Family refusal of skin donation for transplantation: trends and associated factors.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the trends and factors associated with family refusal of skin donation for transplantation. METHODS: this cross-sectional study was conducted in the State of São Paulo, with family authorization terms collected from 2001 to 2020. The variables analyzed included year, age, gender, cause of death, and type of institution. Data were analyzed using linear and multiple logistic regression, with the Odds Ratio estimated at p<0.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS: 1,355 individuals refused skin donation. The trend of refusals decreased between 2001 and 2009 in the age groups of 0-11 years and 12-19 years, but increased in the group aged ≥60 years. This trend continued to decrease in the 0-11 years group from 2010 to 2020, and increased in the 20-40 years group. Males and the age groups of 20-40 years, 41-59 years, and ≥60 years exhibited 27%, 34%, 47%, and 53% lower chances of refusal, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: there is an urgent need for measures to mitigate the high number of refusals associated with skin donation.

Recusa familiar para doação de córneas para transplante: fatores associados e tendência / Negativa familiar para donación de córneas para trasplante: factores asociados y tendencia / Family refusal to donate a cornea for transplantation: associated factors and trends

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a recusa familiar de doação de córnea para transplante em uma Organização de Procura de Órgãos. Métodos Estudo quantitativo do tipo transversal sobre as recusas de córnea de doadores em situação de morte encefálica. A fonte de dados foi constituída pelos Termos de Autorização de Doação de Órgãos e Tecidos firmados entre janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2020 em uma Organização de Procura de Órgãos. Os dados foram coletados, tabulados e analisados de forma descritiva e inferencial. O presente estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados Dos 2.447 Termos de Autorização de Doação de Órgãos e Tecidos firmados no período, 620 (25.34%) recusaram a doação de córneas. Com relação à tendência temporal de recusas de doação de córneas, o único período que apresentou significância foi de 2001 a 2009, quando as faixas etárias de zero a 11 anos e 12 a 19 anos demonstraram tendência decrescente, e a faixa etária maior ou igual a 60 anos, mostrou-se crescente. No período total de 2001 a 2020, as faixas etárias dos 20 a 40 anos, 41 a 59 anos e maior ou igual a 60 anos apresentaram, 48%, 59% e 73%, respectivamente, menores chances de recusa da doação de córneas. Conclusão A faixa etária apresentou associação com a recusa, tendo em vista que os indivíduos de maior idade apresentaram maiores índices.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la negativa familiar de donación de córneas para trasplante en una Organización de Búsqueda de Órganos. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo tipo transversal sobre la negativa de córnea de donantes en situación de muerte encefálica. La fuente de datos estuvo compuesta por los Términos de Autorización de Donación de Órganos y Tejidos firmados entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2020 en una Organización de Búsqueda de Órganos. Se recopilaron los datos, luego se tabularon y se analizaron de forma descriptiva e inferencial. El presente estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados De los 2447 Términos de Autorización de Donación de Órganos y Tejidos firmados en el período, 620 (25,34 %) negaron la donación de córneas. Con relación a la tendencia temporal de negativas de donación de córneas, el único período que presentó significación fue de 2001 a 2009, cuando los grupos de edad de 0 a 11 años y de 12 a 19 años demostraron una tendencia decreciente, y el grupo de edad mayor o igual a 60 años se mostró creciente. En el período total de 2001 a 2020, los grupos de edad de 20 a 40 años, de 41 a 59 años y mayor o igual a 60 años presentaron un 48 %, un 59 % y un 73 %, respectivamente, menor probabilidad de negativa de donación de córneas. Conclusión El grupo de edad presentó relación con la negativa, considerando que los individuos de mayor edad presentan mayores índices.

Abstract Objective To analyze family refusals to donate a cornea for transplantation in an Organ Procurement Organization. Methods This was a quantitative cross-sectional study on corneal donation refusals from potential brain-dead donors. The data source was based on the Terms of Authorization for Donation of Organs and Tissues signed from January 2001 to December 2020 in an Organ Procurement Organization. Data were collected, tabulated, and analyzed in a descriptive and inferential manner. The present study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results Of the 2,447 Terms of Authorization for Donation of Organs and Tissues signed in the above period, 620 (25.34%) of them refused to donate a cornea. Regarding the time trend of corneal donation refusals, the period 2001-2009 was the only one that showed significance, when the 0-11 and 12-19 age groups showed a decreasing trend and that of 60 years or older showed an increasing trend. In the period 2001-2020, the age groups of 20-40, 41-59, and 60 years or older had lower rates of refusal to donate a cornea (48%, 59%, and 73%, respectively). Conclusion The age group is associated with refusal because older individuals had the highest refusal rates.

