Osteolytic Lesions in a Sub-Adult Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta): A Case Report.

Osteolytic lesions in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) during rehabilitation are attributed to multiple causes, including gas embolism, hypothermia, and osteomyelitis due to bacterial or fungal infection. This study reports the appearance of osteolytic lesions in a sub-adult loggerhead sea turtle with involvement of the right fore and hind flippers, visible swelling of the elbow and knee joints, and accompanied by lameness after 45 days of rehabilitation. Radiographs and computed tomography revealed multiple lytic bone lesions. This was the fourth rehabilitation admission of the turtle after being accidentally captured by trawler ships (bycatch) in 2019, 2020, 2022, and 2023. Potential causes were dysbaric osteonecrosis due to a past decompression sickness event and hypothermia with osteomyelitis from bacterial infection. Blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing led to the isolation of Ewingella americana responsive to enrofloxacin. This study investigates extensive fore and hind flipper involvement in a sub-adult loggerhead turtle, aiming to determine causes and risk factors. The pathogenesis and significance of these lesions is discussed.

Classification of Sleep Quality and Aging as a Function of Brain Complexity: A Multiband Non-Linear EEG Analysis.

Understanding and classifying brain states as a function of sleep quality and age has important implications for developing lifestyle-based interventions involving sleep hygiene. Current studies use an algorithm that captures non-linear features of brain complexity to differentiate awake electroencephalography (EEG) states, as a function of age and sleep quality. Fifty-eight participants were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) and awake resting state EEG. Groups were formed based on age and sleep quality (younger adults n = 24, mean age = 24.7 years, SD = 3.43, good sleepers n = 11; older adults n = 34, mean age = 72.87; SD = 4.18, good sleepers n = 9). Ten non-linear features were extracted from multiband EEG analysis to feed several classifiers followed by a leave-one-out cross-validation. Brain state complexity accurately predicted (i) age in good sleepers, with 75% mean accuracy (across all channels) for lower frequencies (alpha, theta, and delta) and 95% accuracy at specific channels (temporal, parietal); and (ii) sleep quality in older groups with moderate accuracy (70 and 72%) across sub-bands with some regions showing greater differences. It also differentiated younger good sleepers from older poor sleepers with 85% mean accuracy across all sub-bands, and 92% at specific channels. Lower accuracy levels (<50%) were achieved in predicting sleep quality in younger adults. The algorithm discriminated older vs. younger groups excellently and could be used to explore intragroup differences in older adults to predict sleep intervention efficiency depending on their brain complexity.

Laboratory characterization of hydrothermally processed oligopeptides in ice grains emitted by Enceladus and Europa.

The Cassini mission provided evidence for a global subsurface ocean and ongoing hydrothermal activity on Enceladus, based on results from Cassini's mass spectrometers. Laboratory simulations of hydrothermal conditions on icy moons are needed to further constrain the composition of ejected ice grains containing hydrothermally altered organic material. Here, we present results from our newly established facility to simulate the processing of ocean material within the temperature range 80-150°C and the pressure range 80-130 bar, representing conditions suggested for the water-rock interface on Enceladus. With this new facility, we investigate the hydrothermal processing of triglycine (GGG) peptide and, for the first time, analyse the extracted samples using laser-induced liquid beam ion desorption (LILBID) mass spectrometry, a laboratory analogue for impact ionization mass spectrometry of ice grains in space. We outline an approach to elucidate hydrothermally processed GGG in ice grains ejected from icy moons based on characteristic differences between GGG anion and cation mass spectra. These differences are linked to hydrothermal processing and thus provide a fingerprint of hydrothermal activity on extraterrestrial bodies. These results will serve as important guidelines for biosignatures potentially obtained by a future Enceladus mission and the SUrface Dust Analyzer (SUDA) instrument onboard Europa Clipper. This article is part of the theme issue 'Dust in the Solar System and beyond'.

