Pre-surgical cryoablation in ≤ 2 cm ER + /HER2-tumors. Prognostic factors for the presence of residual invasive carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is the standard approach for small low-risk tumors. If the efficacy of cryoablation is demonstrated, it could provide a minimally invasive alternative to surgery. PURPOSE: To determine the success of ultrasound-guided cryoablation in achieving the absence of Residual Invasive Cancer (RIC) for patients with ER + /HER2- tumors ≤ 2cm and sonographically negative axillary nodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out from April 2021 to June 2023, and involved 60 preoperative cryoablation procedures on ultrasound-visible, node-negative (cN0) infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC). Standard diagnostic imaging included mammography and tomosynthesis, supplemented by ultrasound-guided biopsy. MRI was performed in patients with associated intraductal carcinoma (DCIS) and an invasive component on core needle biopsy (18 out of 22 cases). All tumors were tagged with ferromagnetic seeds. A triple-phase protocol (freezing-thawing-freezing) with Argon was used, with an average procedure duration of 40 min. A logistic regression model was applied to determine significant correlation between RIC and the study variables. RESULTS: Fifty-nine women (mean age 63 ± 8 years) with sixty low-risk unifocal IDC underwent cryoablation prior to surgery. Pathological examination of lumpectomy specimens post-cryoablation revealed RIC in only one of 38 patients with pure IDC and in 4 of 22 mixed IDC/DCIS cases. All treated tumors had clear surgical margins, with no significant procedural complications. CONCLUSIONS: Cryoablation was effective in eradicating 97% of pure infiltrating ER + /HER2-tumors ≤ 2cm, demonstrating its potential as a surgical alternative in selected patients.

Survival in pregnancy-associated breast cancer patients compared to non-pregnant controls.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is a rare entity whose prognosis has previously been studied and is subject to controversy. METHODS: Survival of patients with PABC diagnosed between 2009 and 2021 with breast cancer during pregnancy or until 1 year after childbirth was compared with non-pregnant patients with breast cancer from the same period at La Paz University Hospital. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival between the groups, adjusting for grade and pathologic stage. RESULTS: Among the 89 included patients with breast cancer, 34 were diagnosed during pregnancy, and 55 were not pregnant. The pregnant patients were more likely to have grade 3 tumors (61.3% vs 37%, p = 0.023) and an advanced stage (pathologic stage III-IV: 44.1% vs 17.6%, p = 0.008). Median follow-up was 47 months for the pregnant group and 46 months for the control group. After adjustments for tumor grade and pathologic stage, OS was comparable between the groups (HR 2.03; 95% CI 0.61 to 6.79; P = 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of women diagnosed with PABC is comparable to young non-pregnant controls. However, it should be taken into account that PABC has a more aggressive phenotype.

Breast-Conserving Surgery Guided with Magnetic Seeds vs. Wires: A Single-Institution Experience.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to describe our initial experience using magnetic seeds (Magseed®) to guide breast-conserving surgery in non-palpable breast lesions and compare the use of magnetic seed with wires to guide breast-conserving surgery in terms of clinical and pathological characteristics. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study including all breast-conserving surgeries for non-palpable breast lesions under 16 mm from June 2018 to May 2021. We compared breast-conserving surgeries guided with magnetic seeds (Magseed®) to those guided with wires, analyzing tumor and patient characteristics, surgical time, and pathological results of the surgical specimens. RESULTS: Data from 225 cases were collected, including 149 cases guided by magnetic seeds and 76 cases guided by wires. The breast lesion was localized in every case. Both cohorts were similar regarding clinical and pathological characteristics. We found significant statistical differences (p < 0.02) in terms of the median volume (cm3) of the excised specimen, which was lower (29.3%) in the magnetic seed group compared with the wire group (32.5 [20.5-60.0]/46.0 [20.3-118.7]). We did not find significant differences regarding surgical time (min) or the affected or close margins. CONCLUSION: In our experience, the use of magnetic seed (Magseed®) is a feasible option to guide breast-conserving surgery of non-palpable lesions and enabled us to resect less breast tissue.