Family refusal of skin donation for transplantation: trends and associated factors / Rechazo familiar de donación de piel para trasplante: tendencias y factores asociados / Recusa familiar de doação de pele para transplante: tendência e fatores associados

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the trends and factors associated with family refusal of skin donation for transplantation. Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted in the State of São Paulo, with family authorization terms collected from 2001 to 2020. The variables analyzed included year, age, gender, cause of death, and type of institution. Data were analyzed using linear and multiple logistic regression, with the Odds Ratio estimated at p<0.05 for statistical significance. Results: 1,355 individuals refused skin donation. The trend of refusals decreased between 2001 and 2009 in the age groups of 0-11 years and 12-19 years, but increased in the group aged ≥60 years. This trend continued to decrease in the 0-11 years group from 2010 to 2020, and increased in the 20-40 years group. Males and the age groups of 20-40 years, 41-59 years, and ≥60 years exhibited 27%, 34%, 47%, and 53% lower chances of refusal, respectively. Conclusions: there is an urgent need for measures to mitigate the high number of refusals associated with skin donation.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la tendencia y los factores asociados al rechazo familiar de la donación de piel para trasplante. Métodos: estudio transversal desarrollado en el Estado de São Paulo con los términos de autorización familiar firmados entre 2001 y 2020. Las variables analizadas fueron: año, edad, sexo, causa del deceso y tipo de institución. Los datos fueron analizados mediante regresión lineal y logística múltiple, con la estimación del Odds Ratio, adoptando p<0,05 como significancia estadística. Resultados: 1.355 individuos rechazaron la donación de piel. La tendencia de rechazos fue decreciente (2001-2009) en los grupos de edad de 0-11 años y de 12-19 años, y creciente en el grupo de ≥60 años. La tendencia siguió siendo decreciente (2010-2020) en el grupo de edad de 0-11 años y creciente en el de 20-40 años. El género masculino y los grupos de edad de 20-40 años, 41-59 años y ≥60 años presentaron, respectivamente, 27%, 34%, 47% y 53% menos probabilidades de rechazo. Conclusiones: es urgente la necesidad de medidas que busquen mitigar el alto número de rechazos asociados a la donación de piel.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a tendência e os fatores associados à recusa familiar de doação de pele para transplante. Métodos: estudo transversal desenvolvido no Estado de São Paulo com os termos de autorização familiar firmados entre 2001 e 2020. As variáveis analisadas foram: ano, idade, sexo, causa do óbito e tipo da instituição. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão linear e logística múltipla, com o Odds Ratio estimado, adotando-se p<0,05 como significância estatística. Resultados: 1.355 indivíduos recusaram a doação de pele. A tendência de recusas foi decrescente (2001-2009) nas faixas etárias de 0-11 anos e de 12-19 anos e crescente na faixa de ≥60 anos. A tendência permaneceu decrescente (2010-2020) na faixa etária de 0-11 anos e crescente na de 20-40 anos. O sexo masculino e as faixas etárias de 20-40 anos, 41-59 anos e ≥60 anos apresentaram, respectivamente, 27%, 34%, 47% e 53% menores chances de recusa. Conclusões: é urgente a necessidade de medidas que visem atenuar o alto número de recusas associadas à doação de pele.

Family Refusal of Heart Valve Donation.

BACKGROUND: Impairment of the heart valves can occur due to many diseases that cause deterioration of the contractile function and harm the body, making it necessary for the heart valves to be transplanted. This study's objective was to analyze families' refusal to donate heart valves between 2001 and 2020. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in accordance with the Terms of Family Authorization for Donation of Organs and Tissues from patients diagnosed with brain death by an Organ Procurement Organization in the state of São Paulo. The variables analyzed were sex, age, cause of death, hospital type (private or public), and refusal to donate heart valves. Data analysis was performed using Stata software version 15.0  (StataCorp, LLC, College Station, Tex, United States) in a descriptive and inferential way. RESULTS: A total of 236 people (9.65%) refused to specifically donate heart valves of their relatives, the majority of whom were between 41 and 59 years old. Most potential donors had suffered a stroke and had been in a private hospital. From 2001 to 2009, there was a decreasing trend in males and the age group from 0 to 11 years old, whereas there was an increasing trend in those aged 60 years or older and in the general population. Between 2010 and 2020, there was a downward trend in the 41- to 59-year-old age group and the general population. CONCLUSIONS: The specific refusal to donate heart valves was associated with age, diagnosis, and whether the institution was public or private.

