Dupuytren's disease: A reality in Black Africa.

Long regarded as a disease exclusively found amongst Northern Europeans, Dupuytren's disease was seldom studied amongst Black Africans. Thus, we sought to study the impact of Dupuytren's disease, its etiological, clinical and evolutionary peculiarities on a segment of the Senegalese population. This study analyzed data derived from clinical observations carried out between January 2006 and December 2018. It involved Senegalese subjects with Dupuytren's disease, the patients' history, profession, habitus, clinical findings, therapeutic modalities and disease staging. The population included 20 men and 6 women averaging 63.5 years of age (range 45-77). None of the patients reported a family of Dupuytren's disease. Twelve patients had diabetes, 11 were smokers and 22 were engaged exclusively in manual labor. The condition was bilateral in 14 cases. Tubiana stages N, I, II, III and IV were found in 31, 15, 9, 5 and 6 rays, respectively. Conservative treatment was done in 11 patients. Surgical treatment was carried out in the other 15 patients: needle fasciotomy (N=10) including two bilateral involvement and open fasciectomy (N=7). Functional outcomes were satisfactory. Lesions were all stable in the short and medium term. Two patients had progressive lesions on a longer-term basis. Dupuytren's disease is real among Afro-descendants from Senegal even though it is seldom studied. Based on the patients' recollection of Dupuytren's disease in their families, heredity is not yet a proven factor. The early forms are more common, and the lesions remain stable for a long time.

[Performance of magnetic resonance imaging ang genourob laximetry in anterior cruciate ligament rupture in 30 cases]. / Performance de l'imagerie par resonance magnetique et de la laximetrie a genourob dans les ruptures du ligament croise anterieur a propos de 30 cas.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work was to evaluate the diagnostic contribution of magnetic resonance imaging and genourob compared to intraoperative arthroscopy. The objective was to implement a protocol based on magnetic resonance imaging and / or genourob. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We did a cross-sectional study from July 18, 2016 to July 19, 2017 at the Maltese hospital comparing the results of MRI and GNRB from 30 patients compared to intraoperative arthroscopy data. RESULTS: Complete break.- In MRI, we obtained a sensitivity (Se) of 95.7%, a specificity (Sp) of 85.7%.- At the GNRB, we found a Se of 87%, a Sp of 42.9%.Partially broken.- In MRI we obtained a Se of 85.7%, a Sp of 95.7%.- At the GNRB, we found a Se of 42.9%, a Sp of 87%. CONCLUSION: MRI is better than GNRB. The GNRB does not improve the results of the MRI. It has no diagnostic contribution in the rupture of the ACL knee. It is a device used by the orthopedists to evaluate knee laxity that does not depend on the ACL alone.

INTRODUCTION: Le but de ce travail était d'évaluer l'apport diagnostique de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) et du genourob (GNRB) par rapport à l'arthroscopie per opératoire. L'objectif était de mettre en place un protocole basé sur l'IRM et / ou le GNRB. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Nous avons fait une étude transversale allant du 18 Juillet 2016 au 19 juillet 2017au centre hospitalier de l'ordre de malte en comparant les résultats d'IRM et du GNRB de 30 patients par rapport aux données de l'arthroscopie per opératoire. RÉSULTATS: ✓ Rupture complète.- En IRM, nous avons obtenu une sensibilité (Se) de 95,7 %, une spécificité(Sp) de 85,7%.- Au GNRB, nous avons trouvé une Se de 87 %, une Sp de 42,9%.✓ Rupture partielle.- En IRM, nous avons obtenu une Se de 85,7 %, une Spde 95,7%.- Au GNRB, nous avons trouvé uneSe de 42,9 %, une Sp de 87%. CONCLUSION: L'IRM est plus performante que le GNRB. Le GNRB ne permet pas d'améliorer les résultats de l'IRM. Il n'a pas d'apport diagnostique dans la rupture du LCA du genou. C'est un dispositif utilisé par les orthopédistes pour évaluer une laxité du genou qui ne dépend pas du LCA à lui seul.