Risk factors for suicide reattempt: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Suicide is one of the main external causes of death worldwide. People who have already attempted suicide are at high risk of new suicidal behavior. However, there is a lack of information on the risk factors that facilitate the appearance of reattempts. The aim of this study was to calculate the risk of suicide reattempt in the presence of suicidal history and psychosocial risk factors and to estimate the effect of each individual risk factor. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. Studies on suicide reattempt that measured risk factors were searched from inception to 2022. The risk factors studied were those directly related to suicide history: history of suicide prior to the index attempt, and those that mediate the transition from suicidal ideation to attempt (alcohol or drug misuse, impulsivity, trauma, and non-suicidal self-injury). RESULTS: The initial search resulted in 11 905 articles. Of these, 34 articles were selected for this meta-analysis, jointly presenting 52 different effect sizes. The pooled effect size across the risk factors was significant (OR 2.16). Reattempt risk may be increased in presence of any of the following risk factors: previous history, active suicidal ideation, trauma, alcohol misuse, and drug misuse. However, impulsivity, and non-suicidal self-injury did not show a significant effect on reattempt. CONCLUSION: Most of the risk factors traditionally associated with suicide are also relevant when talking about suicide reattempts. Knowing the traits that define reattempters can help develop better preventive and intervention plans.

Emotional Intelligence and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Emotional Intelligence (EI), defined as the ability to perceive, identify, understand, and regulate emotional states is related to health outcomes. In this line, some studies examined this personal resource in the cancer area and, specifically, in breast cancer. Also, the different models and measures have led to a categorisation considering the various construct-method pairings of EI. Despite the increased number of studies about EI in the breast cancer context, there are no systematic reviews that summarise the results obtained in the different investigations. Objectives: Hence, the present review aims: to identify and describe the measures that have been used for assessing EI within this field, and to summarise the main results regarding EI in terms of its predictors and outcomes, considering the instruments used to assess it. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Database search was conducted in WOS, Scopus, Pubmed, and PSYCArticles. Results: A total of 156 articles were found and 21 met the eligibility criteria. On one hand, one of the most used instruments was the TMMS-24 framed within the self-report ability EI, followed by those framed within the self-report mixed EI. None of the studies measured EI by the performance-based ability EI perspective. On the other hand, EI was related to other variables such as psychological well-being, quality of life, resilience, workability, anxiety, and depression. The majority of the studies were cross-sectional, and some of them included an intervention. Conclusions: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing studies concerning EI in the context of breast cancer, highlighting some of its characteristics regarding design, participants, used measures, and related variables. Also, the obtained results can improve the clinical practice and the understanding of the EI as an influencing factor in the health and quality of life of breast cancer populations.

Trauma-related intrusive memories and anterior hippocampus structural covariance: an ecological momentary assessment study in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Trauma-related intrusive memories (TR-IMs) are hallmark symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but their neural correlates remain partly unknown. Given its role in autobiographical memory, the hippocampus may play a critical role in TR-IM neurophysiology. The anterior and posterior hippocampi are known to have partially distinct functions, including during retrieval of autobiographical memories. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TR-IM frequency and the anterior and posterior hippocampi morphology in PTSD. Ninety-three trauma-exposed adults completed daily ecological momentary assessments for fourteen days to capture their TR-IM frequency. Participants then underwent anatomical magnetic resonance imaging to obtain measures of anterior and posterior hippocampal volumes. Partial least squares analysis was applied to identify a structural covariance network that differentiated the anterior and posterior hippocampi. Poisson regression models examined the relationship of TR-IM frequency with anterior and posterior hippocampal volumes and the resulting structural covariance network. Results revealed no significant relationship of TR-IM frequency with hippocampal volumes. However, TR-IM frequency was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of a structural covariance pattern specifically associated with the anterior hippocampus volume. This association remained significant after accounting for the severity of PTSD symptoms other than intrusion symptoms. The network included the bilateral inferior temporal gyri, superior frontal gyri, precuneus, and fusiform gyri. These novel findings indicate that higher TR-IM frequency in individuals with PTSD is associated with lower structural covariance between the anterior hippocampus and other brain regions involved in autobiographical memory, shedding light on the neural correlates underlying this core symptom of PTSD.