Testamento vital sob a ótica de enfermeiros que assistem pacientes em situação de terminalidade / Living will from the perspective of nurses caring for terminally ill patients / El testamento vital en la perspectiva de los enfermeros que atienden a pacientes terminales

Objetivos: conhecer a representação do Testamento Vital para os enfermeiros que atuam na assistência à pacientes em situação de terminalidade. Métodos:estudo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em hospital público universitário de alta complexidade localizado na cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil, com 15 enfermeiros que atuam na assistência à pacientes terminais, por meio de entrevista norteada pela questão "Fale a respeito do Testamento Vital". A análise dos dados foi desenvolvida pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: identificou-se três categorias que compõem o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo dos enfermeiros em relação ao testamento vital: "o enfermeiro frente às diretivas antecipadas de vontade"; "o enfermeiro frente à família do paciente em terminalidade" e "o enfermeiro frente ao médico do paciente em terminalidade". Conclusão: o testamento vital representa, na perspectiva dos enfermeiros, a autonomia e o direito do paciente pelas decisões nas situações de terminalidade que devem ser compartilhadas com seus familiares e profissionais de saúde.

Objectives: to know the representation of the living will for nurses working in the care of terminally ill patients. Methods: a qualitative study conducted in a high complexity public university hospital located in the city of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. An interview guided by the question "Talk about the living will" was performed with 15 nurses working in the care of terminally ill patients. Data analysis was performed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject. Results: three categories that make up nurses' Collective Subject Discourse in relation to living wills were identified: "the nurse before advance directives"; "the nurse before the terminally ill patient's family" and "the nurse before the terminally ill patient's physician". Conclusion: from the perspective of nurses, the living will represent the patient's autonomy and right to make decisions in terminally ill situations that must be shared with their family members and health professionals

Objetivos: conocer la representación del Testamento Vital para enfermeros que actúan en el cuidado de enfermos terminales. Métodos: estudio cualitativo realizado en un hospital universitario público de alta complejidad ubicado en la ciudad de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Se realizó una entrevista guiada por la pregunta "Hablemos del Testamento Vital" con 15 enfermeros que actúan en el cuidado de pacientes terminales. El análisis de los datos se realizó utilizando el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: se identificaron tres categorías que componen el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo de los enfermeros en relación a los testamentos vitales: "el enfermero frente a las directivas anticipadas"; "la enfermera frente a la familia del enfermo terminal" y "la enfermera frente al médico del enfermo terminal". Conclusión: en la perspectiva de los enfermeros, el testamento vital representa la autonomía y el derecho del paciente a tomar decisiones en situaciones terminales que deben ser compartidas con sus familiares y profesionales de la salud.

Recommendations for the safety of hospitalised patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To map the recommendations for hospitalised patient safety in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: Scoping review using the method recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. DATA SOURCES: Databases: Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, LILACS, CINAHL and IBECS; grey literature platform: Google Scholar; and 11 official websites of leading healthcare institutions were searched on 27 April 2021 and updated on 11 April 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included documents that present recommendations for the safety of hospitalised patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, published in any language, from 2020 onwards. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data extraction was performed in pairs with consensus rounds. A descriptive analysis was carried out to present the main characteristics of the articles. Qualitative data from the extraction of recommendations were analysed through content analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-five documents were included. Most papers were identified as expert consensus (n=56, 44.8%). Forty-six recommendations were identified for the safety of hospitalised patients: 17 relating to the reorganisation of health services related to the flow of patients, the management of human and material resources and the reorganisation of the hospital environment; 11 on the approach to the airways and the prevention of the spread of aerosols; 11 related to sanitary and hygiene issues; 4 about proper use of personal protective equipment and 3 for effective communication. CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations mapped in this scoping review present the best practices produced so far and serve as a basis for planning and implementing good practices to ensure safe hospital care, during and after COVID-19. The engagement of everyone involved in the care of hospitalised patients is essential to consolidate the mapped recommendations and provide dignified, safe and quality care.

