Alcoholic patients' response to their disease: perspective of patients and family.

OBJECTIVE: To know the perspective of alcoholic patients and their families about the behavioral characteristics of the disease, identifying the issues to modify the addictive behavior and seek rehabilitation. METHOD: Ethnographic research using interpretative anthropology, via participant observation and a detailed interview with alcoholic patients and their families, members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Alanon in Spain. RESULTS: Development of disease behavior in alcoholism is complex due to the issues of interpreting the consumption model as a disease sign. Patients often remain long periods in the pre-contemplation stage, delaying the search for assistance, which often arrives without them accepting the role of patient. This constrains the recovery and is related to the social thought on alcoholism and self-stigma on alcoholics and their families, leading them to deny the disease, condition of the patient, and help. The efforts of self-help groups and the involvement of health professionals is essential for recovery. CONCLUSION: Understanding how disease behavior develops, and the change process of addictive behavior, it may be useful for patients, families and health professionals, enabling them to act in a specific way at each stage.

Alcoholic patients' response to their disease: perspective of patients and family / Resposta da pessoa doente alcoólatra frente à sua doença: perspectivas de pacientes e familiares / Respuesta del enfermo alcohólico ante su enfermedad: Perspectivas de pacientes y familiares

Objective: to know the perspective of alcoholic patients and their families about the behavioral characteristics of the disease, identifying the issues to modify the addictive behavior and seek rehabilitation. Method: ethnographic research using interpretative anthropology, via participant observation and a detailed interview with alcoholic patients and their families, members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Alanon in Spain. Results: development of disease behavior in alcoholism is complex due to the issues of interpreting the consumption model as a disease sign. Patients often remain long periods in the pre-contemplation stage, delaying the search for assistance, which often arrives without them accepting the role of patient. This constrains the recovery and is related to the social thought on alcoholism and self-stigma on alcoholics and their families, leading them to deny the disease, condition of the patient, and help. The efforts of self-help groups and the involvement of health professionals is essential for recovery. Conclusion: understanding how disease behavior develops, and the change process of addictive behavior, it may be useful for patients, families and health professionals, enabling them to act in a specific way at each stage.

Objetivos: conhecer as perspectivas de pessoas doentes alcoólatras e familiares sobre as características do comportamento da doença, identificando as dificuldades para modificar o comportamento aditivo e motivar a recuperação. Método: pesquisa etnográfica baseada na antropologia interpretativa, mediante observação participante e entrevista em profundidade com as pessoas doentes alcoólatras e seus familiares, membros dos Alcoólicos Anónimos e Al-anon, na Espanha. Resultados: o desenvolvimento do comportamento da doença no alcoolismo é complexo, dadas as dificuldades para interpretar o modelo de consumo como sinal de doença. Usualmente, as pessoas doentes permanecem por longos períodos de tempo na etapa de pré-contemplação, atrasando a demanda de assistência, a qual costuma chegar sem a aceitação da doença pela própria pessoa doente. Isso dificulta a recuperação e relaciona-se à consideração social do alcoolismo e à auto estigma em alcoólatras e familiares, levando-os a negar a doença, a condição de doente e a ajuda. O trabalho dos grupos de ajuda mútua e a implicação dos profissionais da saúde são fundamentais para sua recuperação. Conclusão: conhecer o desenvolvimento do comportamento da doença e o processo de mudança do comportamento aditivo pode ser útil para as pessoas doentes, familiares, e profissionais da saúde, permitindo-lhes atuar de forma específica em cada etapa.