Impacto de la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la atención a pacientes oncológicos en un hospital terciario / The impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on oncological patients in a tertiary hospital

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha puesto en una situación de sobrecarga al sistema sanitario español y, como consecuencia, la atención al paciente oncológico se ha visto afectada. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un análisis descriptivo de la atención al paciente oncológico y del funcionamiento de los Comités de Tumores en el Hospital Universitario la Paz durante la primera ola de la pandemia. Material y métodos: Análisis descriptivo basado en los resultados obtenidos a través de una encuesta realizada a los 18 comités de tumores del adulto y a los tres comités de tumores infantiles del Hospital Universitario La Paz. El estudio se completó con la información obtenida a partir de los servicios implicados en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes oncológicos. Resultados: Durante la primera ola se disminuyó significativamente la realización de técnicas diagnósticas. Se suspendió la cirugía de la mayoría de tumores en el hospital durante varias semanas, retrasándose o derivándose a otro centro. Se mantuvieron los tratamientos sistémicos y radioterápicos asociados a un mayor beneficio, incrementándose la frecuencia de la administración preoperatoria. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los tumores infantiles no sufrió alteraciones. El funcionamiento de los comités de tumores se vio afectado, y cada uno de ellos llevó a cabo ajustes diferentes. Los diferentes servicios implicados realizaron planes de contingencia para minimizar el impacto sobre los pacientes. Conclusión: Este estudio muestra cómo la atención al paciente oncológico y el funcionamiento de los comités de tumores se vio afectado de forma generalizada durante la pandemia por COVID-19.(AU)

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has over-burdened the Spanish health service and, as a result, affected the treatment and management of oncological patients. The aim of this study is to make a descriptive analysis of the management of oncological patients and the functioning of the tumour committees in the University Hospital La Paz (Madrid) during the first wave of the pandemic. Materials and methods: A descriptive analysis was made, based on the results of a questionnaire given to all 18 adult tumour committees and 3 paediatric tumour committees in the University Hospital La Paz. Further information was obtained from all the hospital services involved in the diagnosis and treatment of oncological patients. Results: During the first wave of the pandemic, there was a significant decrease in diagnostic tests. For many weeks, the majority of oncological surgical procedures were delayed or referred to other hospitals. Highly beneficial systemic and radiotherapeutic treatments were maintained and preoperative treatment was increased. The diagnosis and treatment of paediatric tumours was unaltered. Tumour committees were affected but each one adjusted in a different way. All the departments involved in the diagnosis and treatment of oncological patients made contingency plans to minimalize the effect on patients. Conclusion: This study shows how the management of oncological patients and the functioning of tumour committees was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic.(AU)

Empleo actual de la hormonoterapia neoadyuvante en cáncer de mama: resultados de una encuesta realizada en España / Current use of neoadjuvant endocrine treatment for breast cancer: results of a survey conducted in Spain

OBJETIVO: Establecer el estado actual del empleo de hormonoterapia en neoadyuvancia (HTNA) en las distintas unidades de patología mamaria del territorio nacional. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se confeccionó una encuesta electrónica de 14 preguntas que se envió a los socios de la Sociedad Española de Senología y Patología Mamaria (SESPM) así como a miembros de otros centros del ámbito público y privado. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 79 respuestas. El 74,7% correspondían a centros del ámbito público. El 77,2% afirman emplear HTNA, si bien la mayoría (44,3%) solo en caso de mujeres ancianas pluripatológicas. El seguimiento de las pacientes corre a cargo del oncólogo médico en el 62,0% de los casos, siendo la exploración (64,7%), la resonancia (55,9%) y la ecografía los métodos más empleados en el seguimiento. El fármaco más utilizado es el letrozol (45,5%) y la duración habitual del tratamiento es de 3-6meses en casi de la mitad de los casos (43,0%). El 82,2% de los encuestados afirman realizar HTNA en caso de axila positiva, si bien casi la mitad (47,6%) la restringen al caso de mujer anciana con comorbilidad. La alternativa en caso de no respuesta es la cirugía en el 78,5% de los casos. El 72,2% de los encuestados creen que la posibilidad de realizar una plataforma genómica en la biopsia inicial les animaría a emplear más la HTNA. CONCLUSIONES: La HTNA es un método empleado por las unidades de mama de forma habitual, si bien su uso queda relegado por lo general a mujeres ancianas con comorbilidades