Structures of the P. aeruginosa FleQ-FleN master regulators reveal large-scale conformational switching in motility and biofilm control.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause a wide array of chronic and acute infections associated with its ability to rapidly switch between planktonic, biofilm, and dispersed lifestyles, each with a specific arsenal for bacterial survival and virulence. At the cellular level, many of the physiological transitions are orchestrated by the intracellular second messenger c-di-GMP and its receptor-effector FleQ. A bacterial enhancer binding protein, FleQ acts as a master regulator of both flagellar motility and adherence factor secretion and uses remarkably different transcription activation mechanisms depending on its dinucleotide loading state, adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, interactions with polymerase sigma (σ) factors, and complexation with a second ATPase, FleN. How the FleQ-FleN tandem can exert diverse effects through recognition of a conserved FleQ binding consensus has remained enigmatic. Here, we provide cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of both c-di-GMP-bound and c-di-GMP-free FleQ-FleN complexes which deepen our understanding of the proteins' (di)nucleotide-dependent conformational switching and fine-tuned roles in gene expression regulation.

Confiabilidad y validez psicométrica del cuestionario sororidad aplicable a mujeres docentes en espacios universitarios / Reliability and psychometric validity of the sorority questionnaire applicable to female teachers in university settings

RESUMEN La sororidad es un concepto que posibilita la reflexión crítica y discusión constructiva de las formas en que las mujeres tejen relaciones sociales y generan interacciones. Actualmente, no existe un precedente de instrumento o escala para su medición, ya que los estudios realizados se han abordado con enfoque cualitativo, desde el nivel experiencial, fenomenológico. Es ahí la importancia de ampliar el diálogo y discusión teórica con un enfoque cuantitativo, sin reducir la experiencia humana a estándares paramétricos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue demostrar evidencia de confiabilidad y validez psicométrica de un instrumento respecto a la percepción femenina acerca del concepto de sororidad, en un contexto universitario, con la intención de que a partir de él se pueda realizar un análisis desde la perspectiva de género de las relaciones de las mujeres. El método se circunscribe a los parámetros estadísticos para su construcción y su evaluación. Se determinó la validez de contenido, mediante conversatorios, análisis teórico y la valoración de los ítems a través de expertos; la validez de constructo mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio, con las pruebas de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin y Bertlett; y la validez de confiabilidad, utilizando alfa de Cronbach. La muestra fue no probabilística, de inclusión continua y voluntaria, utilizando la técnica de la bola de nieve, conformada por 118 profesoras universitarias, de México. El instrumento mostró una confiabilidad global excelente (0.915), por lo que permitió medir la sororidad de un modo consistente y válido. Es recomendable su futura aplicación en otros contextos, ya que cuenta con las propiedades psicométricas necesarias.

ABSTRACT Sorority is a concept that enables critical reflection and constructive discussion of the ways in which women weave relationships and generate interactions. Currently, there is no precedent of an instrument or scale for its measurement, since the studies conducted have been approached with a qualitative focus, from the experiential, phenomenological level. Hence the importance of expanding the dialogue and theoretical discussion with a quantitative approach, without reducing human experience to parametric standards. The objective of this work was to demonstrate evidence of reliability and psychometric validity of an instrument regarding the female perception of the concept of sorority, in a university context, with the intention of being able to analyze women's relationships from a gender perspective. The method is circumscribed to the statistical parameters for its construction and evaluation. Content validity was determined by means of discussions, theoretical analysis, and the evaluation of the items by experts; construct validity was determined by means of an exploratory factor analysis, with the KaiserMeyer-Olkin and Bertlett tests; and reliability validity was determined using Cronbach's alpha. The sample was non-probabilistic, of continuous and voluntary inclusion, using the snowball technique, made up of 118 female university professors from Mexico. The results show that the instrument measures sorority in a consistent and valid way and is suitable for future application in other contexts since it has the necessary psychometric properties.

Erythropoietin-mediated cardioprotection in hearts subjected to ischemia reperfusion.

