[Maxillary sinusitis as a complication of dental implants placement: a case report]. / Verkhnechelyustnoi sinusit kak oslozhnenie dental'noi implantatsii: sluchai iz praktiki.

The article presents a case of chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and the results of its surgical treatment. The cause of the sinusitis, confirmed by the results of X-ray and pathohistological studies, was an inflammatory process affecting the bone tissue around the implant, installed in the place of the upper first molar which was accompanied by the development of an oroantral fistula. During the surgical intervention, the communication between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus was eliminated, and the implant with the abutment, which was entirely in its cavity, was also removed.

[Diagnostic criteria of maxillary sinus hypoplasia using cone-beam computed tomography]. / Diagnosticheskie kriterii gipoplazii verkhnechelyustnoi pazukhi po dannym konusno-luchevoi komp'yuternoi tomografii.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of X-ray criteria of maxillary sinus hypoplasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of 553 patients (1006 maxillary sinuses) with dental and ENT pathology from Minsk outpatient clinics, were studied. The morphometric parameters of 23 maxillary sinuses with radiological signs of hypoplasia, as well as orbits on the affected side, were analyzed. The maximum linear dimensions were measured using the tools of the CBCT viewer. The convolutional neural network technology was applied for maxillary sinus semi-automatic segmentation. RESULTS: The reliable radiological signs of hypoplasia of the maxillary sinus are a two-fold decrease in its height and/or width relative to the corresponding dimensions of the orbit, a high level of location of the inferior wall of the sinus, displacement of its medial wall to the lateral side, anterolateral wall asymmetry in association with unilateral hypoplasia, as well as lateralization of the uncinate process and ethmoid infundibulum with narrowing of ostial passage. CONCLUSION: In unilateral hypoplasia, the volume of the sinus is reduced by 31-58% compared to the contralateral side.

[Relationships between the inferior wall of maxillary sinus and the roots of the maxillary molars]. / Vzaimootnosheniya kornei molyarov s nizhnei stenkoi verkhnechelyustnoi pazukhi.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the position of the roots of the first and second upper molars relative to the bottom of the maxillary sinus (maxillary sinus) according to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIAL AND METODS: The CBCT scans of 150 patients (69 men and 81 women) from the database of the X-ray department of the 11th City Clinical Hospital of Minsk who applied for dental care were studied. There are 4 variants of vertical relationships between the roots of the teeth and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus. At the contact of the molar roots and the bottom of the HPV, 3 variants of the horizontal relationship between the roots of the teeth and the bottom of the maxillary sinus in the frontal plane were identified. RESULTS: The root apices of the maxillary molars can be located below the level of the MSF (type 0; 16.69%), contact with MSF (types 1-2; 72%) or protrude into the sinus cavity (type 3; 11.31%) at a distance of up to 6.49 mm. The roots of the second maxillary molar showed greater proximity to the MSF than the first molar roots and more often protruded into the maxillary sinus. The most common type of horizontal relationship between the molar roots and the MSF, in which the lowest point of the MSF was located centrally between buccal and palatal roots. It was found that the proximity between the roots and the MSF correlates with maxillary sinus vertical dimension. This parameter was significantly greater in type 3 when the roots protruded into the maxillary sinus than in type 0, when there was no contact between the MSF and the root apices of the molar teeth. CONCLUSION: Significant individual variability in the anatomical relationships between the roots of the maxillary molars and the MSF indicates the need for the mandatory appointment of cone-beam computed tomography in preoperative planning for the extraction of these teeth and/or their endodontic treatment.

[Anatomical variations of the ethmomaxillary sinus]. / Variantnaya anatomiya reshetchato-verkhnechelyustnoi pazukhi.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence and individual variations of the ethmomaxillary sinus (EMS) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: CBCT images from 553 dental and ENT patients (1106 sides), presenting to treatment at Minsk outpatient clinics, Belarus, were used in this study. The maximum vertical diameter of ethmomaxillary sinus in the coronal plane was measured. Anatomical variations of the ostiomeatal complex and mucosal diseases of paranasal sinuses were recorded. RESULTS: Ethmomaxillary sinus - is posterior ethmoidal cell extending to the posterior superior part of the maxillary sinus (MS) while draining into superior meatus. It was present in 13 of 553 patients (2.4%). The age of patients with EMS ranged from 12 to 60 years, including 8 males and 5 females. A total of 5 patients had unilateral EMS and 8 patients - bilateral EMS. Ethmomaxillary sinus was extended to the alveolar bone in five cases. Moreover, in two cases, the roots of the upper third molars protruded into its lumen. CONCLUSION: The enlarged posterior ethmoidal air cell can occupy the posterior superior portion of the maxillary sinus and even reach the alveolar bone. Such a cell is called the ethmomaxillary sinus and, as a rule, its presence is accompanied by excessive pneumatization of other cranial bones. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the ethmomaxillary sinus is most often not combined with the radiographic signs of maxillary sinusitis, and a direct communication of the EMS and MS was detected in only one patient.