OBJECTIVES: To establish the current state of the use of neoadjuvant endocrine treatment (NET) for breast cancer in breast cancer units (BCU) in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 14-question electronic survey was designed and sent on-line to members of the Spanish Society of Senology and Breast Disease (SESPM) as well as to other breast cancer units in public and private healthcare centres in Spain. RESULTS: A total of 79 surveys were completed. Nearly three quarters (74.7%) of respondents worked in public centres, and 77.2% used NET, although most (44.3%) only used it in elderly or frail women. Follow-up was carried out by a medical oncologist in 62.0% of the cases. The preferred follow-up methods were clinical examination (64.7%), MRI (55.9%) and ultrasound (48.5%). Letrozole was the chosen drug in 45.5%, and 43.0% maintained treatment for 3-6months. Most (82.2%) respondents used NET when there were axillary-positive nodes but, of these, 47.6% restricted it to frail elderly women. Surgery was the alternative treatment in 78.5% of non-responders. In all, 72.2% of the respondents believed that the possibility of performing a genomic profile in the core biopsy would increase the chances of NET use. CONCLUSIONS: NET is a frequently employed method in BCUs in Spain, although its use is usually relegated to elderly or frail women

Modelo predictivo de metástasis en ganglios axilares no centinela en cáncer de mama. Variables emergentes. Estudio MOTTO, parte I / Predictive model of breast cancer metastasis in axillary non-sentinel lymph nodes. Emergent variables. The MOTTO study, part I

INTRODUCCIÓN: La carga tumoral total (CTT) obtenida del estudio OSNA de cada uno de los ganglios centinela ha sido identificada como el predictor más potente de metástasis en ganglios linfáticos axilares no centinela. Por otra parte, los distintos subtipos moleculares (SM) de cáncer de mama difieren entre ellos de forma significativa no solo en términos de incidencia, pronóstico y tratamiento, sino también respecto al patrón de afectación metastásica axilar. Nuestra hipótesis consiste en que la predicción de enfermedad metastásica en la linfadenectomía axilar puede mejorar aplicando un modelo predictivo basado en la CTT y el subtipo intrínseco del tumor. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto del SM subrogado inmunohistoquímicamente en la predicción metastásica de los ganglios axilares no centinela con base en la CTT. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, multicéntrico europeo, que incluye 683 pacientes procedentes de 9 hospitales. RESULTADOS: El análisis univariante identificó 6 variables independientes que correlacionan significativamente con la afectación metastásica axilar no centinela. De ellas, las variables valor logarítmico de la CTT, diámetro tumoral y SM diagnosticado por inmunohistoquímica fueron seleccionadas para el modelo multivariante. Las odds ratio estimadas por el modelo fueron valor logarítmico de la CTT 1.527 (IC 95% 1.299-1.796), diámetro tumoral 1.503 (IC 95% 1.062-2.129) y SM 2.195 (IC 95% 1.246-3.867). CONCLUSIONES: El SM, la CTT y el diámetro tumoral son los predictores más potentes de afectación axilar y deben ser incluidos en los algoritmos diagnósticos como variables esenciales para la toma de decisiones terapéuticas sobre la axila