Several studies provide evidence that erythropoietin (EPO) could play an important role in the recovery of the heart subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. In this regard, it has been suggested that EPO could be involved in protein kinase B (Akt) activation as a cell survival protein. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of EPO on the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3ß) pathway in the presence or absence of wortmannin (W, Akt inhibitor) and its relationship with mitochondrial morphology and function preservation in ischemic-reperfused rat hearts. EPO improved the functional recovery of the heart subjected to ischemia-reperfusion, reduced the release of CK and the infarct size, and promoted preservation of the mitochondrial structure. Moreover, it reduced tissue lactate content and preserved glycogen in order to prevent ischemia. The results showed greater Akt activation, accompanied by preservation of swelling and mitochondrial calcium retention capacity, as well as an increase in ATP synthesis capacity. These results were accompanied by an inhibition of GSK-3ß, suggesting regulation of Akt on the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. All these beneficial effects exerted by acute treatment with EPO were prevented by W. The present study provided novel evidence that EPO not only enhances intrinsic activation of Akt during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion but also promotes GSK-3ß inhibition, contributing to mitochondrial structure and function preservation.

Nivel de conocimiento de Enfermería sobre manejo del catéter implantable del Hospital Pediátrico, Chaco 2022 / Level of nursing knowledge about the managementof the implantable catheter at the Pediatric Hospital, Chaco 2022

Introducción: el catéter implantable en pacientes pediátricos es uno de los elementos más usados e importantes, utilizados en tratamientos por plazos extendidos. Estos dispositivos son de incumbencia del área de enfermería en cuanto a su mantenimiento y cuidado, con su dominio se brinda confort y mayor seguridad al paciente. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimiento del profesional de enfermería sobre el manejo del catéter implantable en servicios de internación de un Hospital Pediátrico, Chaco, año 2022. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y observacional; población en estudio la totalidad del personal de enfermería del servicio de internación; se usó como instrumento de recolección de datos un cuestionario escrito, que contenía las variables sociodemográficas y de conocimientos de aspectos generales, conocimientos en la habilitación y mantenimiento del catéter implantable. Resultados: los resultados obtenidos en la investigación manifiestan un nivel regular de conocimientos en aspectos generales del catéter implantable, sin embargo, el nivel en cuanto a la habilitación y mantenimiento del dispositivo se apreció que fue bueno, con respecto al nivel de conocimiento en la habilitación y mantenimiento del catéter implantable según formación académica alcanzada del personal que trabajan en los servicios de internación, se observó que los licenciados en enfermería y especialista obtuvieron un mayor porcentaje en conocimiento bueno. Conclusión: se concluye que existen aspectos generales sobre el manejo del catéter implantable que requieren un refuerzo en los conocimientos por parte del personal de enfermería en pos de la mejora continua en el cuidado [AU]

Introduction: the implantable catheter in pediatric patients is one of the most used and important elements, used in treatments for extended periods. These devices are the responsibility of the nursing area in terms of their maintenance and care, with their control comfort and greater safety are provided to the patient. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of the nursing professional on the management of the implantable catheter in hospitalization services of a Pediatric Hospital, Chaco, year 2022. Methodology: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study; study population the entire nursing staff of the hospitalization service. A written questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument, which contained the sociodemographic variables and knowledge of general aspects, knowledge in the habilitation and maintenance of the implantable catheter. Results: the results obtained in the investigation show a regular level of knowledgein general aspects of the implantable catheter, however, the level[AU]

Introdução: o cateter implantável em pacientes pediátricos é um dos elementos mais utilizados e importantes, sendo utilizado em tratamentos por períodos prolongados. Esses aparelhos são de responsabilidade da área de enfermagem quanto a sua manutenção e cuidados, com seu controle seja proporcionado conforto e maior segurança ao paciente. Objetivo: determinar o nível de conhecimento do profissional de enfermagem sobre o manejo do cateter implantável nos serviços de internação de um Hospital Pediátrico, Chaco, ano 2022. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal e observacional; população do estudo toda a equipe de enfermagem do serviço de internação. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário escrito, que continha as variáveis sociodemográficas e conhecimentos sobre aspectos gerais, conhecimentos na habilitação e manutenção do cateter implantável. Resultados: os resultados obtidos na investigação mostram um nível regular de conhecimento em aspectos gerais do cateter implantável, no entanto, o nível quanto à qualificação e manutenção do dispositivo foi avaliado como bom, no que diz respeito ao nível de conhecimento na qualificação e manutenção do cateter implantável de acordo com a formação acadêmica alcançada pela equipe que atua nos serviços de internação, observouse que os graduados em enfermagem e especialistas obtiveram maior percentual de bom conhecimento. Conclusão: concluise que existem aspectos gerais sobre o manejo do cateter implantável que requerem um reforço de conhecimento por parte da equipe de enfermagem em busca da melhoria contínua na assistência[AU]

Lessons from mouse models in the impact of risk factors on the genesis of childhood B-cell leukemia.