Performance de l'imagerie par resonance magnetique et de la Laximetrie a Genourob dans les ruptures du ligament croise anterieur a Propos de 30 cas

Introduction:Le but de ce travail était d'évaluer l'apport diagnostique de l'imagerie par resonance magnétique (IRM) et du genourob (GNRB) parrapport à l'arthroscopie per opératoire.L'objectif était de mettre en place un protocole basé sur l'IRMet / ou le GNRB.Matériels et méthodes:Nous avons fait une étude transversale allant du 18 Juillet 2016 au 19 juillet 2017au centre hospitalier de l'ordre de malte en comparant les résultats d'IRM et du GNRB de 30 patients par rapport aux données del'arthroscopie per opératoire. Résultats Rupture complète:En IRM, nous avons obtenu une sensibilité (Se) de 95,7 %, une spécificité(Sp) de 85,7%;Au GNRB, nous avons trouvé une Se de 87 %, une Sp de 42,9%.Rupture partielle:En IRM,nous avons obtenu une Se de 85,7 %,une Spde 95,7%;Au GNRB, nous avons trouvé une Se de 42,9 %, une Sp de 87%.Conclusion:L'IRM est plus performante que le GNRB Le GNRB ne permet pas d'améliorer les résultats de l'IRM. Il n'a pas d'apport diagnostique dans la rupture du LCA du genou. C'est un dispositif utilisé par les orthopédistes pour évaluer une laxité du genou qui ne dépend pas du LCA à lui seul

Modified Dunn osteotomy using an anterior approach used to treat 26 cases of SCFE.

INTRODUCTION: Osteotomy performed below the femoral neck plays a leading role in the treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). It results in anatomical reduction. Several modifications have been made to Dunn's original osteotomy technique. We have developed another modification to this technique that uses an anterior surgical approach on a traction table with fluoroscopy control. HYPOTHESES: Will this technique help to reduce the number of complications? Will its results be superior to those achieved with the standard Dunn osteotomy procedure? MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective single-center study of 26 cases in 24 patients (2 bilateral cases). Patients were positioned supine on a traction table with fluoroscopy control. An anterior surgical approach was used. A trapezoid-shaped osteotomy was performed below the femoral head. The head's reduction was checked on the fluoroscope and the fixation confirmed. The Postel Merle d'Aubigné (PMA) score was used for the clinical assessment. The radiographic assessment was based on Southwick's angle. RESULTS: The mean slip angle of the femoral head was 57°. A mean correction of 47° was achieved. Based on the PMA score, good and excellent results were achieved in 20 cases (77%) and poor results occurred in 6 cases (23%). The surgical treatment had a significant effect on the PMA score (P=0.0008). In terms of complications, there were five cases of chondrolysis and one case of necrosis associated with chondrolysis. DISCUSSION: The anterior approach provides direct access to the femoral neck, and thereby a cautious osteotomy at the site of the slip itself. Use of a traction table makes the external manipulations, reduction and fixation procedures easier to carry out. The results of this study were comparable to published results. LEVEL OF PROOF: IV, retrospective treatment study.

[Surgery in black grain mycetoma: about 44 patients treated at aristide le dantec hospital (Dakar, Senegal) from December 2008 to March 2013]. / Chirurgie des mycétomes fongiques à grain noir. À propos de 44 patients pris en charge à l'Hôpital Aristide le Dantec de Dakar (Sénégal) de décembre 2008 à mars 2013.

Black-grain mycetomas are fungal and cannot be healed by antifungals only.We conducted this study to determine the interest of carcinologic surgery only in the management of those black-grain mycetomas.We led a retrospective study concerning 44 patients over a period of 52 months. The mean age of patients was 32.5 years. The main location of mycetomas was the foot (21 cases), the ankle (10 cases), the knee (8 cases), the leg (3 cases), the chest, the back and the pulp of the fourth finger once each. The bone was affected in 21 cases. The surgery consisted in a carcinologic excision or amputation depending on the extension of the lesion and the degree of bony infringement, with ganglionic cleaning out in case of lymphadenopathy. In the average retrospect of 25.5 months, we noted 8 cases of recurrences among which 2 on the amputated patients and 6 on the patients treated by carcinologic excision. The surgery constitutes the main therapeutic issue of the fungal mycetomas.