Objetivos: conocer las perspectivas de enfermos alcohólicos y de familiares sobre las características de la conducta de la enfermedad, identificando las dificultades para modificar la conducta adictiva y emprender la recuperación. Método: investigación etnográfica desde la antropología interpretativa, mediante observación participante y entrevista en profundidad con enfermos alcohólicos y sus familiares, miembros de Alcohólicos Anónimos y Al-anon en España. Resultados: el desarrollo de la conducta de enfermedad en el alcoholismo es complejo dadas las dificultades para interpretar el modelo de consumo como señal de enfermedad. Los enfermos suelen mantenerse largos periodos de tiempo en la etapa de precontemplación retrasando la demanda de asistencia, a la que suelen llegar sin aceptar el rol de enfermo. Esto dificulta la recuperación y se relaciona con la consideración social del alcoholismo y el autoestigma en alcohólicos y familiares, llevándoles a negar la enfermedad, la consideración de enfermo y la ayuda. La labor de los grupos de ayuda mutua y la implicación de los profesionales sanitarios resulta fundamental para su recuperación. Conclusión: conocer el desarrollo de la conducta de enfermedad y el proceso de cambio de la conducta adictiva, puede ser de utilidad para enfermos, familiares, y profesionales sanitarios, permitiéndoles actuar de forma específica en cada etapa.

[Streptococcus equi subsp. Zooepidemicus endocarditis]. / Endocarditis por Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus.

Zoonotic infections with S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus have been reported occasionally in individuáis with exposure to farm animals, especially horses. They exceptionally present as a human pathogen. We present a S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus well documented endocarditis after a horse's female genital tract contact, and excellent surveillance with exclusive antibiotic management.

Investigación acción en la formación del profesorado universitario novel a través de la propuesta de una rúbrica / Action research on beginners university teachers training program through a rubric

Objetivo: desarrollar un instrumento de evaluación o rúbrica centrada en la presentación oral, para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad de Sevilla. Métodos: durante los cursos 2009 al 2012 el equipo docente realizó ciclos de investigación-acción, siguiendo las siguientes fases: búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos, selección de instrumentos, diseño y validación de contenido mediante consenso de expertos y difusión del instrumento previamente diseñado y validado. Resultados: se encontraron 16 artículos que presentaban rúbricas, pero tras su valoración, se consideró que no se adaptaban a las características del plan de estudio del Grado en Enfermería, por lo que se decidió diseñar y validar el contenido de un nuevo modelo de rúbrica. Conclusiones: la difusión de la rúbrica elaborada para las presentaciones en el Grado de Enfermería puede aumentar la coherencia en las evaluaciones de las competencias del alumnado, fomentando el desarrollo profesional(AU)

Objective: developing an assessment tool or rubric focused on oral presentation to improve the process of teaching and learning in the Degree in Nursing at the University of Seville. Methods: during the courses 2009 to 2012, the team conducted action-research cycles to design and content validation of a rubric for oral presentations following these steps: bibliographic searches on databases, instruments selection, design and content validation by expert consensus and diffusion of the instrument previously designed and validated. Results: we found 16 articles which rubrics were presented. After assessed the rubrics, we considered that those didn´t fit with characteristics of nursing curriculum. So we decided to design and validate the content of a new rubric. Conclusions: the rubric diffusion for oral presentations in the Degree in Nursing may improve the coherence of student competence evaluation, encouraging professional development(AU)

Diseño y validación de contenido de rúbricas para evaluar las competencias prácticas en estudiantes de Enfermería / Design and content validation of rubrics for assessing practical competencies in nursing students

Objetivo: diseñar y validar el contenido de un sistema de evaluación mediante rúbricas para medir las competencias adquiridas por el alumnado en las prácticas clínicas. Métodos: participó un equipo de 11 profesores del grado de Enfermería de la Universidad de Sevilla. Mediante reuniones presenciales y online, y revisión de la literatura, se diseñó el sistema de evaluación con 8 rúbricas, y se validó su contenido mediante Panel Delphi on-line con 20 expertos, en el que debían designar su adecuación (1-nada adecuado a 5-muy adecuado). Resultados: se propusieron 7 competencias, 8 objetivos de aprendizaje e indicadores de consecución valorados a través de 8 rúbricas, y 8 pruebas de evaluación. Se elaboró un portafolio, y una guía de evaluación. Se realizaron 3 rondas de valoración en el Panel Delphi. De los 65 ítems propuestos para las rúbricas, en la primera ronda fueron aceptados 42 (64,6 por ciento), en la segunda fueron aceptados 15 de los remitidos (83,3 por ciento), y en la tercera fueron aceptados los 3 ítems remitidos (100 por ciento). Conclusión: con este trabajo se ha desarrollado un sistema de evaluación de las competencias adquiridas por el alumnado en las prácticas clínicas del Grado de Enfermería, mediante un conjunto de rúbricas que han demostrado su validez de contenido y pueden facilitar el proceso de aprendizaje y evaluación(AU)

