Leptin/Ghrelin Axis and Antibodies Reactive to Both Hormones in Relation to Metabolic Syndrome Components in Mexican Children.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children is a rising health issue that is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus development. Low-affinity antibodies reactive to leptin and ghrelin are suggested to regulate hormone stability and function; nevertheless, the role of the leptin/ghrelin axis and antibodies reactive to both hormones in relation to MetS or its components in the pediatric population remains unknown. Methods: Fifty-eight children (7-12 years) were included and categorized according to the presence of one or more criteria for the diagnosis of MetS or according to body mass index. Body composition, biochemical variables, and metabolic risk indexes were determined. Antibodies reactive to leptin and ghrelin were quantified by an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Ratios of leptin/ghrelin hormones and anti-leptin/anti-ghrelin immune complexes were obtained. Results: The biochemical variables glucose (P = 0.0009), insulin (P = 0.0001), leptin (P = 0.0036), HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance) (P < 0.0001), and plasma atherogenic index (P < 0.0001) were significantly higher in children with two or three components of MetS (MetS 2-3) in comparison to children with none or one component (MetS 0-1). Ratios of leptin/ghrelin (P = 0.0307) and anti-leptin/anti-ghrelin immune complexes (P = 0.0338) were higher in MetS 2-3 group versus MetS 0-1 group. In MetS 2-3 group, both insulin (r = 0.4361, P = 0.0293) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.4761, P = 0.0161) were positively correlated with the leptin/ghrelin hormone ratio. Conclusions: The higher leptin/ghrelin hormone ratio scores observed in MetS 2-3 group, along with their correlation with insulin levels and HOMA-IR, highlight the role of leptin and ghrelin on insulin sensitivity and metabolic regulation. An increased ratio of anti-leptin/anti-ghrelin immune complexes suggests affinity changes in these antibodies that may lead to alterations in hormone function.

Calidad percibida en adultos mayores sobre el proceso de vacunación contra la Covid-19 en Jalisco, México / Perceived quality in older adults about the vaccination process against covid-19 in Jalisco, Mexico

El adulto mayor (AM) percibe la calidad a partir de las acciones ejecutadas al momento de brindarle algún servicio de salud. El propósito fue identificar la calidad percibida por los adultos mayores durante el proceso para la aplicación de la vacuna contra la COVID-19. El estudio fue cuantitativo-descriptivo, transversal, N=14,508 AM, n=494, muestreo aleatorio, se utilizó estadística descriptiva; prueba U de Mann-Whitney y Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, fijando el valor de significancia de p=≤0.05. El estudio contempló los principios de Helsinki. La muestra se compuso de 494 AM. (58.5%) fueron mujeres y (41.5%) eran hombres. La edad mínima fue de 60 años y la máxima de 93 años. La primera causa de enfermedad que dijo padecer el AM fue la enfermedad hipertensiva (35.6%), a través de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, se estableció que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el sexo y enfermedad, sig. 0.293 (p= ≤0.05). 0.05), la percepción del AM sobre el trato recibido por parte del personal de enfermería, durante la aplicación de la vacuna lo describieron como bueno 312 (63.2%), sig.=0.002 (p= ≤0.05). Los AM manifiestan que el personal de enfermería brindó información sobre el proceso para la aplicación de la vacuna y refieren estar totalmente satisfechos 399 (92.4%), sig.=0.001 (p= ≤0.05). Los resultados son novedosos, ya que evidencian el reconocimiento de la calidad de las intervenciones que las enfermeras realizan al proporcionar el cuidado, y permiten identificar que los AM tuvieron buena percepción de calidad durante el proceso de vacunación y total satisfacción con el trato recibido por enfermería. (AU)

The older adult perceives the quality from the actions carried out at the time of providing a health service. The purpose was to identify the quality perceived by older adults during the process for the application of the COVID-19 vaccine, the study was quantitative descriptive, cross-sectional, N=14,508 AM, n=494, random sampling, descriptive statistics were used; Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson’s Chi-square, fixing the significance value of p=≤0.05. The Helsinki principles were applied. The sample consisted of 494 older adult (58.5%) were women and (41.5%) were men. The minimum age was 60 years, and the maximum was 93 years. The first cause of disease reported to suffer from participants was hypertensive disease (35.6%), through Pearson’s Chi-square, it was established that there are no statistically significant differences between sex and disease, sig. 0.293 (p= ≤0.05). 0.05), the perception of the participants about the treatment received by the nursing staff, during the application of the vaccine was described as good by 312 (63.2%), sig.=0.002 (p= ≤0.05).The older adult state that the nursing staff provided information on the process for the application of the vaccine and reported being totally satisfied 399 (92.4%), sig.=0.001 (p= ≤0.05). The results are novel since they show the recognition of the quality of the interventions that nurses carry out when providing care and allow to identify that the older adult had a good perception of quality during the vaccination process and total satisfaction with the treatment received by nursing. (AU)

Efecto del ayuno sobre la conducta alimentaria en estudiantes universitarios / Fasting effect on eating behavior in university students

La evidencia científica sobre la caracterización de la conducta alimentaria señala que situaciones de privación de alimento, como el ayuno, aumentan el valor del alimento y modifican el patrón alimentario. En consecuencia se incrementa el consumo de alimentos y por ende el consumo calórico. La situación se agrava cuando los alimentos preferidos después del periodo de privación son poco saludables o se consumen en exceso convirtiéndose en detonadores de problemas de salud (Capaldi, 1993; Gottschalk, Libby & Graff, 2000; Vélez & Garcia, 2003). Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto del ayuno sobre el consumo calórico y la modificación de las preferencias alimentarias, se diseñó un estudio en el cual participaron nueve jóvenes universitarios que fueron clasificados de acuerdo a su Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) en tres grupos: Bajo-peso, Normo-peso y Sobre-peso. Fueron expuestos durante la línea base a ocho alimentos diferentes. Durante la fase experimental se expuso a los mismos participantes a un periodo de ayuno y posteriormente a los mismos alimentos registrando su consumo. Los resultados mostraron que el consumo calórico y la preferencia entre alimentos se modificaron. El grupo Bajo-peso aumentó su consumo de alimento mientras que en los grupos Normo-peso y Sobre-peso lo disminuyeron.

Scientific evidence on the characterization of eating behavior indicates that food deprivation situations, such as fasting, the food value increases and alter the feeding pattern. Consequently food consumption increases and therefore caloric intake. The situation worsens when after a deprivation period the preferred foods are unhealthy or consumed in excess becoming tiggers for health problems (Capaldi, 1993; Gottschalk , Libby & Graff , 2000; Velez & Garcia , 2003). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fasting on caloric intake and changing food preferences. This study was conducted with the participation of 9 university students who were classified according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) into three groups: Low-weight, Normo-weight and Over-weight. At the baseline participants were exposed to eight different foods. Same participants during the experimental phase were exposed to a period of fasting, subsequently were exposed to the same foods and record their consumption. Results showed that caloric intake and food preferences were altered after the fasting condition, differential effects among participants were observed. Low-weight group increased their food consumption while Normal-weight and Over-weight groups decreased.