals in maintaining inpatient treatment success after returning into their home setting. Due to the ubiquitous use of smartphones, the intervention has the potential to become part of routine AUD care in Germany and countries with similar healthcare systems.
Porous ZnO electrodes on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) were prepared by electrochemical deposition from an O(2)-saturated ZnCl(2) solution in the presence of eosin Y as a structure directing agent (SDA). Sensitization was reached by desorption of the SDA and subsequent adsorption of the indoline dye D149. The influence of film thickness and dye concentration in the films on their photovoltaic characteristics, recombination, and dye regeneration kinetics was investigated. The recombination kinetics was analyzed by time-resolved photovoltage measurements. The dye regeneration by iodide ions in the electrolyte was investigated using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) feedback mode approach curves. Analysis of a SECM kinetic model shows strongly different effective D149 regeneration rate constants k'(ox) for D149-ZnO electrodes of systematically varied film thickness and dye loading. It was found that the short-circuit current density J(sc) and k'(ox) correlated directly with the adsorbed dye concentration. k'(ox) was found to be independent of the dye loading but correlated strongly with the dye concentration in the film or inversely with the film thickness. Furthermore, we discussed the perspective of correlating macroscopic cell characteristics with SECM kinetics data.
Nanoparticles of ATO (antimony doped tin oxide) were used to produce thick conductive, free standing mats of nanofibers via electrospinning. These fibrous mats were incorporated into polymer films to produce a transparent conducting polymer foil. Moreover, the fiber mats can serve as porous electrodes for electrodeposition of Prussian Blue and TiO(2) and were tested in dye-sensitized solar cells.
A strategy is presented to realize textile-based photovoltaic cells motivated by developments of textile-based electronics and their demand of grid-independent energy supply. Beyond this, a development of textile-based photovoltaics also represents an attractive pathway towards very flexible and rugged solar cells. The need for compatibility of an appropriate photovoltaic technology with the physical limitations of textiles is stressed. Electrodeposition from aqueous solutions is presented as a successful strategy to realize semiconductor structures on textiles and detailed control and influence of the deposition conditions is discussed. The role of microelectrode effects, options of forced convection, deposition under pulsed potential, alternative deposition baths and different substrate metals are emphasized. An active electrode material is presented which reaches a conversion efficiency close to the 1% limit under AM 1.5 illumination conditions and thereby opens the door for a further optimization towards devices of technical interest.
Silver-coated polyamide filaments were used as substrates for the electrodeposition of ZnO/eosinY hybrid thin films from aqueous mixed solutions containing Zn(NO(3))(2) and eosinY. Electrodeposition under pulsed potentiostatic control turned out advantageous to control the conditions of mass flow and to suppress parasitic currents and thereby obtain homogeneous porous films of ZnO as proven by scanning electron microscopy. Crystalline films of ZnO were formed as shown by X-ray diffraction. Diffuse optical reflectance spectra revealed the successful processing of the dye content of the porous ZnO coatings on the textile substrates. Photovoltage measurements served to proof sensitization of the textile based ZnO films.
Nylons/chemistry , Silver/chemistry , Electroplating , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Molecular Structure , Porosity , X-Ray Diffraction , Zinc Oxide
