Accuracy of multidetector computed tomography for detection of coronary artery stenosis in acute coronary syndrome compared with stable coronary disease: a CORE64 multicenter trial substudy.

BACKGROUND: Multi-detector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) is a promising method for risk assessment of patients with acute chest pain. However, its diagnostic performance in higher-risk patients has not been investigated in a large international multicenter trial. Therefore, in the present study we sought to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of MDCTA to detect significant coronary stenosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: Patients included in the CORE64 study were categorized as suspected-ACS or non-ACS based on clinical data. A 64-row coronary MDCTA was performed before invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and both exams were evaluated by blinded, independent core laboratories. RESULTS: From 371 patients included, 94 were categorized as suspected ACS and 277 as non-ACS. Patient-based analysis showed an area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) for detecting ≥ 50% coronary stenosis of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.88-0.98) in ACS and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88-0.95) in non-ACS group (P=0.29). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of MDCTA were 0.90(0.80-0.96), 0.88(0.70-0.98), 0.95(0.87-0.99) and 0.77(0.58-0.90) in suspected ACS patients and 0.87(0.81-0.92), 0.86(0.79-0.92), 0.91(0.85-0.95) and 0.82(0.74-0.89) in non-ACS patients (P NS for all comparisons). The mean calcium scores (CS) were 282 ± 449 in suspected ACS and 435 ± 668 in non-ACS group. The accuracy of CS to detect significant coronary stenosis was only moderate and the absence or minimal coronary artery calcification could not exclude the presence of significant coronary stenosis, particularly in ACS patients. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic accuracy of MDCTA to detect significant coronary stenosis is high and comparable for both ACS and non-ACS patients.

Origem anômala das artérias coronárias associadas à doença aterosclerótica coronariana obstrutiva: relato de caso / Anomalous origin of left coronary artery associated with obstructive coronary artery atherosclerosis

As anomalias de coronária são, apesar de raras, importante causa de morte súbita, especialmente em atletas. Seu prognóstico está diretamente relacionado aos sintomas e, principalmente, ao seu padrão anatômico. Neste relato, descrevemos um caso raro de um subtipo incomum de origem anômala da artéria coronária esquerda do terço proximal da artéria coronária direita, associado à doença aterosclerótica obstrutiva. A utilização da angiotomografia das artérias coronárias, neste caso, foi fundamental para o correto esclarecimento anatômico dessa anomalia e para a decisão de tratamento clínico, cirúrgico ou percutâneo das lesões ateroscleróticas.

Acurácia do escore de cálcio na detecção de estenose coronária significativa em pacientes com dor torácica aguda subanálise do estudo multicêntrico CORE64 / Accuracy of coronary calcium score to detect significant coronary stenosis in patients with acure chest pain a CORE64 substudy

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de estenose coronária significativa e de calcificação coronária, em pacientes com suspeita de síndrome coronária aguda (SCA), em estudo multicêntrico. Métodos: Pacientes do estudo CORE64 foram classificados em grupos SCA e não SCA de acordo com critérios clínicos, eletrocardiográficos e laboratoriais. As imagens obtidas pela tomografia computadorizada de 64 colunas de detectores (Aquilion 4, Toshiba), para avaliação do escore de cálcio (EC), pelo método de Agatston, foram adquiridas antes da angiografia coronária invasiva (ACI), sendo utilizados os seguintes parâmetros: sincronização prospectiva (colimação 4 x 3,0mm; voltagem de tubo de Raio X de 120kV e corrente de tubo de 300A). Redução luminal coronária >- 50%, definida pela ACI, foi considerada significativa. Resultados: Dos 291 pacientes (59,3 + 10 anos, 74% homens), 80 foram classificados no grupo SCA (41 casos de infarto sem supradesnível de ST e 39, de angina instável). A média do EC, no grupo SCA, foi de 120 +- 159 e 148 +- 166 no não SCA (pns). Escore de cálcio zero esteve presente em 16 pacientes (20%) do grupo SCA, dos quais 6 (8%) tinham lesão coronária significativa. No grupo não SCA, 8 (4%)...

CT coronary calcification: What does a score of "0" mean?

Calcium score (CS) is a useful tool in evaluating the risk of cardiovascular events in asymptomatic patients. The absence of detectable calcification determines excellent cardiovascular prognosis, with event rates lower than that of negative stress studies, probably due to the latter's inability to detect nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). There are few primary prevention medications that would be cost-effective in such a low-risk patient population. The interval for retesting patients with zero CS is still open for debate but it should not be in less than 4 to 5 years. CS should not be used to rule out obstructive CAD in symptomatic patients, as its correlation with coronary stenosis is poor and obstructive CAD is commonly found among symptomatic zero CS patients. Most studies have found very low specificity values for CS to detect obstructive CAD in symptomatic patients, meaning it has limited ability to detect the true negative cases (ie, zero CS without obstructive CAD).