Traitement par la méthode d'Ilizarov des pseudarthroses des os longs

Introduction: Plusieurs techniques permettent de traiter les pseudarthroses des os longs. L'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer les résultats préliminaires du traitement de ces lésions avec la méthode d'Ilizarov. Matériels et méthodes: Dans cette étude prospective réalisée entre janvier 2007 et juin 2013, 11 patients avec un âge moyen de26ansontétéopérésselon laméthoded'Ilizarov. Ils'agissaitdeneuf pseudarthroses post-traumatiques et deux pseudarthroses congénitales. La pseudarthrose siégeait au tibia (n=9), à l'humérus (n=1), et au fémur (n=1). Les modalités thérapeutiques étaient une compression pure sans abord du foyer (n=8), une compression après abord du foyer pour ablation de matériel d'ostéosynthèse et débridement (n=2) et une compression-distraction bifocale ou technique de « l'ascenseur »( n=1). Les résultats ont été analysés avec un recul moyen de 2,5 ans selon les critères anatomiques et fonctionnels de l'ASAMI. Résultats: La consolidation osseuse était obtenue chez 10 patients qui ont tous repris leur activité. Les résultats anatomiques étaient excellents (n=5), bons (n=4), moyen (n=1), et mauvais (échec) (n=1). Les résultats fonctionnels étaient excellents (n=3),bons(n=5), moyens(n=2) et mauvais (n=1). Conclusion: Dans cette étude préliminaire portant sur 11 cas de pseudarthroses des os longs traitées par la méthode d'Ilizarov la consolidation osseuse a été obtenue chez 10 patients qui ont tous repris leur activité. Cette technique est contraignante pour le chirurgien et le malade, mais constitue une alternative fiable pour le traitement des pseudarthroses

Résultats de l'ostéotomie tibiale d'ouverture médiale fixée par plaque verrouillée type SURFIX® dans les gonarthroses sévères

Introduction: L'ostéotomie tibiale de valgisation par ouverture médiale est indiquée dans les gonarthrose fémorotibiales varisantes modérées. Ses indications pourraient être étendues aux arthroses avancées dans les pays en développement du fait de l'accessibilité limitée des prothèses. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer les résultats de l'ostéotomie tibiale de valgisation par ouverture médiale dans les gonarthroses évoluées. Matériel et méthodes: Une étude rétrospective monocentrique de 3 ans a été réalisée. Quatorze patients totalisant 16 gonarthroses avec un âge moyen 48 ans ont été opérés selon cette technique. L'ostéotomie a été fixée par une plaque verrouillée type SURFIX® Treize genoux étaient classés au stade III et trois au stade IV de la classification de Ahlbäck. L'angle tibial interne préopératoire moyen était de 82°. l'IKS genou était en moyenne de 58,33 et l'IKS fonction de 52,08. Résultats: Les patients ont été évalués avec un recul moyen de 30 mois. La correction angulaire moyenne était de 7,81°. L'IKS genou était en moyenne 87,08 et l'IKS fonction 89,16. L'angle tibial interne était de 89°. La comparaison des variations de l'IKS avant et après l'opération était significative. Onze patients étaient satisfaits du résultat de l'intervention. Conclusion: Les résultats de l'ostéotomie tibiale de valgisation par ouverture médiale instrumentée par une plaque verrouillée sont satisfaisants. Ils nous encouragent à élargir les indications dans les gonarthroses avancées dans un contexte où l'indication d'arthroplastie du genou dans le traitement des gonarthroses sévères se heurte à des difficultés économiques des patients

[Thoracic tumor-like fungal mycetoma: interest of large surgery with terbinafine]. / Un mycétome fongique tumoral dorsal: intérêt de la chirurgie large associée à la terbinafine.

