Hydrogel Delivery Device for the In Vitro and In Vivo Sustained Release of Active rhGALNS Enzyme.

Morquio A disease is a genetic disorder resulting in N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) deficiency, and patients are currently treated with enzyme replacement therapy via weekly intravenous enzyme infusions. A means of sustained enzyme delivery could improve patient quality of life by reducing the administration time, frequency of hospital visits, and treatment cost. In this study, we investigated poly(ethylene-glycol) (PEG) hydrogels as a tunable, hydrolytically degradable drug delivery system for the encapsulation and sustained release of recombinant human GALNS (rhGALNS). We evaluated hydrogel formulations that optimized hydrogel gelation and degradation time while retaining rhGALNS activity and sustaining rhGALNS release. We observed the release of active rhGALNS for up to 28 days in vitro from the optimized formulation. rhGALNS activity was preserved in the hydrogel relative to buffer over the release window, and encapsulation was found to have no impact on the rhGALNS structure when measured by intrinsic fluorescence, circular dichroism, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In vivo, we monitored the retention of fluorescently labeled rhGALNS in C57BL/6 albino mice when administered via subcutaneous injection and observed rhGALNS present for up to 20 days when delivered in a hydrogel versus 7 days in the buffer control. These results indicate that PEG hydrogels are suitable for the encapsulation, preservation, and sustained release of recombinant enzymes and may present an alternative method of delivering enzyme replacement therapies that improve patient quality of life.

Stability of proteins encapsulated in Michael-type addition polyethylene glycol hydrogels.

Degradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels are excellent vehicles for sustained drug release due to their biocompatibility, tunable physical properties, and customizable degradation. However, protein therapeutics are unstable under physiological conditions and releasing degraded or inactive therapeutics can induce immunogenic effects. While controlling protein release from PEG hydrogels has been extensively investigated, few studies have detailed protein stability long-term or under stress conditions. Here, lysozyme and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) stability were explored upon encapsulation in PEG hydrogels formed through Michael-type addition. The stability and structure of the two model proteins were monitored by measuring the free energy of unfolding and fluoresce quenching when confined in a hydrogel and compared to PEG solution and buffer. Hydrogels destabilized lysozyme structure at low denaturant concentrations but prevented complete unfolding at high concentrations. ADH was stabilized as the confining mesh size approached the protein radius of gyration. Both proteins retained enzymatic activity within the hydrogels under stress conditions, including denaturant, high temperature, and agitation. Conjugation between lysozyme and PEG-acrylate was identified at long reaction times but no conjugation was observed in the time required for complete gelation. Studies of protein stability in PEG hydrogels, as the one detailed here, can lead to designer technologies for the improved formulation, storage, and delivery of protein therapeutics.