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) stands as the primary contributor to childhood cancer-related mortality on a global scale. The development of the most conventional forms of this disease has been proposed to be conducted by two different steps influenced by different types of risk factors. The first step is led by a genetic insult that is presumably acquired before birth that transforms a healthy cell into a preleukemic one, which is maintained untransformed until the second step takes place. This necessary next step to leukemia development will be triggered by different risk factors to which children are exposed after birth. Murine models that recap the stepwise progression of B-ALL have been instrumental in identifying environmental and genetic factors that contribute to disease risk. Recent evidence from these models has demonstrated that specific environmental risk factors, such as common infections or gut microbiome dysbiosis, induce immune stress, driving the transformation of preleukemic cells, and harboring genetic alterations, into fully transformed leukemic cells. Such models serve as valuable tools for investigating the mechanisms underlying preleukemic events and can aid in the development of preventive approaches for leukemia in child. Here, we discuss the existing knowledge, learned from mouse models, of the impact of genetic and environmental risk factors on childhood B-ALL evolution and how B-ALL prevention could be reached by interfering with preleukemic cells.

Randomized evaluation of a school-based, trauma-informed group intervention for young women in Chicago.

This study explores whether a school-based group counseling program for adolescent girls, implemented at scale, can mitigate trauma-related mental health harms. In a randomized trial involving 3749 Chicago public high school girls, we find that participating in the program for 4 months induces a 22% reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and find significant decreases in anxiety and depression. Results surpass widely accepted cost-effectiveness thresholds, with estimated cost-utility well below $150,000 per quality adjusted life year. We find suggestive evidence that effects persist and may even increase over time. Our results provide the first efficacy trial of such a program specifically designed for girls, conducted in America's third largest city. These findings suggest the promise of school-based programs to mitigate trauma-related harms.

Estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes oncológicos de un hospital público. Corrientes año 2022 / Coping strategies in cancer patients from a public hospital. Corrientes year 2022

Las estrategias de afrontamiento ante el cáncer representan un proceso mediador ante las repercusiones de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes oncológicos que asisten a un hospital público de la ciudad de Corrientes en el año 2022. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal, observacional. La población fueron pacientes oncológicos que asistieron a un hospital público. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó cuestionario de modos de afrontamiento, desarrollado por Lazarus y Folkman, versión revisada, adaptado y modificado, compuesto por 67 ítems, asociados a las diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento. Resultados: La muestra se integró con 45 pacientes de 52 años en promedio; el 78% del sexo femenino mayoritariamente amas de casa, 64%; casadas/os el 69%. Niveles obtenidos de las estrategias- centradas en el problema- Nivel Bajo de aplicación el confrontamiento (56%) y Nivel Medio el Distanciamiento (51%). -En las estrategias centradas en la emoción- Nivel Medio de aplicación, la reevaluación positiva (67%) y Planificación 60%, el autocontrol (40%), seguidos por la búsqueda de apoyo social (44%), aceptación de la responsabilidad (44%), huida-Evitación (38%). Conclusiones: El confrontamiento fue la estrategia que presentó el porcentaje más destacado en el nivel bajo aplicación y el distanciamiento el nivel alto más frecuente. Es fundamental destacar la importancia de identificar la estrategia de afrontamiento utilizado por los pacientes oncológicos ya que dichos estados emocionales influyen en la salud de manera directa ya sea en el funcionamiento fisiológico, el reconocimiento de síntomas, la búsqueda de atención oportuna[AU]