Objective: the purpose of this study was to design and validating of an evaluation system by rubrics in order to measure student competences in the clinical practice. Methods: a work team of 11 professors of the Nursing Degree at the University of Seville has carried out several face-to-face and online meetings and has conducted database searches in order to design the evaluation system with eight rubrics, subsequently it was validated their content on a twenty-expert Delphi panel. The experts had to assess rubric adequacy (1-not adequate to 5-very adequate). Results: seven competences, eight learning outcomes and achievement indicators assessed by eight rubrics, and eight evaluation tests were designed. It was also make up a student portfolio and an evaluation guide. Three round of assessment were carried out on Delphi Panel. On the first round 42 of 65 items proposed were estimated (64.6 percent), on the second round 15 of 18 items proposed were estimated (83.3 percent), and on the third round 3 items were estimated (100 percent). Conclusions: with this work we have developed an evaluation system in order to measure student competences in the clinical practice of Nursing Degree. We have designed several rubrics, and we have showed its content validity. These instruments may help in the learning process and in the evaluation(AU)

Adolescent quality of life and health behaviors: a comparative study between adolescents from the south of Portugal and Spain / Qualidade de vida e comportamentos de saúde: um estudo comparativo entre adolescentes do sul de Portugal e da Espanha / Calidad de vida y estilos de vida en adolescentes: un estudio comparativo entre el sur de España y el sur de Portugal

An observational, transversal study was carried out to examine cross-cultural differences in perceived quality of life and health-related behaviors on adolescents from southern Portugal and southern Spain. Sample consists in 319 adolescents. The Kidscreen-27 child self-report, a short version of Health Behavior in School-aged Children Questionnaire, and a Socio-demographic questionnaire were used. Results suggest significant differences between Portuguese and Spanish adolescents health behaviors. Portuguese adolescents experiment more legal drugs and consume more wine and beer. More Spanish adolescents smoke. No differences were found between countries on hashish use, liquor consumption, inebriation, and on the age of first sexual intercourse. Spanish adolescents perceived themselves with better quality of life. Gender differences were found on several dimensions of Quality of Life. Results are discussed with previous research on these topic and might be considered by nurses when promoting adolescent health.

Desenvolvemos um estudo observacional, transversal para analisar eventuais diferenças na qualidade de vida percebida e em comportamentos de saúde em 319 adolescentes do sul de Portugal e do sul de Espanha. Utilizamos o Kidscreen-27, uma versão breve do "Health Behavior in School-aged Children" e um questionário sociodemográfico. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os adolescentes portugueses e espanhóis nos comportamentos de saúde. Os portugueses consomem mais vinho e cerveja e experimentam mais drogas legais, os espanhóis apresentam um maior consumo de tabaco. Não foram encontradas diferenças no consumo de haxixe, e bebidas destiladas, embriaguês e idade da primeira relação sexual. Os espanhóis reportaram maiores níveis de qualidade de vida percebida. Foram encontradas diferenças de gênero em várias das suas dimensões. Os resultados são discutidos com base nos estudos prévios nestes tópicos, e podem contribuir para a prática profissional de enfermagem na promoção da saúde na adolescência.

Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal para examinar diferencias en calidad de vida percibida y estilos de vida de adolescentes del sur de Portugal y del sur de España. A 319 adolescentes, se les administró el Kidscreen-27, una versión corta del cuestionario "Health Behavior in School-aged Children", y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se observaron diferencias estadísticas entre adolescentes portugueses y españoles. Los portugueses experimentan más drogas legales, y consumen más vino y cerveza. Los españoles consumen más tabaco. No se encontraron diferencias entre países en el uso de hachís, bebidas destiladas, embriaguez y edad de la primera relación sexual. Los españoles se perciben con mayor calidad de vida. Se encontraron diferencias de género en varias dimensiones de la calidad de vida, principalmente entre adolescentes españoles. Se discuten los resultados con investigaciones previas sobre estos tópicos, y pueden ser considerados por las enfermeras en la promoción de salud adolescente.