Fungal mycetoma are inflammatory pseudo-tumors of subcutaneous tissues and possibly bones due to exogenous fungi. They have a chronic course, often poly-fistulated with an emission of fungal grains. We report the case of a 65-year-old farmer with a thoracic fungal mycetoma discovered incidentally, associated with bone involvement. The diagnosis was confirmed by the positive culture to Madurella mycetomatis. The outcome was favorable with terbinafine 1g per day for 12 months associated with complete excision of oncologic type followed by a skin graft.

Evaluation des résultats de l'embrochage intra-focal selon Kapandji des fractures de Pouteau-colles

INTRODUCTION. Le but de ce travail etait d'evaluer les resultats des embrochages intra-focaux selon Kapandji des fractures de Pouteau-Colles realises dans la plupart des cas sous anesthesie locale et sans amplificateur de brillance. MATeRIEL ET MeTHODE. Il s'agissait d'une etude dynamique sur une periode de 12 mois qui a consiste a l'examen clinique complet et a la radiographie du poignet qui nous permettaient de calculer les indices radiologiques de face et de profil. Nos criteres d'inclusion concernaient les patients presentant une fracture de Pouteau-Colles vraie ages de 18 ans au moins; traites par embrochage intra-focal selon la technique de Kapandji effectivement suivis; revus et evalues. L'evaluation des patients se faisait apres un recul moyen de 9 semaines et nous avons utilise les criteres de Castaing.ReSULTATS. Pendant la periode d'etude nous avons enregistre 57 patients pour fracture de Pouteau Colles Parmi eux 35 ont ete operes selon la technique de Kapandji soit 61;4%. L'age moyen des patients etait de 38 ans. Nous avons note une predominance masculine de 16 hommes avec un sex-ratio de 1;2. Par rapport a la comminution posterieure (classification de Grumillier); nous avons note type I 34%; type II 43%; type III 23%. L'operation a ete realisee sans utilisation de l'amplificateur de brillance dans 74;3% des cas. A l'evaluation nous avons obtenu les resultats suivants ont ete obtenus :- Resultats subjectifs; 74;19% de tres bon et bon resultats ; 6;45% de mauvais resultats; - Resultats objectifs; 90;33% de tres bon et bon resultats ; 3;22% de mauvais resultats - resultats radiologiques; 83;88% de tres bon et bon resultats ; 6;45% de mauvais resultats. CONCLUSION.L'embrochage intra-focal selon Kapandji est une methode qui permet de traiter avec succes la plupart des fractures de Pouteau-Colles. L'aspect particulier de notre etude reside sur le fait que; cette technique chirurgicale s'etait executee dans la majeure partie des cas sous anesthesie locale et sans l'utilisation de l'amplificateur de brillance

[Traditional bonesetter's gangrene of limb in children in Regional Hospital of Kaolack (Senegal)]. / Gangrène de membre à la suite d'un traitement traditionnel de fractures par attelle en bambou chez l'enfant à l'Hôpital régional de Kaolack (Sénégal).

Little published data exist on the morbidity and mortality associated with poor trauma care in developing countries. This report highlights our experience with iatrogenic limb gangrene related to fracture management by traditional bonesetters. Children with bonesetter's gangrene were identified from a prospectively recorded paediatric surgery database at the Regional Hospital of Kaolack in Central Senegal. 21 children were treated for bonesetter's gangrene during a 18-month period (January 2007 up to June 2008). The average age was 10 years (range, 5 to 15 years). Bonesetter's gangrene was more common in boys (90.5%) and occurred almost exclusively in children from rural areas where access to health care was limited. 16 children underwent proximal extremity amputation. Complications included one case of tetanus. Bonesetter's gangrene is a preventable complication that results from a failure of child health planners to recognize the importance of basic trauma care. Management of fractures should be considered an essential component of child health programs in developing countries.