Cancer coping strategies represent a mediating process in the face of the repercussions of the disease. Objective: Identify coping strategies in cancer patients attending a public hospital in the city of Corrientes in the year 2022. Methodology: Descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional, observational study. The population were cancer patients who attended a public hospital. For the data collection, a questionnaire of coping modes was used, developed by Lazarus and Folkman, revised, adapted and modified version, composed of 67 items, associated with the different coping strategies. Results: The sample was made up of 45 patients with an average age of 52; 78% of the female sex, mostly housewives, 64%; 69% married. Levels obtained from the strategies - focused on the problem - Low Level of application of confrontation (56%) and Medium Level of Distancing (51%). -In the strategies focused on emotion- Medium level of application, positive reappraisal (67%) and Planning 60%, self-control (40%), followed by the search for social support (44%), acceptance of responsibility (44%), flight-avoidance (38%). Conclusions: The confrontation was the strategy that presented the most outstanding percentage in the low application level and the distancing the most frequent high level. It is essential to highlight the importance of identifying the coping strategy used by cancer patients since these emotional states directly influence health, be it physiological functioning, recognition of symptoms, the search for timely care[AU]

As estratégias de enfrentamento do câncer representam um processo mediador diante das repercussões da doença. Objetivo: Identificar estratégias de enfrentamento em pacientes oncológicos atendidos em um hospital público da cidade de Corrientes no ano de 2022. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, transversal, observacional. A população foi pacientes oncológicos atendidos em um hospital público. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário de modos de enfrentamento, desenvolvido por Lazarus e Folkman, versão revisada, adaptada e modificada, composto por 67 itens, associados às diferentes estratégias de enfrentamento. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 45 pacientes com idade média de 52 anos; 78% do sexo feminino, principalmente donas de casa, 64%; 69% casados. Níveis obtidos das estratégias - focadas no problema - Baixo Nível de aplicação de enfrentamento (56%) e Médio Nível de Distanciamento (51%). -Nas estratégias focadas na emoção- Nível médio de aplicação, reavaliação positiva (67%) e Planejamento 60%, autocontrole (40%), seguido da busca de apoio social (44%), aceitação de responsabilidade (44%), evitação de voos (38%). Conclusões: O confronto foi a estratégia que apresentou maior percentual de destaque no nível baixo de aplicação e o distanciamento o nível alto mais frequente. É fundamental destacar a importância da identificação da estratégia de enfrentamento utilizada pelo paciente oncológico, pois esses estados emocionais influenciam diretamente na saúde, seja no funcionamento fisiológico, no reconhecimento de sintomas, na busca por atendimento oportuno[AU]

In utero torsion of an accessory hepatic lobe mimicking a congenital tumor.

Accessory hepatic lobes are rare anatomic variants connected to the liver by a fibrous stalk or parenchymal attachments. They are usually detected incidentally, but torsion is a rare complication. Here, we report torsion of an accessory hepatic lobe occurring in utero with a focus on the MRI findings. The lesion mimicked a congenital tumor, and we provide potential clues that may have narrowed the differential diagnosis prior to surgical exploration.

The effectiveness and safety of antibody induction immunosuppression in a large cohort of United States pediatric liver transplant recipients.

Data on the potential benefits and risks of induction therapy in pediatric liver transplantation (LT) are limited. This was a retrospective cohort study of 2748 pediatric LT recipients at 26 children's hospitals between January 1, 2006 to May 31, 2017 using data from the pediatric health information system linked to the United Network for Organ Sharing database. The induction regimen was obtained from the pediatric health information system day-by-day pharmacy resource utilization. Cox proportional hazards evaluated the association of induction regimen (none/corticosteroid-only, nondepleting, and depleting) on patient and graft survival. Additional outcomes, including opportunistic infections and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, were studied using multivariable logistic regression. Overall, 64.9% received none/corticosteroid-only induction, whereas 28.1% received nondepleting, 8.3% received depleting, and 2.5% other antibody regimens. Differences in patient characteristics were small, but center practices were heterogeneous. Compared with none/corticosteroid-only induction, nondepleting induction was associated with reduced acute rejection (odd ratio [OR], 0.53; P <.001) but with the increased posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (OR, 1.75; P =.021). Depleting induction was associated with improved graft survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; P =.028) but with increased noncytomegalovirus opportunistic infections (OR, 1.46; P =.046). Depleting induction is underused yet may offer long-term benefits in this large multicenter cohort. Greater consensus guidance in this aspect of pediatric LT care is warranted.

Overview of Systematic Reviews of Health Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Children.