Understanding of Brazilian Nursing Assistants and Technicians of Brain Death.

BACKGROUND: Brain death (BD) is defined as the total and irreversible cessation of brain functions including the brain stem. The team that assists the patient in this situation is made up of higher-level and technical health professionals. Our objective was to analyze the understanding of nursing assistants and technicians of BD. METHODS: Descriptive and exploratory research with a qualitative approach was carried out with nursing assistants and technicians who were members of the Regional Nursing Council of São Paulo, Brazil. After collection, the data were submitted to the thematic-category content analysis technique. RESULTS: From the analysis, the following categories emerged: an understanding of BD; religiosity and hope in the reversal of BD; and "brain death associated with the possibility of organ donation." CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforces the need to train professionals at a technical nursing level on the subject in order to improve nursing care and avoid mistaken beliefs that can negatively influence the process of donating organs and tissues for transplantation.

Nursing Theories and Models as theoretical references for Brazilian theses and dissertations: a bibliometric study.

OBJECTIVES: to map the use of Nursing models and theories utilized as theoretical references in graduate academic Nursing research in Brazil. METHODS: bibliometrics, performed in the Theses and Dissertations database of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, in November, 2020. Data analysis was performed using simple descriptive statistics and lexical analysis, performed using the software: IRAMUTEQ. RESULTS: the 50 selected studies were from the field of Nursing, 15 (30%) of which were theses and 35 (70%) were dissertations. 13 Nursing theories and models were identified, used as theoretical references, highlighting Roy's Adaptation Model in 10 (20%) of the researches. Final Considerations: the study found a great diversity in the use of nursing theories and models as a theoretical framework, which allowed us to identify the areas most researched by nurses and confirmed their application in different specialties and health contexts.

Opinions of healthcare students on organ and tissue donation for transplantation / Opiniones de estudiantes del área de la salud sobre la donación de órganos y tejidos para trasplante / Opiniões de estudantes de saúde sobre a doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplante

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the opinions of healthcare students on organ and tissue donation for transplantation. Methods: qualitative document analysis study, using the records of a database and analyzing data from two perspectives: 1) Lexical analysis, with the IRAMUTEQ software, and 2) Thematic content analysis. Results: from the analysis, 3 main categories were generated: 1) Organ and tissue donation as an act of love for others and an opportunity of a new beginning; 2) Clarification and awareness on organ and tissue donation; and 3) Importance of communicating the family and promoting organ and tissue donation. Final Considerations: despite being in favor of donation, students also recognize the presence of social taboos; the discussion in the family nucleus, promoting the theme and raising awareness in society are considered important. Additionally, the education of students is one of the possibilities of intervention for the issue.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las opiniones de estudiantes de cursos de la salud sobre la donación de órganos y tejidos para trasplante. Métodos: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, con diseño de análisis documental, a partir del registro de un banco de datos, considerado bajo dos ópticas: 1) Análisis lexical, con el software IRAMUREQ, y 2) Análisis temático de contenido. Resultados: del análisis se generaron 3 categorías principales: 1) Donación de órganos y tejidos como acto de amor al prójimo y oportunidad de recomenzar; 2) Desmitificación y concienciación sobre la donación de órganos y tejidos; e 3) Importancia de comunicar a la familia y divulgar la donación de órganos y tejidos. Consideraciones Finales: a pesar de que los estudiantes hayan mostrado opiniones favorables hacia la donación, reconocen, también, la existencia de tabúes sociales, haciéndose necesaria la discusión en el núcleo familiar, la divulgación de la temática y la concienciación de la sociedad. Una de las posibilidades de intervención en la problemática es la educación de los alumnos.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as opiniões de estudantes de cursos da saúde sobre a doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplante. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, com desenho de análise documental, a partir de registro de um banco de dados, analisados sob duas óticas: 1) Análise lexical, com o software IRAMUREQ, e 2) Análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: da análise, geraram-se 3 categorias principais: 1) Doação de órgãos e tecidos como ato de amor ao próximo e oportunidade de recomeço; 2) Desmistificação e conscientização sobre doação de órgãos e tecidos; e 3) Importância de comunicar a família e divulgar a doação de órgãos e tecidos. Considerações Finais: apesar dos estudantes demonstrarem opiniões favoráveis à doação, também reconhecem a presença de tabus sociais, sendo importante a discussão em núcleo familiar, a divulgação da temática e a conscientização da sociedade. Além disso, a educação dos discentes torna-se uma das possibilidades de intervenção na problemática.

