A New Species of Cosmocerca Diesing, 1861 (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Elachistocleis haroi Pereyra, Akmentins, Laufer, and Vaira, 2013 (Amphibia: Microhylidae) from South American Chaco.

PURPOSE: Cosmocercids are common nematodes that parasitize the digestive tract and lungs of amphibians and reptiles around the world. They are commonly found in leptodactylid and bufonid anurans in South America, primarily in Brazil and Argentina. This paper describes a new species of genus Cosmocerca based on specimens collected in a microhylid from the Dry Chaco ecoregion. METHODS: A total of 18 specimens of Elachistocleis haroi were collected in October 2011 in Chaco province and in December 2021 and March 2022 in Formosa province, Argentina, both areas of the Dry Chaco ecoregion. The morphology of the nematodes was studied in detail using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-one nematodes were collected from the large intestines of E. haroi. Based on the morphology of the caudal papillae (rosette papillae and plectanes), the presence of two spicules and the absence of caudal alae in males, and the presence of two prodelphic ovaries in females, these specimens were allocated to the genus Cosmocerca. However, they presented unique characteristics that differentiate them from all known species. Cosmocerca wichiorum sp. nov. is similar to C. archeyi, C. australis, C. sardiniae, C. zugi, and C. leytensis by having four pairs of plectanes, but can be easily distinguished from all of them by the type, number, and arrangement of the precloacal (non-plectanes), adcloacal and postcloacal papillae, by the length of the spicules and by its different zoogeographical distribution. CONCLUSION: This is the 14th species of the genus Cosmocerca described in South America and the first one for the microhylid E. haroi from the Dry Chaco ecoregion.

DO ENVIRONMENTAL AND HOST VARIABLES INFLUENCE THE PARASITE COMMUNITY OF LEPTODACTYLUS FUSCUS (ANURA: LEPTODACTYLIDAE) IN THE AMAZON REGION?

Leptodactylus fuscus is a small-sized species widely distributed across South America. However, so far, no works have been addressed to analyze if biotic and abiotic factors may influence the parasite community in this species. Thus, the present work aims to describe the composition and structure of the parasite community and evaluate if biotic and environmental factors correlated to the distribution of the parasite community for this host. We collected 36 L. fuscus specimens from February 2018 to January 2019. The hosts were necropsied, and parasites were collected and identified. To test the effect of environmental variables (temperature, humidity, and precipitation) and morphological characters of the host (snout-vent length and body weight) on helminths of L. fuscus we used a multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR). We found 10 helminth taxa: Aplectana sp., Aplectana membranosa, Cosmocercidae larvae, Mesocoelium sp., Mesocoelium aff. monas, Mesocoelium aff. sociale, Oswaldocruzia sp., Oxyascaris sp., Ortleppascaris sp. larvae, and Schrankiana formosula. In our study, the helminth community showed an aggregate pattern, and we did not observe a statistically significant correlation of body size and mass of the hosts regarding parasite abundance and richness. Thus, this study represents the first report of M. sociale, A. membranosa, and Ortleppascaris sp. larvae for L. fuscus and new locality reports. We conclude that there is no correlation between variables analyzed and the structure and composition of the parasite community of L. fuscus.

Sexuality in Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Exploratory Study Using Thematic Analysis.

This qualitative cross sectional study seeks to explore the perceptions of emerging adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus regarding the impact of this disease on their Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) using thematic analysis on the answers of 59 participants. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia during sexual activity, the use of insulin pump and the interconnection between an individual and the interpersonal impact of this illness were identified as crucial. This sample perceives their clinical condition as influential in their SRH and highlights the role of romantic partners in promoting their health and well-being.