Yeast culture volatiles as attractants for Rhodnius prolixus: electroantennogram responses and captures in yeast-baited traps.

Responses to air currents carrying volatiles from yeast cultures were measured by means of electroantennograms (EAGs) in the haematophagous bug Rhodnius prolixus and we tested yeast-baited traps in the laboratory. The volatiles liberated by yeast cultures generated a clear electrophysiological response, much higher than that obtained during stimulation with clean air. The addition of yeast cultures to the traps dramatically increased overnight capture. A modification performed on the traps was effective for this species, as the bugs were immobilised once they fell into the device. Our results demonstrate that yeast culture volatiles are attractive for R. prolixus. The results obtained by means of electroantennogram techniques represent the first electrophysiological evidence of the perception of yeast volatiles by the antennae of a triatomine bug. We discuss the relevance of our results in view of currently used sampling techniques and control strategies.

Existence of a sex pheromone in Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): II. Electrophysiological correlates.

The stimulus provided by a copulating pair of Triatoma infestans significantly affects the electrical activity of the nervous system of Triatoma infestans. Electrophysiological recordings were performed on stationary adult males presented with stimuli of an air current carrying odors from males, females, non-copulating pairs and mating pairs. The electrophysiological response was characterized by the low frequency occurrence of biphasic compound impulses. A significant increase in the frequency of the impulses occurred in stationary males when exposed to air currents of mating pairs, when compared to that evoked by a clean air stream. Analysis of the time course of the assays, showed that the electrophysiological activity during the copula was higher than prior to or after copula. The electrophysiological evidence presented here strongly supports the existence of pheromone(s) released by one or both sexes during mating and which is perceived by male chemoreceptors located on the antennae.

[Seven-year experience with microsurgery]. / Experiencia de siete años de microcirugía.

From 700 laparoscopies performed, in 600 of them (85.7%) the tuboperitoneal factor was altered. Surgery included: termino-terminal plastia 70 cases (36%), (3 patients had previous plastia); adhensiolysis 62 (31%), salpingostomy 48 (24%), neoimplantation 10 (5%), and mixed surgery 9 (4%). After surgery, desertion was present in 78 patients. Of the 121 remaining, 34 (28.1%) had primary sterility and 87 (71.9%) secondary sterility. 74 patients (61.2%) obtained pregnancy, 62 (83.8%) reached term, seven were abortions of first trimester (9.5%) and were five ectopic pregnancies (6.7%). The interval between surgery and pregnancy achievement was 1 to 48 months, 12.8 months average. We emphasize the 47 patients analysis who didn't has pregnancy, through: remark time after surgery, histerosalpingography, new laparoscopy and reevaluation of sterility factors; the results were: 19 cases (40.5%) have a 5 to 60 months time after surgery, 19.5 months average, 18 (38.3%) had new tubary obstruction, three (6.4%) with endometriosis treatment, three (6.4%) have tuberculosis genital treatment, two (4.2%) with falling again endocrine-ovarian factor, and two (4.2%) with masculine relapse. A decease was present because anesthetic complication. We underline selection surgery criterion and a strictly evaluation, such as an antiadhesion pre, trans and postoperative regime, ligamentopexya of rounds ligaments and a conscious education of the patients in their strictly pursuit.

Chronopharmacology of melatonin: inhibition by benzodiazepine antagonism.

We endeavored to determine whether three behavioral effects of melatonin in rodents, i.e., depression of locomotor activity in hamsters, analgesia in mice, and impairment of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP) convulsions, exhibited the time dependency known to occur for several neuroendocrine effects of the hormone. Activity was monitored and registered by means of an optical actometer, and analgesia was assessed by the hot-plate procedure. Locomotor activity, analgesia, and seizure susceptibility were maximal at the beginning of the scotophase and minimal at noon. The effects of melatonin on the three parameters peaked at early night. The administration of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil, although unable by itself to modify locomotor activity, pain, or seizure threshold, blunted the activity of melatonin. These results suggest that the time-dependent effects of melatonin on specific rodent behaviors may be mediated by central synapses employing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as an inhibitory transmitter.

[The use of prostaglandins for labor conduction in its latent phase]. / Empleo de prostaglandinas para la conducción del trabajo de parto en su fase latente.