Evaluación de una intervención sobre búsquedas de información científica para estudiantes de enfermería / Evaluation of an intervention on scientific information searches for nursing students / Avaliação de uma intervenção sobre buscas de informação científica para estudantes de enfermagem

En este trabajo presentamos el proceso y la evaluación de una intervención educativa para la capacitación en búsquedas de información científica, dentro del programa de alfabetización en información, que se llevó a cabo con 158 estudiantes de 3er año de Enfermería en la asignatura de Administración de Servicios de Enfermería. Respecto a los resultados de la evaluación de los conocimientos adquiridos, la media de aciertos es de 11,8 (desviación estándar=2,2); las calificaciones obtenidas en el informe de búsquedas de información fueron el 46,8% sobresaliente, 22,4% notable, 19,2% aprobado y 11,5% reprobaron; en cuanto a las opiniones y satisfacción con el proceso de aprendizaje, un 79,5% de los/as estudiantes opinaban que después del aprendizaje tienen conocimientos suficientes para buscar información científica y un 78,6% estaban satisfechos/as con el aprendizaje. Concluimos que la intervención educativa es adecuada para el desarrollo de competencias en búsquedas de información científica en los/as estudiantes de enfermería.

In this paper we show process and evaluation of an educational intervention on information seeking in nursing students as part of literacy program. The intervention was carried out with 158 students in 3rd-year-nursing enrolled on the subject of Nursing Services Administration. The average of correct answers is 11.8 (standard deviation=2.2) on knowledge evaluation; marks obtained in the search report of information was of 46.8% A grade, 22.4% B grade, 19.2% C grade, and 11.5% D grade; 79.5% of students believed that after training has enough knowledge to find scientific information and 78.6% was satisfied with learning according to learning-process-satisfaction questionnaires. We conclude that the educational intervention is appropriate for developing skills on information seeking in nursing students.

O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma intervenção em buscas de informação científica, dentro de um programa de competência em informação. A intervenção foi realizada com 158 alunos do 3º ano do curso de enfermagem, na Administração de Serviços de Enfermagem. A respeito dos resultados da avaliação dos conhecimentos adquiridos, a média de respostas corretas foi de 11,8 (desvio padrão=2,2); as notas obtidas no relatório de pesquisa de informação foram: 46,8% excelente, 22,4% notável, 19,2% aprovado, e 11,5% fracasso; em relação as opiniões e satisfação dos alunos com o processo de aprendizagem, 79,5% dos estudantes acreditam que depois de aprender têm conhecimento suficiente para encontrar a informação científica, e 78,6% estão satisfeitos com a aprendizagem. Concluímos que a intervenção educativa é apropriada para o desenvolvimento de competências em buscas de informação para estudantes de enfermagem.

Content validation of the Self-perception of Family Health Status scale using the Delphi technique.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the content validity of the Self-perception of Family Health Status scale. METHOD: A validation study of an instrument with an online Delphi panel using the consensus technique. Eighteen experts in the subject were intentionally selected, with a multidisciplinary origin and representing different professional fields. Each of the proposed items was assessed using a five-point scale, and open-ended questions, to modify or propose items. Descriptive analysis was performed of the sample and the items, applying criteria of validation/elimination. RESULTS: The first round had a response rate of 83.3% and validated 75 of the 96 proposed items; the second had a response rate of 80%, and validated the 21 newly created items, concluding the panel of experts. CONCLUSIONS: We present an instrument to measure self-perception of family health status, from a nursing perspective. This may be an advance in scientific knowledge, to facilitate the assessment of the state of health of the family unit, enabling detection of alterations, and to facilitate interventions to prevent consequences to the family unit and its members. It can be used in clinical care, research or teaching.