Nursing Theories and Models as theoretical references for Brazilian theses and dissertations: a bibliometric study / Teorías y Modelos de Enfermería como referenciales teóricos de tesis y disertaciones brasileñas: estudio bibliométrico / Teorias e Modelos de Enfermagem como referenciais teóricos de teses e dissertações brasileiras: estudo bibliométrico

ABSTRACT Objectives: to map the use of Nursing models and theories utilized as theoretical references in graduate academic Nursing research in Brazil. Methods: bibliometrics, performed in the Theses and Dissertations database of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, in November, 2020. Data analysis was performed using simple descriptive statistics and lexical analysis, performed using the software: IRAMUTEQ. Results: the 50 selected studies were from the field of Nursing, 15 (30%) of which were theses and 35 (70%) were dissertations. 13 Nursing theories and models were identified, used as theoretical references, highlighting Roy's Adaptation Model in 10 (20%) of the researches. Final Considerations: the study found a great diversity in the use of nursing theories and models as a theoretical framework, which allowed us to identify the areas most researched by nurses and confirmed their application in different specialties and health contexts.

RESUMEN Objetivos: mapear el uso de modelos y teorías de enfermería utilizados como referenciales teóricos en investigaciones de posgrado stricto sensu de enfermería en Brasil. Métodos: bibliometría realizada en Banco de Tesis y Disertaciones de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior, en noviembre de 2020. Datos analizados por estadística descriptiva simple y análisis lexical, habiéndose utilizado el software IRAMUTEQ, Resultados: los 50 estudios seleccionados fueron del área de enfermería, consistiendo en 15 (30%) tesis y 35 (70%) disertaciones. Se identificaron 13 teorías y modelos de enfermería utilizados como referenciales teóricos, destacándose el Modelo de Adaptación de Roy en 10 (20%) de las investigaciones. Consideraciones Finales: el estudio constató una gran diversidad en el uso de teorías y modelos de enfermería como referenciales teóricos, permitiendo ello identificar las áreas más investigadas por los enfermeros y confirmando la aplicación de tales teorías y modelos en diferentes especialidades y contextos de salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: mapear o uso de modelos e teorias de Enfermagem utilizados como referenciais teóricos em pesquisas de pós-graduação Stricto Sensu em Enfermagem no Brasil. Métodos: bibliometria, realizada no banco de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, em novembro de 2020. A análise dos dados ocorreu por estatística descritiva simples e análise lexical, realizada com o uso do software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: os 50 estudos selecionados foram da área de Enfermagem, sendo 15 (30%) teses e 35 (70%) dissertações. Identificaram-se 13 teorias e modelos de Enfermagem utilizadas como referenciais teóricos, destacando o Modelo de Adaptação de Roy em 10 (20%) pesquisas. Considerações Finais: o estudo constatou uma grande diversidade no uso de teorias e modelos de enfermagem como referencial teórico, o que possibilitou a identificação das áreas mais pesquisadas pelos enfermeiros e confirmou a sua aplicação em diferentes especialidades e contextos de saúde.

Opinions of healthcare students on organ and tissue donation for transplantation.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the opinions of healthcare students on organ and tissue donation for transplantation. METHODS: qualitative document analysis study, using the records of a database and analyzing data from two perspectives: 1) Lexical analysis, with the IRAMUTEQ software, and 2) Thematic content analysis. RESULTS: from the analysis, 3 main categories were generated: 1) Organ and tissue donation as an act of love for others and an opportunity of a new beginning; 2) Clarification and awareness on organ and tissue donation; and 3) Importance of communicating the family and promoting organ and tissue donation. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: despite being in favor of donation, students also recognize the presence of social taboos; the discussion in the family nucleus, promoting the theme and raising awareness in society are considered important. Additionally, the education of students is one of the possibilities of intervention for the issue.

