Study of the interaction of the palmatine alkaloid with hybrid G-quadruplex/duplex and i-motif/duplex DNA structures.

There is an increasing interest in the study of guanine or cytosine-rich sequences that may fold into G-quadruplex (G4) or i-motif (iM) structures showing a short hairpin (or stem-loop) stabilized by Watson-Crick base pairs. These hybrid spatial arrangements may be target of ligands that have been shown to interact strongly with B-DNA. In this work, the interaction of the palmatine alkaloid with several sequences forming different G4s, iMs, and hybrid structures has been studied by means of spectroscopic and separation techniques, as well as multivariate data analysis methods. At the experimental conditions used in this work, the results have shown that this ligand strongly stabilizes parallel G4 structures, whereas a weaker interaction was observed with the antiparallel G4 adopted by the thrombin-binding aptamer or iMs. The presence of hairpins within the loops scarcely affects the affinity of this ligand for the hybrid G4/duplex or iM/duplex structures. Fluorescence measurements have provided evidence of a certain interaction with iMs at pH 5.1, despite the absence of thermal stabilization effects.

Marketing para comunicar servicios profesionales farmacéuticos: experiencia en una farmacia comunitaria de l'Alfàs del Pi / Marketing to comunicate pharmaceutical professional services: Experience of a community pharmacy in l'Alfàs del Pi

Objetivos: Iniciar un nuevo servicio remunerado para el control y cribado de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, promocionándolo mediante una novedosa campaña de marketing. Conocer el nivel de riesgo cardiovascular de nuestros usuarios, así como de algunos de sus principales factores modificables asociados. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal en usuarios adultos que solicitaron participar en la campaña. Esta se denominó "First Date: una cita con tu corazón" (haciendo alusión todos sus materiales al conocido programa televisivo) y se ofreció a los pacientes un Menú Especial a 12€ compuesto por un Entrante (Perímetro abdominal, IMC, PA y Toma de pulso), Plato Principal (Colesterol total y Edad Vascular) y Postre (nivel RCV). Resultados: Realizamos 34 menús: edad media 57,8 años y 53% de mujeres. Encontramos valores por encima de los límites normales, en (% de la población total): perímetro abdominal (50%), IMC (18% sobrepeso y 5% obesidad), colesterol total (70,6%), VOP (23,5%) y PAS (14,7% PAS). Respecto a la PAD se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos sexos: 70.0 ± 2.0 mmHg en mujeres y 83.1 ± 3.2 mmHg en hombres (**p=0.0012 t test). También se encontraron diferencias entre sexos en el hábito tabáquico (el 75% de los fumadores eran hombres) y de consumo de alcohol (el 72,7% de consumidores habituales eran hombres). El 29,4% de la población tenían RCV medio y el 20,6% elevado. Encontramos pulso irregular sin diagnóstico previo en el 11,8% de pacientes (2 hombres y 2 mujeres). Se realizaron 4 derivaciones al médico, 7 derivaciones para control de PA en la farmacia, 26 recomendaciones sobre dieta y ejercicio, 6 recomendaciones sobre tabaco y 3 intervenciones en adherencia. Conclusiones: Ayudados por la campaña de marketing, se consiguió comunicar e iniciar adecuadamente nuestro servicio profesional (remunerado) de cribado y control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Los valores encontrados en nuestra población tienen un margen de mejora elevado, sobre todo en cuanto a los niveles de PAD, colesterol total, perímetro abdominal y nivel de RCV

Objectives: Start a new paid service for the control and screening of cardiovascular risk factors, promoting it through a innovative marketing campaign. And know the level of cardiovascular risk of our users, as well as some of its main modifiable factors associated. Material and methods: Cross-sectional observational study, in adult users who requested to participate in the campaign. It was called "First Date: an appointment with your heart" (referring all its materials to the well-known television program) and patients were offered a 12€ Special Menu composed by a Starter (Abdominal perimeter, BMI, BP and pulse collection), Main Course (Total colesterol and Vascular Age) and Dessert (CV risk). Results: We made 34 menus: average age 57.8 years and 53% of them women. We found values above the normal limits, without significant differences between sexes in (% of the total population): abdominal perimeter (50%), BMI (18% overweight and 5% obesity), total cholesterol (70.6%), PWV (23.5%) and PAS (14.7% SBP). Regarding the DBP, significant differences were found between both sexes: 70.0 ± 2.0 mmHg in women and 83.1 ± 3.2 mmHg in men ( p = 0.0012 t test). Sex differences in smoking habits (75% of smokers were men) and alcohol consumption (72.7% of habitual users were men) were found. 29.4% of the population had mean CV risk and 20.6% elevated. We found an irregular pulse without previous diagnosis in 11.8% of patients (2 men and 2 women). There were 4 referrals to the doctor, 7 referrals for control of BP in the pharmacy, 26 recommendations about diet and exercise, 6 recommendations about tobacco and 3 interventions on adherence. Conclusions: Aided by the marketing campaign, we were able to communicate and properly initiate our Professional Service (paid) for Screening and Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors. The values found in our population have a high margin of improvement, especially in terms of the levels of DBP, total cholesterol, abdominal perimeter and CV risk levels