Content validation of the Self-perception of Family Health Status scale using the Delphi technique / Validação de conteúdo da escala de auto-percepção do estado da saúde familiar utilizando a técnica Delphi / Validación de contenido de la escala de autopercepción del estado de salud familiar usando la técnica Delphi

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the content validity of the Self-perception of Family Health Status scale. METHOD: A validation study of an instrument with an online Delphi panel using the consensus technique. Eighteen experts in the subject were intentionally selected, with a multidisciplinary origin and representing different professional fields. Each of the proposed items was assessed using a five-point scale, and open-ended questions, to modify or propose items. Descriptive analysis was performed of the sample and the items, applying criteria of validation/elimination. RESULTS: The first round had a response rate of 83.3% and validated 75 of the 96 proposed items; the second had a response rate of 80%, and validated the 21 newly created items, concluding the panel of experts. CONCLUSIONS: We present an instrument to measure self-perception of family health status, from a nursing perspective. This may be an advance in scientific knowledge, to facilitate the assessment of the state of health of the family unit, enabling detection of alterations, and to facilitate interventions to prevent consequences to the family unit and its members. It can be used in clinical care, research or teaching. .

OBJETIVO: Verificar a validade de conteúdo da escala Auto-percepção da Família sobre o estado de saúde. MÉTODO: Um estudo de validação de um instrumento com um painel Delphi on-line, utilizando a técnica de consenso. Dezoito especialistas no assunto, selecionados intencionalmente, de origem multidisciplinar e representando diferentes áreas profissionais. Cada um dos itens propostos foi avaliado usando uma escala de cinco pontas, e perguntas abertas, para modificação ou propostas de itens. Realizada análise descritiva da amostra e os itens, aplicando critérios de validação / eliminação. RESULTADOS: A primeira rodada teve uma taxa de resposta de 83,3% e validados 75 dos 96 itens propostos; a segunda teve uma taxa de resposta de 80%, e validou os 21 itens recém-criados, concluindo o painel de especialistas. CONCLUSÕES: Apresentamos um instrumento para medir a auto-percepção do estado de saúde da família, a partir de uma perspectiva de enfermagem. Este pode ser um avanço no conhecimento científico, a fim de facilitar a avaliação do estado de saúde da unidade familiar, permitindo a detecção de alterações, e facilitando as intervenções para evitar consequências para a unidade da família e seus membros. Ela pode ser usado em pesquisa clínica de cuidados, ou de ensino. .

OBJETIVO: Comprobar la validez de contenido de la escala de Autopercepción del Estado de Salud Familiar. MÉTODO: Estudio de validación de instrumento con panel Delphi on-line como técnica de consenso. Se seleccionaron intencionalmente 18 expertos/as en el tema, de origen multidisciplinar y de diferentes ámbitos profesionales. Cada uno de los ítems propuestos fue valorado mediante una escala de cinco puntos, y mediante preguntas abiertas, para modificar o proponer ítems. Se realizó análisis descriptivo de la muestra y de los ítems, aplicando criterios de estimación/desestimación. RESULTADOS: La primera ronda tuvo una tasa de respuesta del 83,3% y se estimaron 75 ítems de los 96 propuestos; la segunda tuvo una tasa de respuesta de 80%, y se estimaron los 21 ítems de nueva creación, concluyendo el panel de expertos/as. CONCLUSIONES: Se presenta un instrumento para medir la Autopercepción del Estado de Salud Familiar, desde una perspectiva enfermera. Este puede suponer un avance en el conocimiento científico, al facilitar la valoración del estado de salud de la unidad familiar, permitir detectar sus alteraciones, y facilitar las intervenciones para prevenir las consecuencias de estas sobre la propia unidad familiar y sus miembros. Puede ser usado en la asistencia, investigación o docencia. .

Actitudes de adolescentes hacia la salud: evaluación de un programa escolar de promoción de la salud en Sevilla, España / Attitudes of adolescents regarding health: evaluation of a school-based health promotion program in Seville, Spain