Ethical Conciliation Hearings held by the Regional Nursing Council of São Paulo.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the Ethical Conciliation Hearings held by the Regional Nursing Council of São Paulo. METHODS: this is a retrospective study, of a quantitative approach, with documentary analysis. To obtain the data, documents related to ethical processes were analyzed. The time frame established for the study was from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2017. RESULTS: 513 Ethical Conciliation Hearings were held and ratified. Nurses represent the category that most denunciate and are most accused. The highest percentages of ethical conciliations were in events related to public and hospital institutions. The Conduct Adjustment Term was the modality with the highest number of agreements. The main reason of conciliation failure was the non-attendance of at least one of the parties. CONCLUSIONS: the Ethical Conciliation Hearings represent an effective alternative instrument for the resolution of ethical-disciplinary processes in nursing.

Ethical Conciliation Hearings held by the Regional Nursing Council of São Paulo / Audiencias de Conciliación Ética realizadas por el Consejo Regional de Enfermería de São Paulo / Audiências de Conciliação Ética realizadas pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem de São Paulo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the Ethical Conciliation Hearings held by the Regional Nursing Council of São Paulo. Methods: this is a retrospective study, of a quantitative approach, with documentary analysis. To obtain the data, documents related to ethical processes were analyzed. The time frame established for the study was from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2017. Results: 513 Ethical Conciliation Hearings were held and ratified. Nurses represent the category that most denunciate and are most accused. The highest percentages of ethical conciliations were in events related to public and hospital institutions. The Conduct Adjustment Term was the modality with the highest number of agreements. The main reason of conciliation failure was the non-attendance of at least one of the parties. Conclusions: the Ethical Conciliation Hearings represent an effective alternative instrument for the resolution of ethical-disciplinary processes in nursing.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar Audiencias de Conciliación Ética realizadas por el Consejo Regional de Enfermería de São Paulo. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo, de abordaje cuantitativo, con análisis documental. Para obtención de los datos, analizados documentos relativos a los procesos éticos. Recorte temporal establecido para estudio fue de 01 de enero de 2011 a 31 de diciembre de 2017. Resultados: realizadas y homologadas 513 Audiencias de Conciliación Ética. Los enfermeros representan la categoría que más realiza denuncias y es denunciada. El mayor porcentual de las conciliaciones éticas fue en eventos relativos a instituciones públicas y en instituciones hospitalarias. El Término de Ajuste de Conducta fue la modalidad con mayor aceptación de celebración de acuerdos. El principal motivo para fracaso de conciliación fue la no comparecencia de por lo menos una de las partes. Conclusiones: audiencias de Conciliación Ética se presentan como un efectivo instrumento alternativo para solución de los procesos éticos-disciplinarios en la enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as Audiências de Conciliação Ética realizadas pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem de São Paulo. Métodos: trata-se de estudo retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, com análise documental. Para obtenção dos dados, foram analisados os documentos relativos aos processos éticos. O recorte temporal estabelecido para o estudo foi de 01 de janeiro de 2011 a 31 de dezembro de 2017. Resultados: foram realizadas e homologadas 513 Audiências de Conciliação Ética. Os enfermeiros representam a categoria que mais realiza denúncias e mais é denunciada. O maior percentual das conciliações éticas foi em eventos relativos a instituições públicas e em instituições hospitalares. O Termo de Ajuste de Conduta foi a modalidade com maior aceitação de celebração de acordos. O principal motivo para insucesso da conciliação foi o não comparecimento de pelo menos uma das partes. Conclusões: as Audiências de Conciliação Ética apresentam-se como um efetivo instrumento alternativo para solução dos processos éticos-disciplinares na enfermagem.

Mapeamento das estratégias educativas para estudantes do ensino básico quanto ao processo de doação e transplante de órgãos e tecidos humanos: revisão integrativa / Mapping of educational strategies for elementary school students regarding the process of donation and transplantation of human organs and tissue: an integrative review

