RESUMEN
Background This study aims to contribute to peritonitis management strategies by comparing the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients diagnosed with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis (PDrP), and secondary peritonitis. Methods This study included 86 patients diagnosed with peritonitis between 2016 and 2022. Patients were categorized and compared as SBP, PDrP, and secondary peritonitis. Results SBP was diagnosed in 36% of patients, secondary peritonitis in 36% and PDrP in 28%. The mean age of patients with PDrP is 43.71 ± 14.74, which is significantly lower compared to those with SBP and secondary peritonitis (p<0.001). Patients with hypertension (HT), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and those undergoing dialysis most commonly have PDrP whereas those without HT, without CKD, and not undergoing dialysis are most often diagnosed with secondary peritonitis (p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001). In peritoneal fluid cultures, the growth of Gram-positive bacteria was most commonly identified in patients with PDrP, while the growth of Gram-negative bacteria was most frequently seen in patients with secondary peritonitis (p=0.018). CRP levels and sedimentation rates were found to be higher in patients with secondary peritonitis (p<0.001, p=0.003). Conclusion The distinct characteristics observed across different types of peritonitis underscore the importance of tailored approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Parameters such as CRP levels, sedimentation rates, and patient age could serve as valuable indicators in discerning between various types of peritonitis. When selecting empirical antibiotic therapy, it's crucial to consider coverage for Gram-positive pathogens in cases of PDrP and Gram-negative pathogens in secondary peritonitis.
RESUMEN
A series of new Schiff bases was obtained from sulfanilamide, 3-fluorosulfanilamide or 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonamide and aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes incorporating both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. The obtained sulfonamides were investigated as inhibitors of four physiologically relevant carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms, the cytosolic CA I and II, as well as the transmembrane, tumor-associated CA IX and XII. Most derivatives were medium potency or weak hCA I/II inhibitors, but several of them showed nanomolar affinity for CA IX and/or XII, making them an interesting example of isoform-selective compounds. The nature of the aryl/hetaryl moiety present in the initial aldehyde was the main factor influencing potency and isoform selectivity. The best and most CA IX-selective compounds incorporated moieties such as 4-methylthiophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl-, 4-(2-pyridyl)-phenyl and the 4-aminoethylbenzenesulfonamide scaffold. The best hCA XII inhibitors, also showing selectivity for this isoform, incorporated 2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl-, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl and 4-(2-pyridyl)-phenyl functionalities and were also derivatives of 4-aminoethylbenzenesulfonamide. The sulfanilamide and 3-fluorosulfanilamide derived Schiff bases were less active compared to the corresponding 4-aminoethyl-benzenesulfonamide derivatives. As hCA IX/XII selective inhibition is attractive for obtaining antitumor agents/diagnostic tools with a new mechanism of action, compounds of the type described here may be considered interesting preclinical candidates.