(1) Background: The importance of studying the health interventions used to prevent and treat overweight and obesity in school-aged children is imperative. This overview aimed to summarize systematic reviews that assess the effects of school-based, family, and mixed health interventions for preventing and treating overweight and obesity in school-aged children. (2) Methods: The Cochrane Collaboration methodology and PRISMA statement were followed. A search was conducted using terms adapted to 12 databases. Systematic reviews reporting interventions in children from six to 12 years old with an outcome related to preventing or treating obesity and overweight were included. Studies with pharmacological or surgical interventions and adolescents were excluded. (3) Results: A total of 15,226 registers were identified from databases and citation searching. Of those, ten systematic reviews published between 2013 and 2022 were included. After the overlap, 331 interventions for children between 6 and 12 years old were identified, and 61.6% involved physical activity and nutrition/diet intervention. Multicomponent intervention, combining physical activity with nutrition and behavioral change, school-based plus community-based interventions may be more effective in reducing overweight and obesity in children. (4) Conclusions: Plenty of interventions for childhood overweight and obesity aimed at prevention and treatment were identified, but there is a gap in the methodological quality preventing the establishment of a certain recommendation.

Risk of suicide attempt repetition after an index attempt: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the risk of suicide attempt repetition among individuals with an index attempt. It also aims to study the role of risk factors and prevention programme in repetition. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in keeping with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies on attempt repetition (both cohort studies and intervention studies) were searched from inception to 2022. RESULTS: A total of 110 studies comprising 248,829 attempters was reviewed. The overall repetition rate was 0.20 (0.17, 0.22). Repetition risk linearly increased over time. A higher risk of attempt repetition was associated with female sex and index attempts in which self-cutting methods were used. Moreover, a mental disorder diagnosis was associated with an increasing repetition risk (OR = 2.02, p < .01). The delivery of a preventive programme reduced the repetition risk, OR = 0.76, p < .05; however, this effect was significant for psychotherapy interventions, OR = 0.38, p < .01. CONCLUSION: One in five suicide attempters will engage in a new suicide attempt. An elevated repetition risk is associated with being female, more severe index methods and psychiatric disorder diagnosis. Preventive programmes, particularly psychotherapy, may contribute to reducing repetition risk and eventually save lives.