Objetivou-se mapear as estratégias educativas utilizadas para estudantes do ensino básico, quanto ao processo de doação e transplante de órgãos e tecidos humanos. Realizou-se uma metassíntese, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de estudos publicados entre 1990 a 2018, veiculados no portal da Public Medical e nas bases de dados: Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Embase Subject Headings, Web of Science, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Base de Dados em Enfermagem e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde do Adolescente. Resultando em 1.331 registros, que após levantamento efetivo, resultaram em 14 artigos selecionados, os quais foram submetidos à leitura criteriosa quanto à metodologia utilizada, ferramentas educativas aplicadas, resultados obtidos e conclusões. Processaram-se sínteses, construídas da análise temática dos resultados, o que permitiu identificar 11 intervenções educativas, representadas, por: dinâmica em grupo (25,0%); palestras com profissionais da área (16,6%); vídeo educativo (13,8%); palestras com candidatos, receptores e familiares que doaram os órgãos para transplante (11,1%); Website interativo (8,3%); Folder explicativo, peça de teatro e intervenção educativa realizada pelos professores em sala de aula, cada um apresenta 5,5% das ferramentas educativas; literatura sobre a temática (fábula), criação de desenhos e premiações como incentivo, representam 2,7%, individualmente. Os estudos demonstram a importância da aplicação de diferentes estratégias educativas e discussões realizadas em sala de aula, quanto ao processo de doação e transplante de órgãos e tecidos humanos, sendo imprescindível a participação dos escolares no processo de construção do conhecimento acerca do tema.

This study aimed at mapping the educational strategies used for students of elementary education regarding the process of donation and transplantation of human organs and tissue. Qualitative meta-synthesis was carried out through an integrative literature review of studies published between 1990 and 2018 published on the Public Medical portal and on the following databases: Scopus; Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature; Embase Subject Headings; Web of Science; Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences; Nursing Database and Virtual Library on Adolescent Health. This search resulted in 1,331 records, which after effective survey, resulted in 14 selected articles. Those selected articles were then subjected to thorough reading as to the methodology used, educational tools applied, results obtained and conclusions. Syntheses were processed, constructed from thematic analysis of the results, which allowed the identification of 11 educational interventions, represented by group dynamics (25.0%); lectures with professionals in the area (16.6%); educational video (13.8%); lectures with candidates, recipients and family members who donated the organs for transplant (11.1%); interactive website (8.3%); explanatory folder, play and educational intervention carried out by teachers in the classroom, each one representing 5.5% of the educational tools; literature on the theme (fable), creation of drawings and awards as an incentive, represent 2.7%, individually. The studies demonstrate the importance of the active participation of the students in the teaching-learning process, as well as the propagation, for their families, of the discussions held in the classroom.

COVID-19: instruments for the allocation of mechanical ventilators-a narrative review.

After the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic, the elaboration of comprehensive and preventive public policies became important in order to stop the spread of the disease. However, insufficient or ineffective measures may have placed health professionals and services in the position of having to allocate mechanical ventilators. This study aimed to identify instruments, analyze their structures, and present the main criteria used in the screening protocols, in order to help the development of guidelines and policies for the allocation of mechanical ventilators in the COVID-19 pandemic. The instruments have a low level of scientific evidence, and, in general, are structured by various clinical, non-clinical, and tiebreaker criteria that contain ethical aspects. Few instruments included public participation in their construction or validation. We believe that the elaboration of these guidelines cannot be restricted to specialists as this question involves ethical considerations which make the participation of the population necessary. Finally, we propose seventeen elements that can support the construction of screening protocols in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Family perspectives on organ and tissue donation for transplantation: A principlist analysis.

BACKGROUND:: The family interview context is permeated by numerous ethical issues which may generate conflicts and impact on organ donation process. OBJECTIVE:: This study aims to analyze the family interview process with a focus on principlist bioethics. METHOD:: This exploratory, descriptive study uses a qualitative approach. The speeches were collected using the following prompt: "Talk about the family interview for the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation, from the preparation for the interview to the decision of the family to donate or not." For the treatment of qualitative data, we chose the method of content analysis and categorical thematic analysis. PARTICIPANTS:: The study involved 18 nurses who worked in three municipal organ procurement organizations in São Paulo, Brazil, and who conducted family interviews for organ donation. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:: The data were collected after approval of the study by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing of the University of São Paulo. RESULTS:: The results were classified into four categories and three subcategories. The categories are the principles adopted by principlist bioethics. DISCUSSION:: The principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice permeate the family interview and reveal their importance in the organs and tissues donation process for transplantation. CONCLUSION:: The analysis of family interviews for the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation with a focus on principlist bioethics indicates that the process involves many ethical considerations. The elucidation of these aspects contributes to the discussion, training, and improvement of professionals, whether nurses or not, who work in organ procurement organizations and can improve the curriculum of existing training programs for transplant coordinators who pursue ethics in donation and transplantation as their foundation.