[Topographic assessment of the vascular anastomosis in the maxillary sinus wall using cone-beam computed tomography]. / Topografiya sosudistogo anastomoza v stenke verkhnechelyustnoi pazukhi po dannym konusno-luchevoi komp'yuternoi tomografii.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence, diameter and topography of the intraosseous vascular canal of the maxillary sinus lateral wall. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of cone-beam computed tomography of 150 dental patients (294 maxillary sinuses) were analyzed. RESULTS: Intraosseus anastomosis of the branches of the posterior superior alveolar artery and infraorbital artery was detected in 87.8% of cases (258 of 294 sinuses). Anastomosis was found inside the wall of the sinus in every tooth location in 9.5% of sinuses; in other cases, the anastomosis was partially or fully embedded in the thickness of the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus in different tooth site. The mean diameter of the vascular anastomosis was 0.95±0.3 mm (range 0.3-2.18 mm). The average distance from the anastomosis to the sinus floor was 8.91±3.39 mm (range 1.68-21.83mm). In most cases, at locations of molars and premolars, the distance from the vascular anastomosis to the alveolar crest was greater than 15 mm (from 75.5% at the location of the first molar to 99.2% at the location of the first premolar). CONCLUSION: Detection of the topography of the vascular anastomosis by using cone-beam computed tomography is essential when planning the position of the antrostomy for the lateral sinus lift procedure in order to minimize iatrogenic complications.

[Automated system of the determination of maxillary sinus morphometric parameters]. / Avtomatizirovannaya sistema opredeleniya morfometricheskikh parametrov verkhnechelyustnoi pazukhi.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to compare manual, semi-automatic and automatic methods for determining the maxillary sinus volume using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: CBCT images from 48 patients (96 maxillary sinuses) with no history of sinus and alveolar bone surgery, who were presented to Minsk medical centers, were used in this study. Neural network training was performed on CBCT scans of 42 patients (84 maxillary sinuses).The height, depth and width of the sinus were measured manually on CBCT scans of 6 patients (12 maxillary sinuses). Maxillary sinus volume (V) was calculated by the formula: V=height´depth´1/3 width. Semi-automatic segmentation was carried out by an expert radiologist. The convolutional neural network technology was applied for maxillary sinus automatic segmentation. RESULTS: The largest values were revealed by using the automatic method for sinus volume measurement. These values were within the 95% confidence interval (±4.29 cm3) of the average sinus volume obtained from semi-automatic method. CONCLUSION: The data obtained using the convolutional neural network technique (artificial intelligence) has a high correlation with the results of sinus morphometric analysis acquired through manual and semi-automatic methods. Automatic maxillary sinus segmentation technique does not require special user knowledge. This method is reproducible and it is implemented in a short time interval.

[Topography of maxillary sinus septa according to cone beam computed tomography data]. / Topografiya sept verkhnechelyustnoi pazukhi po dannym konusno-luchevoi komp'yuternoi tomografii.

The aim of the study was to establish the location, orientation and height of the maxillary sinus primary septa. The data of 100 cone-beam computed tomography scans of patients with a mean age of 37.6±15.4 years from dental outpatient hospitals of Minsk, Belarus taken from 2012 to 2019 were analyzed. The prevalence of sinus septa was 45.6% for sinuses and 37.2% for patients. As a rule, septa were symmetric bilaterally. The heights of septa varied from 2-3 mm to 8-14 mm in the majority of cases. Orientation of septa was coronal in 94.7%, sagittal in 3.9%, and horizontal in 1.4% of cases. The location of the septa must be considered when planning for dental implants. In addition, septa in the upper and posterior regions of the maxillary sinus may interfere with mucociliary clearance.

[Bifid mandibular canal]. / Razdvoennyi kanal nizhnei cheliusti.

The article describes three types of bifurcations of the mandibular canal that were identified as accidental findings in cone-beam computed tomograms of the maxillofacial area of patients subjected to dental treatment. Bifid mandibular canal types are illustraded with clinical cases.