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become fragile due to low bone density and impaired bone quality. This results in fractures that lead to higher morbidity and reduced quality of life. Osteoporosis is considered a major public health concern worldwide. For this reason, preventive measurements need to be addressed throughout the life course. Exercise and a healthy diet are among the lifestyle factors that can help prevent the disease, the latter including intake of key micronutrients for bone, such as calcium and vitamin D. The evidence on whether supplementation with calcium and vitamin D improves bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women is still inconclusive. In this age group, bone accrual is considered to be the goal of supplementation, so BMD is relevant for the future stages of life. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the benefits and harms of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, alone or in combination, to increase the BMD, reduce fractures, and report the potential adverse events in healthy premenopausal women compared to placebo. SEARCH METHODS: We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search was 12 April 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials in healthy premenopausal women (with or without calcium or vitamin D deficiency) comparing supplementation of calcium or vitamin D (or both) at any dose and by any route of administration versus placebo for at least three months. Vitamin D could have been administered as cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) or ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane methods. Outcomes included total hip bone mineral density (BMD), lumbar spine BMD, quality of life, new symptomatic vertebral fractures, new symptomatic non-vertebral fractures, withdrawals due to adverse events, serious adverse events, all reported adverse events and additional withdrawals for any reason. MAIN RESULTS: We included seven RCTs with 941 participants, of whom 138 were randomised to calcium supplementation, 110 to vitamin D supplementation, 271 to vitamin D plus calcium supplementation, and 422 to placebo. Mean age ranged from 18.1 to 42.1 years. Studies reported results for total hip or lumbar spine BMD (or both) and withdrawals for various reasons, but none reported fractures or withdrawals for adverse events or serious adverse events. Results for the reported outcomes are presented for the three comparisons: calcium versus placebo, vitamin D versus placebo, and calcium plus vitamin D versus placebo. In all comparisons, there was no clinical difference in outcomes, and the certainty of the evidence was moderate to low. Most studies were at risk of selection, performance, detection, and reporting biases. Calcium versus placebo Four studies compared calcium versus placebo (138 participants in the calcium group and 123 in the placebo group) with mean ages from 18.0 to 47.3 years. Calcium supplementation may have little to no effect on total hip or lumbar spine BMD after 12 months in three studies and after six months in one study (total hip BMD: mean difference (MD) -0.04 g/cm2, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.11 to 0.03; I2 = 71%; 3 studies, 174 participants; low-certainty evidence; lumbar spine BMD: MD 0 g/cm2, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.06; I2 = 71%; 4 studies, 202 participants; low-certainty evidence). Calcium alone supplementation does not reduce or increase the withdrawals in the trials (risk ratio (RR) 0.78, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.16; I2 = 0%; 4 studies, 261 participants: moderate-certainty evidence). Vitamin D versus placebo Two studies compared vitamin D versus placebo (110 participants in the vitamin D group and 79 in the placebo group), with mean ages from 18.0 to 32.7 years. These studies reported lumbar spine BMD as a mixture of MDs and percent of change and we were unable to pool the results. In the original studies, there were no differences in lumbar BMD between groups. Vitamin D alone supplementation does not reduce or increase withdrawals for any reason between groups (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.19; moderate-certainty evidence). Calcium plus vitamin D versus placebo Two studies compared calcium plus vitamin D versus placebo (271 participants in the calcium plus vitamin D group and 270 in the placebo group; 220 participants from Woo 2007 and 50 participants from Islam 2010). The mean age range was 18.0 to 36 years. These studies measured different anatomic areas, one study reported total hip BMD and the other study reported lumbar spine BMD; therefore, data were not pooled for this outcome. The individual studies found no difference between groups in percent of change on total hip BMD (-0.03, 95% CI -0.06 to 0; moderate-certainty evidence), and lumbar spine BMD (MD 0.01, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.03; moderate-certainty evidence). Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation may not reduce or increase withdrawals for any reason (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.29 to 2.35; I2 = 72%; 2 studies, 541 participants; low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support the isolated or combined use of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in healthy premenopausal women as a public health intervention to improve BMD in the total hip or lumbar spine, and therefore it is unlikely to have a benefit for the prevention of fractures (vertebral and non-vertebral). The evidence found suggests that there is no need for future studies in the general population of premenopausal women; however, studies focused on populations with a predisposition to diseases related to bone metabolism, or with low bone mass or osteoporosis diagnosed BMD would be useful.

BioBlocksLab: A portable DIY Bio Lab using BioBlocks language.

Standard molecular biology laboratories are usually made with complex, sophisticated, and expensive equipment. Unfortunately, most of these labs are not affordable for everyone. In this paper, we show how we built a portable bio lab BioBlocksLab, made of four modules: a centrifuge, a thermocycler, electrophoresis, and an incubator. We also propose a new version of a blockly programming language to describe experimental lab protocols, called BioBlocks 2.0, which is based on the Microsoft MakeCode platform from the open-source project Microsoft Programming Experience Toolkit (PXT). We run BioBlocks programs of real lab protocols to control different hardware modules with biological reagents and get positive results. We offer an easy, affordable, and open-source way for everyone to do experiments with Do-It-Yourself (DIY) portable bio-labs.

An anti-EGFR antibody-drug conjugate overcomes resistance to HER2-targeted drugs.

Trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that was approved in 2013 to treat HER2+ breast cancer. Despite its efficacy in the clinic, some patients exhibit intrinsic or acquired resistance to such ADC. To characterize mechanisms of resistance to T-DM1, we isolated several HER2+ resistant clones derived from the HCC1954 HER2+ cell line. The isolated clones were different as per their transcriptomic profiles. However, all the T-DM1-resistant clones showed decreased HER2 levels. Yet, the clones were still oncogenically dependent on HER2, as indicated by knock down experiments. The decrease in HER2 expression caused acquired resistance to T-DM1 and to other anti-HER2 therapies. Antibody array analyses showed that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was expressed in these T-DM1-resistant HCC1954 clones. Indeed, therapies targeting EGFR, particularly cetuximab-DM1, demonstrated a strong anti-proliferative action on cells with acquired resistance to T-DM1 and HER2 loss. The expression of EGFR in cells resistant to T-DM1 offers the possibility of using therapies directed to this receptor to combat resistance to anti-HER2 drugs and loss of HER2 overexpression.