We wanted to know enprostil efficacy, an E2 prostaglandin analogous as a labor conductor in it's latent phase in term pregnancies. 188 patients were included, 52% received intracervical enprostil and 48% were treated with oxytocin. The labor evolution, resolution and complications were watch over. 15 patients (15.6%) of the study group required labor conduction with oxytocin because it was inhibited after peridural anesthesia. The main pregnancy resolution was vaginal via; only 6.3% of the study group subjected cesarean section against 10.3% of the witness group and the most frecuent indication was stationary dilation (1 and 8 cases respectively). The time of the latent phase and total labor was lower statistically in the study group. The observed complications were post-labor hemorrhage (3.1%), polysystolia (4.1%) and vomiting (5.2%), without significant difference with the witness group. We conclude that intracervical enprostil help cervical mature. shortenning latent phase and total labor, disminish oxytocin requeriment and cesarean incidence by cervical alterations without compromise maternal-fetal morbi-mortality.

Time-dependent anticonvulsant activity of melatonin in hamsters.

The objective of the present study was to assess whether the anticonvulsant activity of melatonin displays diurnal variability in hamsters. Convulsions were induced by administering 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP). There was a significant diurnal variation in 3-MP-induced convulsions, hamsters being more prone to exhibit seizures during the night than during the day. Melatonin (50 mg/kg i.p.) had a maximal anticonvulsive effect in the early evening (20:00 h). The administration at 20:00 h of the central-type benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788, although unable by itself to modify seizure threshold, blunted the anticonvulsant response to melatonin. The results indicate that the time-dependent anticonvulsant activity of melatonin is sensitive to central-type benzodiazepine antagonism.

Time-dependent melatonin analgesia in mice: inhibition by opiate or benzodiazepine antagonism.

The aim of this study was to determine whether melatonin-induced analgesia in mice exhibits the time dependency known to occur for several other effects of the hormone, and to analyze to what extent the activity of melatonin can be inhibited by the opiate antagonist naloxone or the central-type benzodiazepine (BZP) antagonist Ro 15-1788. Analgesia was assessed with the hot plate procedure. There was a significant diurnal variation in the pain threshold, with an increase in latency during the dark phase of the daily photo period. Melatonin (20-40 mg/kg i.p.) exhibited maximal analgesic effects at late evening (20:00 h). The administration of naloxone or Ro 15-1788 at 20:00 h, although unable by themselves to modify pain threshold, blunted the analgesic response to melatonin. Significant increases in the latency of the hot plate response were found after diazepam injection, an effect blocked by Ro 15-1788 or naloxone. These results indicate that time-dependent melatonin analgesia is sensitive to opioid or central-type BZP antagonism.

[Tumor of the ovarian juvenile granulose cells. Presentation of a case with an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study]. / Tumor de células de la granulosa juvenil del ovario. Presentación de un caso con estudio inmunohistoquímico y ultraestructural.

Female, 5 years old; first pregnancy of term, eutocic, weight 3,100 g; breast fed, complete vaccination program. A bronchial pathology that was present seven months later, yielded with medical treatment. Her illness started on September, 1984 after sever trauma by horse kick, presenting with a tumor in left illiac fossa; there was pain, improved by analgesics; the tumor continued to grow up to 5 x 6 cm in diameter, painful on palpation, causing hospital admission. Thirty days later an ultrasonographic study reported an ovoid echogenic and echolucid mass of 6.5 cm in left ovary; an infra-umbilical laparotomy was performed, finding a left ovarian tumarration, ovoid, pink white, with vascular areas, 24 x 18 x 15 cm at maximal diameters, solid, smooth and bright; at section there was gray-white, nodular tissue, with cystic cavities, 0.5 cm. Electronic microscopy an immunochemistry study were carried out in order to confirm the diagnosis of juvenile granulosa cell tumor. The patient died seven months later.

Inercia uterina postparto.Analisis de 50 casos. / Postpartum uterine inertia Report of 50 cases

Se estudiaron 50 casos de inercia uterina atendidos en el Hospital de la Mujer de la Secretaria de Salubridad y Asistencia. Se analizaron edad, paridad, factores predisponentes, evolucion y tratamiento. La frecuencia fue mayor en los grupos de menor edad y de menor numero de embarazos, lo cual no concuerda con lo informado en otros estudios. Los principales factores predisponentes fueron el trabajo de parto prolongado (34 por ciento), el uso inadecuado de ocitocicos (26 por ciento) y la toxemia (24 por ciento). En la mayoria de los casos la inercia ocurrio en el puerperio inmediato de un parto eutocico. Cuando no hubo respuesta al tratamiento tradicional con ocitocitos, se reccurrio a la histerectomia como ultimo recurso terapeutico (19 casos). La mortalidad materno global fue del 14 por ciento (siete casos) y ocurrio principalmente en pacientes sometidos a histerectomia (seis casos) posiblemente por la indicacion tardia de la intervencion