Assessment of late anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity by 123I-mIBG cardiac scintigraphy in patients treated during childhood and adolescence.

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to evaluate late cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines (ATC) by evaluating cardiac sympathetic activity in a cohort of asymptomatic patients previously treated with ATC for childhood cancers. METHODS: We studied 89 asymptomatic patients previously treated with ATC with a normal echocardiogram (49 men and 40 women) and a control group of 40 healthy individuals (26 men and 14 women). Both groups underwent planar myocardial 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy (123I-mIBG). From these images, the early and late heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratio and washout rate (WR) were assessed. RESULTS: The mean survival at the time of the 123I-mIBG scintigraphy was 5.3 ± 3.4 years. Patients treated with ATC had a lower but clinical normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) compared to controls (60.44 ± 6.5 vs 64.1 ± 6.0%, P < 0.01). Both the late H/M ratio and WR were not able to discriminate ATC treated patients from controls. The cumulative ATC dose was the only independent predictor of the LVEF, explaining approximately 12% of the variation in LVEF (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although the pathophysiology behind ATC cardiotoxicity is most likely multifactorial, myocardial sympathetic activity is not associated with a reduction in LVEF 5-years after completion of chemotherapy.

Experiências e expectativas de enfermeiros no cuidado ao doador de órgãos e à sua família / Experiencias y expectativas de las enfermeras en la atención de los donantes de órganos y sus famílias / Experiences and expectations of nurses in caring for organ donors and their families

RESUMO Objetivo Compreender as experiências e expectativas dos enfermeiros de unidades de terapia intensiva no cuidado ao doador de órgãos para transplantes e à sua família. Método Pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem da Fenomenologia Social realizada em 2013, com 20 enfermeiros. Resultados As experiências dos enfermeiros com as famílias dos doadores foram representadas pelas categorias: obstáculos vivenciados e intervenções realizadas no cuidado às famílias dos doadores. As expectativas desses profissionais na assistência às famílias e aos doadores de órgãos foram descritas pela categoria: cuidar para salvar vidas. Conclusão O estudo mostrou que o cotidiano dos enfermeiros de terapia intensiva no cuidado às famílias e aos doadores de órgãos é permeado por obstáculos que interferem no processo de doação. Diante desse cenário têm como expectativas oferecer uma assistência intensiva ao doador falecido e um cuidado humanizado às famílias, intencionando possibilitar a aceitação da doação de órgãos pelos familiares e viabilizar órgãos para transplantes.

RESUMEN Objetivo Comprender las experiencias y expectativas delas enfermeras de las unidades de cuidados intensivos en la atención al donante de órganos para trasplante y su familia. Método : Investigación cualitativa, con el enfoque dela Fenomenología Social que ocurrió en 2013, con 20 enfermeras. Resultados Las experiencias delos enfermeros conlas familias de losdonantesestuvieron representadas porcategorías: obstáculos experimentados y intervenciones en la atención a las familias de los donantes. Las expectativas de estos profesionales en la asistencia a las familias y a los donantes de órganos fueron descriptas en la categoría: cuidar para salvar vidas. Conclusión El estudio mostró quela rutina diaria delos enfermeros de cuidados intensivos en relación a la atención de las familias y los donantes de órganos está permeado por los obstáculos que interfieren con el proceso de donación. Ante este escenario, la expectativa primordial es ofrecer asistencia intensiva a los donantes fallecidos y atención humanizadaa las familias, con la intención de posibilitarla aceptación dela donación de órganos por parte de familiares y hacer factible la potencian de los órganos para trasplantes.

ABSTRACT Objective Understand the experiences and expectations of intensive care unit nurses in caring for organ donors and their families. Method Qualitative research, with a social phenomenological approach, conducted in 2013 with 20 nurses. Results The experiences of the nurses with the families of donors were represented by two categories: obstacles encountered and interventions performed in the care of the donors' families. The expectations of these professionals in caring for organ donors and their families were described in the category: care to save lives. Conclusion The study showed that the day-to-day work of intensive care nurses in their care of organ donors and their families is permeated with obstacles that interfere in the donation process. In light of this, their goal is to provide intensive care to deceased donors and humanized care to the families, to help family members agree to organ donation and enable organs to be made available for transplants.