Laringocele mixto manifestado como una tumoración cervical / Mixed laryngocele evidenced as a lump in the neck

El laringocele es una dilatación llena de aire del sáculo del ventrículo laríngeo originado por un aumento anormal del tamaño del sáculo. La mayoría son asintomáticos y unilaterales, resultando ser hallazgos casuales descubiertos en exploraciones realizadas por otra causa. En la última década ha adquirido una mayor importancia debido: al incremento de su diagnóstico por el uso de TAC, y su asociación con el cáncer de laringe; obligando a descartar una patología tumoral subyacente ante todo laringocele. A pesar de ser una patología laríngea infrecuente y benigna, puede llegar a ser potencialmente letal por el distress ocasionado.

A laryngocele is an air-filled dilatation of the saccule of the laryngeal ventricle originated by an abnormal increase in size of the saccule. Most of them are asymptomatic and unilateral incidental findings found in explorations performed for other reasons. It has become fairly relevant in the lastdecade due to the increased diagnosis by the use of CT scan and its relationship with laryngeal cáncer (well recognised by most authors). This has made it necessary to exclude an underlying neoplasic cause for any laryngocele. In spite of being an infrequent and benign disease it can be potentially lethal due to the associated disturbances.

Neurinoma del acústico manifestado como una parálisis facial / Acoustic neurinoma shown as a facial palsy

El neurinoma del acústico es el tumor benigno más frecuente a nivel del ángulo pontocerebeloso (ACP), que provoca lesiones de tipo compresivo en las estructuras cerebrales adyacentes a su recorrido, manifestándose habitualmente por una hipoacusia neurosensorial, acúfenos con o sin vértigo unilaterales, por lo que debe conocerse la amplia variedad clínica con que se presenta desde su inicio, entre ellas como una parálisis facial. Presentamos el caso de un schwannoma vestibular en una embarazada diagnosticado por una parálisis facial periférica

Acoustic neurinoma is the most frequent benign tumour at the cerebellopontile angle. It causes compressive type lesions in adjacent cerebral structures. Its usual symptoms are sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus with or without unilateral vertigo, which is why we have to know the wide variety of clinical signs it can present from its beginning, including facial palsy. We present the case of a vestibular schwannoma in a pregnant lady diagnosed by a peripheral facial palsy

[Acoustic neurinoma shown as a facial palsy]. / Neurinoma del acústico manifestado como una parálisis facial.

Acoustic neurinoma is the most frequent benign tumour at the cerebellopontile angle. It causes compressive type lesions in adjacent cerebral structures. Its usual symptoms are sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus with or without unilateral vertigo, which is why we have to know the wide variety of clinical signs it can present from its beginning, including facial palsy. We present the case of a vestibular schwannoma in a pregnant lady diagnosed by a peripheral facial palsy.

[Retropharingeal abscess in paediatrics]. / Absceso retrofaringeo en pediatría.

Retropharingeal abscess is a potentially lethal but infrequent infection of the retropharyngeal space, thanks to the use of antibiotics. Caused by a suppurative lymphadenitis secondary to a locoregional infection of the head and neck, it is the most frequent abscess in Paediatric age. It must be present in our differential diagnosis when facing a torpid development of head and neck infectious processes accompanied by adenitis. A cervical lateral X-Ray should be done without delay and in case of doubt, a CAT--scan is mandatory. We protocolise its diagnosis and treatment in order to avoid its serious complications.

[Hemilingual abscess]. / Absceso de hemilengua.

Lingual abscess is an extremely rare entity since the discovery of antibiotics, which, despite of its seriousness, it is usually a cause of death. We describe the case of a right hemilingual abscess, diagnosed by MRI scan because of its poor symptoms. This case is unique because of it affects the hemilingual central part and free edge. We discuss the most relevant aspects of this pathology.

Absceso retrofaríngeo en pediatría / Retropharingeal abscess in paediatrics

El absceso retrofaríngeo es una infección del espacio retrofaríngeo, potencialmente letal e infrecuente actualmente, gracias al uso de antibióticos. Suele estar causado por una linfadenitis supurativa secundaria a una infección locorregional de cabeza y cuello. Es el absceso más frecuente en la edad pediátrica, debiendo estar presente en nuestro diagnóstico ante una evolución tórpida de un proceso infeccioso de cabeza y cuello que cursa con adenitis. Debe realizarse sin demora una radiografía lateral cervical, y si existen dudas un TAC. Sistematizamos su diagnóstico y tratamiento para evitar sus graves complicaciones

Retropharingeal abscess is a potentially lethal but infrequent infection of the retropharyngeal space, thanks to the use of antibiotics. Caused by a suppurative lymphadenitis secondary to a locoregional infection of the head and neck, it is the most frequent abscess in Paediatric age. It must be present in out differential diagnosis when facing a torpid development of head and neck infectious processes accompanied by adenitis. A cervical lateral X-Ray should be done without delay and in case of doubt, a CAT -scan is mandatory. We protocolise its diagnosis and treatment in order to avoid its serious complications

Absceso de hemilengua / Hemilingual abscess

El absceso lingual es una entidad extremadamente rara desde el descubrimiento de los antibioticos, que a pesar de su gravedad, no suele provocar la muerte. Describimos el caso de un absceso en borde libre de hemilengua derecha, diagnosticado por una RNM debido a que se presentó con una clínica anodina, constituyendo el único caso en la literatura que afecta a la parte central y borde libre de la hemilengua. Discutimos los aspectos más relevantes del mismo

Lingual abscess is an extremely rare entity since the discovery of antibiotics, which, despite of its seriousness, it is usually a cause of death. We describe the case of a right hemilingual abscess, diagnosed by MRI scan because of its poor symptoms. This case is unique because of it affects the hemilingual central part and free edge. We discuss the most relevant aspects of this pathology

[Languaje and hearing in Prader-Willi syndrome]. / Lenguaje y audición en el sindrome de Prader-Willi.