INTRODUCTION: The total tumour load (TTL) obtained from OSNA study in each of the sentinel lymph nodes has been identified as the most powerful predictor of axillary non-sentinel lymph node metastasis. In addition, the distinct molecular subtypes (MS) of breast cancer differ significantly not only in terms of incidence, prognosis and treatment but also in terms of the pattern of axillary metastatic involvement. We hypothesised that the prediction of metastatic disease in axillary lymphadenectomy could be enhanced by applying a predictive model based on the TTL and the intrinsic tumour subtype. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the MS identified by immunohistochemistry on prediction of metastatic disease in axillary non-sentinel lymph nodes based on TTL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, European multicenter study including 683 patients from 9 hospitals. RESULTS: Univariate analysis identified 6 variables that were significantly correlated with axillary non-sentinel metastasis. Of these, the variables logarithmic value of the TTL, tumour diameter and MS diagnosed by immunohistochemistry were selected for multivariate analysis. The odds ratio estimated by the model were: logarithmic value of the TTL 1.527 (95% CI: 1.299-1.796), tumour diameter 1.503 (95% CI: 1.062-2.129) and MS 2.195 (95% CI: 1.246-3.867). CONCLUSIONS: The strongest predictors of axillary involvement were MS, TTL and tumour diameter. These variables should be included in diagnostic algorithms as essential parameters for therapeutic decision-making on the axilla

Fibromatosis mamaria. Reporte de dos casos clínicos y revisión bibliogáfica / Mammary fibromatosis. Two case report and review of literatura

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: La fibromatosis produce tumores benignos pero localmente agresivos, que afectan a los tejidos blandos. A nivel mamario, representa tan sólo el 0.2% de las neoplasias de la mama. Nuestro objetivo con el presente artículo es profundizar en el conocimiento de la fibromatosis mamaria, a través del estudio de dos casos clínicos, mostrando sus características clínico-radiológicas e histológicas, e intentar establecer un protocolo de actuación adecuado. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de dos casos clínicos de fibromatosis mamaria diagnosticados en el Hospital Universitario La Paz entre los años 2018 y 2019. Resultados: Presentaremos dos pacientes con diagnóstico de fibromatosis mamaria, ambas debutaron con la autopalpación de un nódulo mamario. Al realizarles una ecografía, se visualizó un nódulo sólido, mal definido y axila ecográficamente negativa, que precisó de biopsia-aspiración con aguja gruesa. En los dos casos, se decidió resección quirúrgica de la lesión. Seguimiento mediante exploración mamaria y pruebas de imagen periódicas. Conclusiones: Aunque se trata de una entidad benigna, la fibromatosis mamaria puede simular un proceso maligno, tanto clínica como radiológicamente, por lo que precisa de un estudio histológico. A pesar de que la diseminación metastásica es muy poco frecuente, no se debe olvidar el carácter agresivo a nivel local de esta patología, y sus altas tasas de recurrencia. Como tratamiento, se debe realizar una resección quirúrgica, aunque recientemente se ha contemplado la opción de vigilancia estrecha sin tratamiento. No existe evidencia científica que justifique la utilización de otros tratamientos como la radioterapia o el tratamiento hormonal.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Fibromatosis produces benign but locally aggressive tumours that affect soft tissues. At breast level, it represents only 0.2% of breast neoplasms. Our goal with this article is to increase knowledge on breast fibromatosis, through the study of two clinical cases; explaining their clinical-radiologic and histological characteristics. Additionally, try to establish an adequate protocol, for the management of the disease and for its subsequent monitoring. Methods: A retrospective study about two clinical cases of breast fibromatosis diagnosed in La Paz Hospital between 2018-2019. Results: both patients presented with clinical manifestations, autopalpation of a breast nodule. A breast ultrasound was performed and a solid nodule was visualized, with poorly defined edges and ecographically negative armpit. A core needle biopsy was performed to confirm the histological diagnosis. In both clinical cases, the treatment was surgical resection of the lesion. Periodic revisions are being performed in order to exclude recurrence. Conclusions: Although it is a benign disease, breast fibromatosis can simulate a malignancy, both in a clinical and radiological way, so histological study is mandatory in order to achieve an accurate diagnosis. Even metastatic dissemination is extremely rare, the local aggressive nature and high rates of recurrence for fibromatosis makes surgical excision, with wide free margins, the most important tool in treatment, although the possibility of close surveillance without treatment is recently being contemplated. There is no scientific evidence to justify the use of other treatments such as radiotherapy or hormonal treatment.