Posterior approach for surgical treatment of neglected elbow dislocation.

INTRODUCTION: Neglected elbow dislocations often result in contracture and functional impairment. Surgical treatment is challenging because of the accompanying triceps retraction. We wanted to share our experience in treating these neglected dislocations using the posterior approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a consecutive, prospective study over a 4.5-year period (January 2003 to June 2007) that included all the patients who presented with a neglected elbow dislocation that was older than 21 days. We treated 22 patients (17 men, five women) with an average age of 22.8±8.2 years (range 14 to 46 years). The dislocations were 8.5±4.2 months old on average (range 2 to 17 months). Average elbow flexion was 46.0°±25.9° (10° to 90°) and the extension deficit was 19.5°±18.4° (0° to 60°) before the surgery. A paratricipital approach was used in all patients. In 14 patients, the dislocation was reduced without triceps lengthening. In eight patients, a V-Y plasty of the triceps muscle was required. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 21 months (range 12 to 30 months). The improvement in the overall range of motion was statistically significant. Average elbow flexion was 112.7°±13.3° (60° to 130°) and the extension deficit was 26.6°±17.0° (0° to 60°). The average Mayo Clinic Elbow Performance Index score was 86 (range 50 to 100), with 14 excellent, four good, two average and two poor results. Complications included three cases of ulnar nerve paresis, which subsided within three months, and one case of superficial infection. DISCUSSION: Although surgical treatment is challenging, the functional improvement in neglected elbow dislocations is outstanding. The best functional results can be expected when the triceps splitting approach to the elbow is not used. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

[Intramedullary pinning of the radius in acute Galeazzi's fractures in adults: 23 case reports]. / Embrochage centromédullaire du radius dans les fractures récentes de Galeazzi chez l'adulte : À propos de 23 cas.

OBJECTIFS: Consensual treatment of the Galeazzi's fracture is a plate osteosynthesis of the radius more or less associated to the confection of a plaster cast in distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ) dislocation. The authors are reporting in this study the clinical and functionnal results of the intra-medullary pinning of the radius in this type of fracture in adult. METHODS: During a prospective study from January 2003 to December 2006, 23 patients (20 men and three women), average-aged of 32 years (16-70 years) presenting with a Galeazzi's fracture were treated by an intra-medullary pinning of the radius. The DRUJ dislocations were locked 17 times by a brachio-ante-brachio-palmar plaster cast in the supination position, and six times by an ulno-radial pinning. Only the 16 over-aged patients presenting with closed recent fractures were included in this study. The DRUJ dislocation was ranked according to Mansat, the radial fracture according to Müller (AO). The assessment of the treatment results used Mestdagh's criteria. In this study, each pseudarthrosis of the radius was considered as a failure. RESULTS: The DRUJ dislocation was reparted into six sprains, eight subdislocations, and three Galeazzi's fracture equivalents. The radius fractures were simple (n=20) or wedge fractures (n=3). These fractures were located at the proximal third (n=13), middle third (n=7) and distal third (n=3). The average consolidation delay was 10 weeks (8 to16 weeks). Two pseudarthrosis have been observed and then treated by a plate osteosynthesis. At the mean follow up of 37 months (18 to 41 months), the mean score according to Mestdagh was 7.8 points, with 20 satisfying results. Nineteen patients were satisfied by their treatment; the reasons were: the esthetic care of their scar, and the good functionnal resumption, as well as before the fracture. CONCLUSION: The intra-medullary pinning of radius in Galeazzi's fractures, in contrary to the previous studies, give good results compared to a plate osteosynthesis treatment. The systematic complementary lock by brachio-ante-brachio-palmar plaster cast during 3 to 4 weeks has balanced the stability defect that Mikic was reproaching to it. Moreover, it confers the benefits of elastic closed osteosynthesis. That less simple and less expensive method represents an alternative to a plate osteosynthesis in Galeazzi's fractures in adult, if it is well standardized.

[Latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder. Report of 41 cases]. / Traitement De La Luxation Anterieure Recidivante De L'Epaule Par La Technique De La Butee Osteoplastique Selon Latarjet. A Propos De 41 Cas.

AIMS: Evaluate the technique of Bristow-Latarjet in the treatment of the recurrent dislocation of the shoulder. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was a continuous retrospective study on 46 cases selected in the CHU of Dakar over 11 years. From our criteria of inclusion, 41 patients were retained. There were 37 men for 4 women, whose average age at the time of the intervention was 29 years (extreme: 20 - 44 years). The management of the first episode was unsuited in 25 times. The average time of the first repetition was 10 months and its number varied between 5 and 36 episodes. The treatment of the recurrences was also misfit in 23 times. All our patients were treated according to the technique of Bristow-Latarjet. A standard immobilization Mayo clinic during 3 weeks was made with a systematic rehabilitation. The evaluation was done according to the scale of Constant with 45,6 months an average retreat. RESULTS: We found: 7 excellent cases (17%); 14 very good cases (34%); 9 good cases (22%); 6 average cases (15%); 5 bad cases (12%). Five cases of omarthrosis (3 types II and 2 types III of Samilson-Prieto) were found like two surface cases of sepsis. There was neither post-operative recurrence nor iatrogenic nervous attack. CONCLUSION: The recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder represents a frequent complication of primary dislocations of the shoulder touching especially young subjects. Stabilization by the anterior coracoid abutment according to the technique of Bristow-Latarjet led well represents one of the best techniques for its treatment.

[Entrapment of the median nerve after neglected dislocation of the elbow: a case report]. / Incarcération du nerf médian après luxation négligée du coude : à propos d'un cas.

Entrapment of the median nerve is a rare complication following dislocation of the elbow. The authors report a case of incarceration of the median nerve in a neglected dislocation of the elbow in an 18-year-old right-handed boy. The patient sustained a closed injury of the right elbow during a game. The initial treatment was performed by a traditional bonesetter and consisted of attempts at reduction followed by immobilization in extension. There was persistent pain and limitation of movement in the elbow and paraesthesiae in the long finger. This led the patient to consult us at 45 days postinjury. Radiographs showed a posterolateral dislocation of the elbow. Surgical reduction was carried out 6 months posttrauma. After opening of the capsule, we discovered the median nerve blocking the olecranon fossa, passing at the level of the groove of the trochlea where it was wedged between the latter anteriorly and the olecranon posteriorly before resuming its normal course. Reduction was obtained and the nerve replaced in its normal position. The postoperative course was uneventful with disappearance of the paresthesiae and restoration of a good range of movement of the elbow. The authors discuss the mechanism, the clinical forms and propose a new type according to the classification of Fourrier.

[Olecranon osteotomy in the treatment of distal humeral fractures in adults: anatomical and functional evaluation of the elbow in 14 cases]. / L'ostéotomie de l'olécrâne dans le traitement des fractures de la palette humérale de l'adulte : évaluation anatomique et fonctionnelle du coude à propos de 14 cas.

Osteotomy of the olecranon is commonly used to gain exposure for reconstruction of bi-condylar fractures of the distal humerus (type 13-C of classification AO), but there is controversy because of the considerable complications inherent in this technique. The aim of our study is to examine the anatomical and functional consequences of this technique of exposure on the elbow. This is a retrospective study over a continuous 7-year period. We confined ourselves to patients more than 15 years old who had presented with a bi-condylar fracture (type C of the AO) of the distal humerus, internally fixed through an osteotomy of the olecranon. We reexamined and evaluated 14 treated patients who had been operated in our service. There were nine men and five women with an average age of 34 years (range 17 to 70 years). According to the AO classification, we found 14 fractures distributed in the following way: three type C1, seven type C2 and four type C3; the fracture was open in two cases. The osteotomy was carried out in all the cases using an osteotome, extra-articular in six cases and intra-articular way in eight cases. Repair was always performed using tension band wiring. The evaluation was based on anatomical and functional criteria (Mayo Elbow Performance Score). No case of radial and ulnar paralysis was found. Thirty-six percent of the olecranon fixations were of bad quality and we found one case of olecranon pseudarthrosis. No case of heterotypic calcification was found, on the other hand, there was a case of post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the elbow. On the functional level, we obtained 36% of excellent results, 28.5% of good results, 7% of average results and 28.5% of bad results. Osteotomy of the olecranon is one of the techniques for exposure of the articular surface during reconstruction of fractures of the distal humerus. A rigorous technique allows one to avoid complications.

