RESUMEN
X-linked short tandem repeats (X-STRs) play an important supplementary role in the field of forensic genetics, especially in deficiency cases. This paper presents population genetic data for the microsatellite markers DXS8378, DXS6800, DXS101, HPRTB, and DXS8377 in a German and a Kurdish population sample. Buccal swabs were obtained from 217 unrelated healthy German individuals (107 women and 110 men) from the area of Münster and 208 unrelated Kurdish individuals (103 women and 105 men), immigrants mainly from Northern Iraq. Additionally, more than 1,200 meiotic transfers (419 paternal and 819 maternal meioses) were investigated in the systems DXS6800, DXS101, and DXS8377. Five mutations were found in the system DXS8377. With the power of discrimination in females [PD(F)] ranging from 0.81 (DXS8378 in Kurds) to 0.99 (DXS8377 in Germans), the investigated X-STRs systems turned out to be highly informative in the two populations.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos X , Frecuencia de los Genes , Meiosis , Mutación , Secuencias Repetidas en Tándem , Adolescente , Adulto , Dermatoglifia del ADN , Etnicidad/genética , Femenino , Marcadores Genéticos , Genética de Población , Alemania , Humanos , Irak , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This article presents a review of the developments in the GEDNAP blind trials over the period covering the past 10 years (1993-2003), demonstrating the changing approach to DNA investigations in the European community as a whole. The results of the trials also identify the most common types of error encountered which can also occur during routine DNA typing and ways of recognising such errors are suggested.
Asunto(s)
Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/tendencias , Dermatoglifia del ADN/tendencias , Biblioteca de Genes , Cooperación Internacional , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud , Dermatoglifia del ADN/métodos , Dermatoglifia del ADN/normas , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Laboratorios/organización & administración , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Control de CalidadRESUMEN
In this study, a total of 191 cases with STR exclusions out of 591 paternity cases were analysed using 2 STR sets, i.e. (set a) 5 STRs in 462 cases with 150 exclusions and (set b) 9 STRs in 129 cases with 41 exclusions. Set (a) was associated with four exclusions on average while set (b) showed five exclusionary loci on average. Double exclusions were observed in 18 cases and further elaborated. Of these, 2 ended up with probabilities of paternity of 0.1% and 0.4%, respectively and with a random occurrence of the hypothesis "mutation" of 1:20,000 and 1:50,000, respectively, while all other cases were associated with much lower frequencies. The conclusion is that the evidential value of a set of highly polymorphic STRs applied in paternity cases is usually extremely high.
Asunto(s)
Mutación/genética , Paternidad , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Secuencias Repetidas en Tándem/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , ProbabilidadRESUMEN
Three short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms characterized by PCR product length < 175 bp were investigated. D18S535 and D1S1656 contained a 4 bp unit as basic repeat motif, D10S2325 a 5 bp unit. The heterozygosity rates were 0.76 (D18S535), 0.88 (D10S2325) and 0. 90 (D1S1656), leading to a combined discrimination power of 0.9999. In contrast to D10S2325 and D18S535, which showed a homogeneous repeat array without any variation in the repeat motifs, repeat length and sequence variation was found for D1S1656. Robust typing results could be observed for all three STRs using highly degraded DNA.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Legal , Genética de Población , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Secuencias Repetidas en Tándem , Alelos , Secuencia de Bases , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
In an Iraqi Kurdish population sample (n = 101), seven polymorphic STR loci of the Y-chromosome (DYS19, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, and DXYS156-Y) were typed, with DYS389 being subtyped for its four segments. The haplotype diversity was 97.83% and 82 different haplotypes were observed. The Kurds shared some Y-types with neighbouring south Turks but strikingly few with Germans: it is 20-30 times more likely to find a sequence match in a random pair of Kurds than in a random Kurd-German pair.
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad/genética , Haplotipos , Secuencias Repetidas en Tándem , Cromosoma Y/genética , Genética de Población , Alemania , Humanos , IrakRESUMEN
In the present investigation of the D8S1132 locus 31 selected alleles were sequenced. In total there were 9 distinguishable alleles found to increase in size by regular 4 bp increments from 134 to 170 bp with a repeat array following the pattern (TCTA)n TCA (TCTA)n. One-third of the sequenced alleles exhibited an altered repeat sequence TCTG TCTA at the 3' flanking region of the repeat array. A nomenclature for the designation of D8S1132 alleles is proposed on the basis of this sequence data and in accordance with the ISFH recommendations. The allele distribution of the D8S1132 locus has been investigated in three German populations (Halle-, Münster-, and Wiesbaden area) with frequencies ranging from 0.004 to 0.24. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium could be observed. The heterozygosity was 0.83 and the discrimination power 0.96 for the Halle population.
Asunto(s)
Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos/genética , Población Blanca/genética , Alelos , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genética de Población , Alemania , HumanosRESUMEN
Population genetic studies were carried out on a South Hungarian population (n = 111 individuals). The short tandem repeat (STR) systems Hum VWA, HumTH01, HumF13B, HumCD4, HumFES and HumFIBRA (FGA) were investigated by PCR amplification. All loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations.