Necesidad de vaciamiento axilar en el cáncer de mama. Rigor en los métodos predictivos / Need for axillary lymphadenectomy in breast cancer. Rigour in predictive methods

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Mioepitelioma maligno recidivante de la mama, una evolución poco frecuente / Recurrent malignant myoepithelioma of the breast, an uncommon progression

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Evaluación de la respuesta patológica a la quimioterapia neoadyuvante en mama y axila según los fenotipos moleculares del cáncer de mama / Evaluation of pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the breast and axilla according to molecular phenotypes of breast cancer

Objetivo. Evaluar la respuesta patológica a la quimioterapia neoadyuvante tanto en la mama como en la axila según los fenotipos moleculares de cáncer de mama. Pacientes y método. Estudio retrospectivo entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2014 que incluye a las pacientes con cáncer de mama infiltrante intervenidas tras tratamiento con quimioterapia neoadyuvante. Hemos considerado 5 fenotipos moleculares según los criterios de St. Gallen 2013. La respuesta patológica en mama y en axila se ha evaluado según los criterios de Sataloff. Resultados. Se recogen los datos de un total de 181 pacientes tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante, de las que a 96 se les realizó linfadenectomía axilar. El 34,3% tenían un fenotipo molecular Her-2, 28,7% basal, 25,4% luminal B y 11,6% luminal A. En los luminal A, el 28,5% han tenido una respuesta patológica completa en la mama frente al 21,4% en la axila; en los luminal B, 34,7 frente al 13,7%; en los luminal B Her-2, 65 frente a 41,1%; en los Her-2, 95,4 frente a 70,5%; en los basales, 59,6 frente a 36,8%. Globalmente, la respuesta patológica completa en la mama ha sido del 55,2% frente al 35,4% en axila. Conclusiones. Los fenotipos moleculares Her-2 y basal presentan mayores tasas de respuesta patológica completa tras quimioterapia neoadyuvante. No existe correlación entre la respuesta patológica observada en la mama y en la axila. La respuesta axilar es, en términos generales, menor que en la mama (AU)

Objective. To evaluate pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the breast and axilla according to the different molecular phenotypes of breast cancer. Patients and method. A retrospective study was performed between January 2011 and December 2014, including those patients with infiltrating carcinoma who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Five molecular phenotypes were considered according to St. Gallen's 2013 criteria. Pathological axillary and breast response were evaluated following the Sataloff system. Results. We analysed data from 181 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Of these, an axillary lymphadenectomy was performed in 96 patients. In total, 34.3% of the patients belonged to the Her-2 group, 28.7% to the basal group, 25.4% to the luminal B group and 11.6% to the luminal A group. In luminal A tumours, pathological complete response was observed in the breast in 28.5% of the patients and in the axilla in 21.4%; in luminal B group, 34.7 versus 13.7%; in luminal B-Her-2, 65 versus 41.1%; in Her-2 positive tumours, pathological complete response was observed in the breast in 95.4% of the patients versus 70.5% in the axilla; in the basal group, pathological complete response was achieved in the breast in 59.6% versus only 36.8% in the axilla. Overall, pathological complete response was observed in the breast in 55.2% compared with 35.4% in the axilla. Conclusions. Her-2 and basal phenotypes of breast cancer show better rates of complete pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. No correlation was found between pathological response in the breast and the axilla. Axillary response was worse than that found in the breast (AU)