[Assessment of surgical treatment of olecranon fractures by tension-band wiring. About 63 cases]. / Evaluation du traitement chirurgical par haubanage des fractures de l'olecrane. A propos de 63 cas.

The purpose of this work is to estimate our anatomical and functional results of the surgical technique based on the AO principle of tension band wiring. We led a retrospective continuous study on the basis of 70 files brought together from January, 1999 till December, 2006. We had included all the patients who presented a recent fracture of the olecranon treated by tension band wiring and having a follow-up more than 6 month. Seven (7) files were excluded giving to the study one population of 63 patients. The fracture was classified according to the classification of Mayo clinic and the associated hurts were noted. The tension band wiring was the exclusive treatment. The evaluation looked for the complications and appreciated the radiological and functional results according to the score of Mayo Elbow Performance Score. We had found 48 fractures of type II and 15 fractures of type III. There were 5 cases of cutaneous punctiforme opening, a fracture of the ipsilateral forearm in 3 cases, a fracture of the thighbone in 1 case and a dislocation of the elbow associated with a fracture of the humerus in 1 case. The consolidation was obtained at 60 patient's at the end of 4 months on average (extremes: 3 and 6 months). There were 3 cases of non union and 5 cases of pins migrations. On the functional plan, we obtained 15 very good results, 26 good results, 19 average results and 3 bad results. The most frequent and the most common fractures of the elbow, the olecranon fractures treated by tension band wiring give good results.

Evaluation du traitement chirurgical par haubanage des fractures de l'olecrane. A propos de 63 cas

Le but de ce travail est d'evaluer les resultats anatomiques et fonctionnels du traitement chirurgical des fractures de l'olecrane base sur le principe du hauban de l' Associa- tion suisse d'Orthopedie (A.O.*). Nous avons mene une etude retrospective continue sur la base de 70 dossiers colliges de Janvier 1999 a Decembre 2006. Nous avions inclus tous les patients qui presentaient une fracture de l'olecrane recente traite par haubanage et ayant un suivi superieur ou egal a 6 mois. Sept (7) dossiers ont ete exclus don- nant a l'etude un population de 63 patients. La fracture a ete classee selon la classification de la Mayo clinic et les lesions associees ont ete notees. Le haubanage a ete le traitement exclusif. L'evaluation a recherche les complications et a apprecie les resultats radiologique et fonctionnel selon le score de la Mayo Elbow Performance Score. Nous avions retrouve 3 fractures de type I; 48 fractures de type II et 12 fractures de type III. Il y avait 5 cas d'ouverture cutanee punctiforme; une fracture de l'avant-bras homolaterale dans 3 cas; une fracture du femur dans 1 cas et une luxation du coude associee a une fracture de l'humerus dans 1 cas. La consolida- tion a ete obtenue chez 60 patients au bout de 4 mois en moyenne (extremes : 3 et 6 mois). Il y a eu 3 cas de pseudarthrose et 5 cas de migration de broches. Sur le plan fonctionnel; nous avons obtenu 15 tres bons resultats; 26 bons resultats; 19 resultats moyens et 3 mauvais resultats. Plus frequentes et plus communes des fractures du coude; les fractures de l'olecrane traitees par haubanage donnent de bons resultats