Asunto(s)
ADN/análisis , Etnicidad/genética , Genética de Población , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos , Alelos , Antígenos CD4/genética , Factor VIII/genética , Fibrinógeno/genética , Frecuencia de los Genes , Humanos , Hungría , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Tirosina 3-Monooxigenasa/genética , Factor de von Willebrand/genéticaRESUMEN
Seven Y-chromosome STRs were investigated in a male population sample from the Modena area by means of one quadruplex reaction (systems DYS19, DYS390, DYS391, DYS393), one duplex reaction (systems DYS389-II, DYS392) and two single PCR reactions (DXYS156 and DYS389-I/II). In 100 males, 71 different haplotypes could be observed, 57 of which were seen only once. The haplotype diversity/discrimination index is 0.97. The resulting database could be used for routine forensic application like paternity testing and stain investigation.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Genética de Población , Haplotipos , Secuencias Repetidas en Tándem , Cromosoma Y , Frecuencia de los Genes , Humanos , Italia , Masculino , Paternidad , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
The tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism in the human beta-actin related pseudogene H-beta-Ac-psi-2 (ACTBP2) locus has become a widely used short tandem repeat (STR) system in paternity testing and human identification. The discrimination index of this locus has been reported to be as high as 99.65%. To study the overall variability of this locus, 222 alleles were sequenced in our laboratory. Here, we report the sequences of the 102 different alleles observed. In addition to the length polymorphism, up to ten different sequence variants for single fragment lengths have been detected.
Asunto(s)
Actinas/genética , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Seudogenes/genética , Alelos , Secuencia de Bases , ADN/genética , Variación Genética/genética , Humanos , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMEN
Five short tandem repeat (STR) systems HumVWA, HumTH01, HumCD4, HumF13B and HumFES were investigated in 2 subpopulations living in Turkey (Laz Turks and Kurds). The population genetic data were compared to a Turkish population sample from the Adana area. A closer genetic relationship was found to the Laz Turks than to the Kurdish sample which was also confirmed by phylogenetic tree reconstruction with seven populations from three major ethnic groups (Caucasian, Asian and African). In contrast to the Laz and Adana populations the Kurdish sample showed relatively low heterozygosity values and deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in four of the five systems.
Asunto(s)
Mapeo Cromosómico , Etnicidad/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Variación Genética/genética , Genética de Población , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos/genética , Alelos , Frecuencia de los Genes/genética , Humanos , Filogenia , TurquíaRESUMEN
A total of 103 fragments in the STR D12S391 locus were sequenced. 24 different alleles were found which can be grouped into 12 allelic classes based on the total number of repeats. The structure of this compound STR consists of blocks of (AGAT) and (AGAC) repeats with a consensus structure (AGAT)8-17 (AGAC)6-10 (AGAT)0-1. Whereas shorter alleles only have (AGAT) repeats, > 225 bp alleles are more complex, having two motifs (AGAT) and (AGAC). Population data showed that this to be a highly polymorphic STR with a heterozygosity of 0.9. This fact together with its simple structure make this STR very suitable for forensic and genetic purposes.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Dermatoglifia del ADN , Frecuencia de los Genes , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Sondas de ADN , Etnicidad/genética , Alemania , Humanos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , España , Población Blanca/genéticaRESUMEN
Allele frequencies of the Short tandem repeat systems HumVWA and HumACTBP2 were determined from 105 unrelated individuals from the area of Szeged, Hungary. A total of 8 alleles was detected for VWA, and 23 alleles were found for ACTBP2. In both systems no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed. A comparison of the Hungarian and German frequency profiles revealed significant differences at both STR loci.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos/genética , Frecuencia de los Genes/genética , Genética de Población , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/genética , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos/genética , Alelos , Tamización de Portadores Genéticos , Humanos , Hungría , Factor de von Willebrand/inmunologíaRESUMEN
A total of 90 alleles found in white Caucasians from North-West Germany were sequenced and 26 alleles chosen to construct a uniform and reliable allelic ladder for the STR system ACTBP2 (SE33). In addition 3 new aspects concerning the sequence structure were observed. Population studies were carried out on white Caucasians (n = 278) from North-West Germany using the new improved ladder. A total of 24 alleles and 14 "interalleles" were found and reproducible results obtained. No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg-equilibrium could be observed.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Polimorfismo Genético , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , Población Blanca/genética , Electroforesis/métodos , Frecuencia de los Genes , Alemania , Humanos , Estándares de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Terminología como AsuntoRESUMEN
The allele distribution of two STRs has been investigated in two populations, i.e. Turks (n = 203/200) and Germans (n = 414/402). The Turkish population showed 11 alleles in HumFES/FPS and 6 alleles in HumF13B while the German population had 9 (FES) and 8 (F13B) alleles respectively. Although the frequency profiles looked quite similar in both populations, there exist significant differences mainly due to alleles 8 and 10 (F13B) and allele 12 (FES). Four variant alleles have been sequenced and are described. Investigation of 368 (FES)/372 (F13B) meioses revealed no new mutations.
Asunto(s)
ADN/genética , Frecuencia de los Genes , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos , Población Blanca/genética , Medicina Legal , Alemania , Humanos , Meiosis , Polimorfismo Genético , TurquíaRESUMEN
A modification to the DNA extraction method "preferential lysis" (Gill et al. 1985) is proposed which can be applied to DNA mixtures of vaginal cells and spermatozoa. In mixtures with a low sperm content the further loss of sperm DNA caused by the extraction can be avoided by using "mild preferential lysis". Amplification by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) then yields sufficient DNA to be able to identify both components in the mixture.
Asunto(s)
Líquidos Corporales/química , ADN/análisis , Moco del Cuello Uterino/química , ADN/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Frotis VaginalRESUMEN
The occurrence of unusual band patterns in the protein systems Gc, F XIII B and PLG is described. During the routine investigation of these systems in paternity, identity and criminal cases, several examples of alterations or additions to the normal band patterns have been observed. This was particularly noticeable in post mortem samples, stored liquid blood samples and blood stains. A connection between alterations in the form due to charge changes and changes to the isoelectric point from ageing of blood samples is demonstrated.