The absence of coronary calcification does not exclude obstructive coronary artery disease or the need for revascularization in patients referred for conventional coronary angiography.

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate whether the absence of coronary calcium could rule out >or=50% coronary stenosis or the need for revascularization. BACKGROUND: The latest American Heart Association guidelines suggest that a calcium score (CS) of zero might exclude the need for coronary angiography among symptomatic patients. METHODS: A substudy was made of the CORE64 (Coronary Evaluation Using Multi-Detector Spiral Computed Tomography Angiography Using 64 Detectors) multicenter trial comparing the diagnostic performance of 64-detector computed tomography to conventional angiography. Patients clinically referred for conventional angiography were asked to undergo a CS scan up to 30 days before. RESULTS: In all, 291 patients were included, of whom 214 (73%) were male, and the mean age was 59.3 +/- 10.0 years. A total of 14 (5%) patients had low, 218 (75%) had intermediate, and 59 (20%) had high pre-test probability of obstructive coronary artery disease. The overall prevalence of >or=50% stenosis was 56%. A total of 72 patients had CS = 0, among whom 14 (19%) had at least 1 >or=50% stenosis. The overall sensitivity for CS = 0 to predict the absence of >or=50% stenosis was 45%, specificity was 91%, negative predictive value was 68%, and positive predictive value was 81%. Additionally, revascularization was performed in 9 (12.5%) CS = 0 patients within 30 days of the CS. From a total of 383 vessels without any coronary calcification, 47 (12%) presented with >or=50% stenosis; and from a total of 64 totally occluded vessels, 13 (20%) had no calcium. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of coronary calcification does not exclude obstructive stenosis or the need for revascularization among patients with high enough suspicion of coronary artery disease to be referred for coronary angiography, in contrast with the published recommendations. Total coronary occlusion frequently occurs in the absence of any detectable calcification. (Coronary Evaluation Using Multi-Detector Spiral Computed Tomography Angiography Using 64 Detectors [CORE-64]; NCT00738218).

Patient characteristics as predictors of image quality and diagnostic accuracy of MDCT compared with conventional coronary angiography for detecting coronary artery stenoses: CORE-64 Multicenter International Trial.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate patient characteristics associated with image quality and their impact on the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for the detection of coronary artery stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred ninety-one patients with a coronary artery calcification (CAC) score of or=50%) stenoses was assessed using quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) per patient and per vessel using a modified 19-segment model. The effect of CAC, obesity, heart rate, and heart rate variability on image quality and accuracy were evaluated by multiple logistic regression. Image quality and accuracy were further analyzed in subgroups of significant predictor variables. Diagnostic analysis was determined for image quality strata using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Increasing body mass index (BMI) (odds ratio [OR]=0.89, p<0.001), increasing heart rate (OR=0.90, p<0.001), and the presence of breathing artifact (OR=4.97, p

Ressonância magnética cardiovascular e tomografia computadorizada cardiovascular nas doenças não-coronárias / Role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance and computed tomography in noncoronary diseases

A tomografia computadorizada e, principalmente, a ressonância magnética cardiovascular têm se mostrado de utilidade cada vez maior para a avaliação de doenças cardiovasculares não-isquêmicas. A alta resolução tanto espacial como temporal desses métodos possibilita a aquisição de imagens com grande detalhamento anatômico, permitindo a avaliação da relação espacial entre estruturas adjacentes de forma não-invasiva. A tomografia tem particular importância para a análise vascular e é o melhor método para detecção de calcificações. No entanto, tem a desvantagem de utilizar contraste iodado e radiação ionizante, de não apresentar alta resolução de contraste entre as estruturas, e de adquirir imagens predominantemente estáticas. A ressonância magnética, por sua vez, é um método que não utiliza radiação ionizante e, por meio de diversas sequências de pulsos e técnicas de aquisição de imagens, é capaz de fornecer, além do detalhamento anatômico...

Placa de aterosclerose em aorta: revisão sobre aterogênese, formação de placa, significado clínico, métodos de imagens e tratamento / Plaque of atherosclerosis in aorta: review on atherogenesis, formation of plaque, clinical significance, methods of imaging and treatment

Há consenso na literatura de que o estagio mais precoce da aterogênese é caracterizado por acúmulo de células espumosas na região da íntima arterial. Fatores de risco como hipertensão arterial, tabagismo, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemias (hipercolesterolemia), sexo masculino e idade avançada predispõem à maior formação de placas em coronárias e aorta, nas quais tem sido observado maior número de eventos coronarianos agudos e acidentes vasculares cerebrais. Acidentes vasculares cerebrais são a terceira causa de mortes nos EUA, com aproximadamente 40 por cento dos casos de origem criptogênica. Desde 1989, as placas de ateroma, que se desenvolvem na aorta torácica, têm sido responsabilizadas por acidentes vasculares cerebrais e periféricos...