Posterior surgical approaches to the elbow: a simple method of comparison of the articular exposure.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Bilaterotricipital approach, triceps splitting and olecranon osteotomy are the three most common posterior approaches to the elbow. The aim of this study was to propose a simple technique to measure the exposure of distal articular surfaces of the humerus through these posterior surgical approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each approach was performed on ten cadaver elbows. After the completion of each approach, the visible articular surface was painted yellow. The elbow was then disarticulated. The unexposed articulated surface (by the approach) was painted blue. The painted surfaces were then wrapped using a net with meshes. The articular percentage of exposure was measured by calculating the mesh occupied by each painted surface. RESULTS: The median exposed articular surface for the bilaterotricipital approach, the triceps splitting and the olecranon osteotomy was 26, 37 and 52%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is easy to perform and is reproducible.

[The traffic elbow. A series of 9 cases]. / Le coude de portière. A propos de neuf observations.

"Traffic elbow" is a condition occurring when high energy trauma involves a patient's elbow resting on the window of the car or completely outside it. This is a prospective study over 30 months of 9 patients with "traffic elbow" and therefore sufferring complex open trauma to the elbow. There were 8 men and 1 woman with a median delay of 4 hours before arrival in hospital. The dominant member was affected in 3 cases. The severity of the lesions, using the Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS), was more than 7, comprising lesions corresponding to type 1 of the complex trauma of the superior member (TCMS) in 2 patients and a MESS score of between 3 and 6 corresponding to types 2 or 3 of the TCMS for the other 7 patients. The therapeutic possibilities are limited considering the frequent context of polytrauma. In 4 cases we performed a debridement and external humero-ulnar fixation, in 3 cases a debridement and stabilization with Kirschner's wires completed by a fenestrated cast, and in 2 cases a lifesaving amputation. All patients, except those that had had amputation, developed deep sepsis that resolved after adequate treatment. Assessment of the non-amputee patients according to the Mayo Performance Score, yielded more than 70% of bad results. The authors stress the gravity of these lesions whose prognosis is guarded both concerning mobility of the elbow and the frequent neurovascular complications.

[Femoral neck fracture complicating orthopedic reposition of a dislocated hip: four cases]. / Fracture du col fémoral compliquant la réduction orthopédique d'une luxation de hanche: á propos de 4 observations.

Posterior dislocation of the femoral head with fracture is an exceptional hip injury. Emergency reduction is required. Reposition into the acetabular cavity of the dislocated femoral head may not be feasible. Irreducibility, instability, and more rarely accidental fracture of the femoral neck may also occur. We encountered this latter complication in four patients and report here its frequency and mechanism and propose preventive therapeutic measures. Seventy dislocations and fracture-dislocations of the hip were treated in our unit from March 1997 to February 2003. Among these cases, fourteen hip dislocations were complicated by femoral head fractures. Fracture of the femoral neck occurred during reduction in four. All four cases occurred in men, mean age 49.7 years, who were traffic accident victims (drivers or passengers). There were two Pipkin IV fracture-dislocations and two Pipkin II. The first reduction, achieved under general anesthesia in an emergency setting, was performed by an orthopedic surgeon in one patient and a general surgeon in three patients. Arthroplasty was used to treat the femoral neck fracture in three patients and pinning in one. We reviewed retrospectively the clinical and imaging data before and after reduction. Sub-capital fracture situated 4.0 cm (mean, range 3.5-4.5 cm) from the lesser trochanter occurred in all four cases. The head remained attached above and posteriorly to the acetabulum and was rotated less than 90 degrees . The fragment remaining in the acetabulum was displaced in two cases. In one patient, the fracture-dislocation of the head was associated with a fracture of the posterior rim of the acetabulum. This complication appears to result from an abrupt inappropriate reduction movement. The neck fracture would occur when capsulomuscular retention of the femoral head is associated with a head defect which catches on the rim of the acetabulum during the reduction movement. Neck fracture during reduction of traumatic hip dislocation is a serious complication. Prevention of this iatrogenic event requires a slow, progressive reduction limiting the trauma to a minimum; first intention open surgery may be required in selected cases.