Prader-Willi syndrome was described for the first time in 1956. Due to its lack of biological markers its diagnosis is a clinical one, taking into consideration that it varies with age. It is characterised by neonatal hypotonia, obesity, mild mental retardation or learning incapacity, behavioural problems, mainly towards food. Most aspects studied have been centred in medical and genetic aspects, whereas those related to hearing and language have been somewhat limited. We carry out a revision of those aspects.

[Complications of the adeno-tonsillectomy]. / Complicaciones de la adenoamigdalectomía.

Adeno-tonsillectomy is the most frequent surgical intervention of de the head and neck in paediatrics in the industrialised countries and one of the most common operations in Mayor Day Case Surgery; although is not void of risks which can be fatal. Complications can be surgical or anaesthetics in nature, one of the most serious complications being postoperative bleed. Among risk factors we can highlight: age younger then three, female gender, duration of surgery, incomplete haemostasis, coagulophaties. These could be related to delayed oral intake. Postoperative bleed could not related to technique or haemostasis applied. We carry out a revision of this subject.

[Recruitment in presbycusis]. / Recruitment en la presbiacusia.

Presbycusis is characterised by a sensorineural hearing loss, mainly in high frequencies, symmetrical and progressive and poor understanding. Recuritment, typical in cochlear hearing loss, would be present in cases of sensorial presbycusis which runs mainly in cochlear pathologies. We analyse variables and their possible interrelations with recruitment in 241 presbycusic patients.

Lenguaje y audición en el Síndrome de Prader-Willi / Languaje and hearing in Prader-Willi syndrome

El síndrome de Prader-Willi (SPW) fue descrito por primera vez en 1956. La inexistencia de marcadores biológicos nos lleva a que su diagnóstico sea clínico, teniendo en cuenta que varía con la edad. Se caracteriza por hipotonía neonatal, obesidad, ligero retraso mental o incapacidad para aprender y trastornos en el comportamiento, sobre todo hacia la comida. La mayoría de los aspectos estudiados se han centrado en aspectos médicos y genéticos, estando muy limitados los referentes a la audición y al lenguaje. Realizamos una revisión de los mismos

Prader Willi syndrome was described for the first time in 1956. Due to its lack biological markers its diagnosis is s clinical one, taking into consideration that it varíes with age. It is characterised by neonatal hypotonia, obesity, mild mental retardation or learning incapacity, behavioural problems, mainly towards food. Most aspects studied have been centred in medical and genetic aspects, where as those related to hearing and language have been somewhat limited. We carry out a revision of those aspects

Recruitment en la presbiacusia / Recruitment in presbycusis

La presbiacusia se caracteriza por una hipoacusia neurosensorial, sobre todo de los agudos, simétrica y progresiva, y una mala inteligibilidad. El recruitment, típico de las hipoacusias cocleares estaría presente en los casos de presbiacusia sensorial que cursan primariamente con cocleopatía. Analizamos en 241 pacientes presbiacúsicos varias variables y las posibles interrelaciones con el recruitment

Presbycusis is characterised by a sensori neural hearing loss mainly in high frequencies, symmetrical and progressive and poor understanding. Recuritment, typical in cochlear hearing loss, would be present in cases of sensorial presbycusis which runs mainly in cochlear pathologies. We analyse variables and their possible interrelations with recruitment in 241 presbycusic patients

Complicaciones de la adenoamigdalectomía / Complications of the adeno-tonsillectomy

La adenoamigdalectomía constituye la intervención de cabeza y cuello más frecuente en la infancia en los países desarrollados, y uno de los procesos más habituales en la CMA. No está exenta de riesgos, pudiendo llegar a ser fatales. Las complicaciones pueden ser quirúrgicas y anestésicas, siendo la hemorragia posquirúrgica la complicación más grave. Entre los factores de riesgo destacan: edad menor de 3 años, sexo femenino, duración de la intervención, hemostasias incompletas, coagulopatías, pudiendo estar relacionada con el retraso de la ingesta oral, pero no con la técnica-hemostasia utilizada. Realizamos a continuación una revisión de dichas complicaciones

Adeno-tonsillectomy is the most frequent surgical intervention of de the head and neck in paediatrics in the industrialised countries and one of the most common operations in Mayor Day Case Surgery; although is not void of risks which can be fatal. Complications can be surgical or anaesthetics in nature, one of the most serious complications being postoperative bleed. Among risk factors we can highlight: age younger then three, female gender, duration of surgery, incomplete haemostasis, coagulophaties. These could be related to delayed oral intake. Postoperative bleed could not related to technique or haemostasis applied. We carry out a revision of this subject

[Epithelioid amelanotic melanoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses]. / Melanoma epitelioide amelanótico de fosas y senos paranasales.

Mucous melanomas are rare, representing 1-3% of melanomata and 3% of malignant nasosinusal tumors. The more usual location is the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In early stages occur with a poor and unespecific features, which delays the diagnosis and worsen the prognosis. An amelanotic melanoma case is reported and bibliographic review of these tumors are made.