Bleeding recurrence risk among hospitalized patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange: a multi-center study.

BACKGROUND: In hospitalized patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), it is not known how TPE-associated bleeding risk is impacted by a prior bleeding episode. Therefore, to assess the prevalence and predictors of bleeding recurrence, we analyzed data from the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-III (REDS-III). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of REDS-III public use files, we identified hospitalized adults who had a major bleeding episode prior to their first TPE procedure. Patients were classified into two cohorts based on bleeding recurrence (no-recurrence vs recurrence). After identifying potential predictors, we used multiple imputation by chained equations to impute variables with <30% missing data. Variable selection was optimized using a 10-fold cross validated least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Final predictors were identified by fitting a logistic regression model. RESULTS: In 310 patients with major bleeding prior to TPE initiation, bleeding recurred in 121 (39.0%). We identified the following seven unique predictors: 1) >10 TPE procedures (OR 2.23); 2) intensive care unit stay (OR 1.35); 3) thrombocytopenia (OR 1.26); 4) surgery (OR 1.22); 5) hepatic disease (OR 1.21); 6) 6-10 TPE procedures (OR 1.04); and 7) Asian race (OR 1.01). We also identified the following five interactions: 1) surgery and therapeutic anticoagulation (OR 1.50); 2) 6-10 TPE procedures and therapeutic anticoagulation (OR 1.05); 3) 6-10 TPE procedures and antiplatelets (OR 1.02); 4) >10 TPE procedures and antiplatelets (OR 1.00); and 5) albumin-only TPE and antiplatelets (OR 0.53). When assessed for adjusted performance, the prediction model had a C-statistic of 0.617 (95% CI 0.613-0.619) and Brier Score of 0.342 (95% CI 0.340-0.347). DISCUSSION: In this study assessing predictors of bleeding recurrence among hospitalized patients undergoing TPE, we identified seven variables and five interactions. These findings should be validated in future studies.

Longitudinal pathways between maternal depression, parenting behaviors, and early childhood development: a mediation analysis.

Maternal depression is a global public health concern with far-reaching impacts on child development, yet our understanding of mechanisms remains incomplete. This study examined whether parenting mediates the association between maternal depression and child outcomes. Participants included 841 rural Pakistani mother-child dyads (50% female). Maternal depression was measured at 12 months postpartum, parenting behaviors (warmth, stimulation, and harsh parenting) were measured at 24 months, and child outcomes (mental health, socioemotional development, and cognitive skills) were measured at 36 months. Maternal depression predicted increased harsh parenting, child mental health difficulties, and child socioemotional concerns; however, there was little evidence for parenting as a mediator between maternal depression and child outcomes. Sex-stratified results are discussed, and findings are situated in context.

In hospitalized patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange, major bleeding prevalence depends on the bleeding definition: An analysis of The Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-III.

BACKGROUND: Major bleeding in patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been studied in large databases; but without standardizing bleeding definitions. Therefore, we used standardized definitions to evaluate major bleeding in hospitalized patients undergoing TPE using public use data files from the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-III (REDS-III). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a retrospective cross-sectional analysis, we identified TPE-treated adults in a first inpatient encounter. We evaluated major bleeding prevalence using (1) International Classification of Diseases (ICD) or Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, (2) packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion, or (3) hemoglobin (Hgb) decline. Patients with major bleeding prior to their first TPE were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: Among 779 patients undergoing TPE, major bleeding by at least one of the three bleeding definitions occurred in 135 patients (17.3%). For each of the ICD/CPT, PRBC, and Hgb definitions, the prevalence of major bleeding was 2.8% (n = 31), 7.4% (n = 81), and 5.4% (n = 59), respectively. Only 3.7% of bleeds (5/135) were captured by all three definitions and 19.3% (26/135) exclusively by any two pairwise definitions. The addition of PRBC transfusion and Hgb decline to ICD/CPT code definitions increased bleeding prevalence threefold. CONCLUSION: Among hospitalized adults undergoing TPE in the REDS-III study, the prevalence of major bleeding was 17.3%. The addition of PRBC and Hgb decline to ICD codes increased bleeding prevalence threefold. Future studies are needed to develop validated models that identify patients at risk for major bleeding during TPE.

In patients with suspected immune TTP, admission source impacts hospital length of stay and time to therapeutic plasma exchange impacts clinical outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: When immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is suspected, outcomes are impacted by time to therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). We evaluated the impact of time to TPE on outcomes in suspected TTP cases admitted through the Emergency Department (ED) vs. transferred from another facility (Transfer). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample, we examined the association between TTP outcomes and admission source (ED vs. Transfer) for the primary outcome of time to TPE. A second stratified analyses within each analytic group examined the association of time to TPE (<1 day, 1 day, 2 days, and >2 days) and outcomes for the composite outcome of mortality, major bleeding and thrombosis. RESULTS: Of 1195 cases, 793 (66 %) were admitted through the ED and 402 (34 %) were transferred. Compared to ED cases, Transfers had a longer hospital length of stay (14.69 vs. 16.65 days, p = 0.0060). For ED cases, TPE after >2 days was associated with higher odds of the composite outcome (OR = 1.68 95 % CI: 1.11-2.54; p = 0.0150) and mortality (OR = 3.01 95 % CI: 1.38-6.57; p = 0.0056). For Transfers, TPE on day 2 was associated with higher odds of the composite outcome (OR = 3.00 95 % CI: 1.31-6.89; p = 0.0096) and mortality (OR = 4.95 95 % CI: 1.12-21.88; p = 0.0350). CONCLUSIONS: In suspected TTP admitted through the ED or transferred, there was no significant difference in time to TPE. A longer time to TPE was associated with worse outcomes. Future studies should evaluate strategies to decrease initial time to TPE.