Se examinaron diferencias en las actitudes hacia la salud en el alumnado de cuarto año de educación secundaria obligatoria de Sevilla, el cual fue dividido en dos grupos en función de su participación en el programa "Forma Joven" de promoción de la salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y bivariante. No se observaron diferencias significativas en las características sociodemográficas de los dos grupos, considerándose homogéneos. Las actitudes también fueron similares en ambos; únicamente se encontraron diferencias estadísticas en el grado de peligrosidad asignado a dos de las trece situaciones viales expuestas: "no usar el cinturón de seguridad" e "ir en un vehículo cuando el conductor ha bebido", siendo menor el asignado por los participantes en el programa. Esto coincide con lo verificado en trabajos previos e invita a reflexionar sobre la falta de efectividad de este tipo de programas. En el caso del programa "Forma Joven" podría atribuirse a una deficiente sistematización en su implementación. Sería recomendable proponer intervenciones para aumentar su efectividad.(AU)

The study examined differences in attitudes regarding health within students in their fourth year of mandatory secondary school in Seville, Spain. The students were divided into two groups according to their participation in the "Forma Joven" health promotion program. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was conducted. As there were no significant differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the two groups, the groups were considered homogeneous. Attitudes were also similar in both groups. Statistically significant differences were only found in the level of danger assigned to two of the thirteen transit situations explored: "not using a seatbelt" and "entering a vehicle when the driver has been drinking," with the lower level of risk corresponding to the group of students participating in the program. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies and invites reflection upon the effectiveness of such programs. In the case of the "Forma Joven" program, the ineffectiveness could be attributable to a lack of systematization in the programs implementation. In the future, interventions to increase the effectiveness of the program should be proposed.(AU)

Actitudes de adolescentes hacia la salud: evaluación de un programa escolar de promoción de la salud en Sevilla, España / Attitudes of adolescents regarding health: evaluation of a school-based health promotion program in Seville, Spain

Se examinaron diferencias en las actitudes hacia la salud en el alumnado de cuarto año de educación secundaria obligatoria de Sevilla, el cual fue dividido en dos grupos en función de su participación en el programa "Forma Joven" de promoción de la salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y bivariante. No se observaron diferencias significativas en las características sociodemográficas de los dos grupos, considerándose homogéneos. Las actitudes también fueron similares en ambos; únicamente se encontraron diferencias estadísticas en el grado de peligrosidad asignado a dos de las trece situaciones viales expuestas: "no usar el cinturón de seguridad" e "ir en un vehículo cuando el conductor ha bebido", siendo menor el asignado por los participantes en el programa. Esto coincide con lo verificado en trabajos previos e invita a reflexionar sobre la falta de efectividad de este tipo de programas. En el caso del programa "Forma Joven" podría atribuirse a una deficiente sistematización en su implementación. Sería recomendable proponer intervenciones para aumentar su efectividad.(AU)

The study examined differences in attitudes regarding health within students in their fourth year of mandatory secondary school in Seville, Spain. The students were divided into two groups according to their participation in the "Forma Joven" health promotion program. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was conducted. As there were no significant differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the two groups, the groups were considered homogeneous. Attitudes were also similar in both groups. Statistically significant differences were only found in the level of danger assigned to two of the thirteen transit situations explored: "not using a seatbelt" and "entering a vehicle when the driver has been drinking," with the lower level of risk corresponding to the group of students participating in the program. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies and invites reflection upon the effectiveness of such programs. In the case of the "Forma Joven" program, the ineffectiveness could be attributable to a lack of systematization in the programs implementation. In the future, interventions to increase the effectiveness of the program should be proposed.(AU)

Actitudes de adolescentes hacia la salud: evaluación de un programa escolar de promoción de la salud en Sevilla, España / Attitudes of adolescents regarding health: evaluation of a school-based health promotion program in Seville, Spain

Se examinaron diferencias en las actitudes hacia la salud en el alumnado de cuarto año de educación secundaria obligatoria de Sevilla, el cual fue dividido en dos grupos en función de su participación en el programa "Forma Joven" de promoción de la salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y bivariante. No se observaron diferencias significativas en las características sociodemográficas de los dos grupos, considerándose homogéneos. Las actitudes también fueron similares en ambos; únicamente se encontraron diferencias estadísticas en el grado de peligrosidad asignado a dos de las trece situaciones viales expuestas: "no usar el cinturón de seguridad" e "ir en un vehículo cuando el conductor ha bebido", siendo menor el asignado por los participantes en el programa. Esto coincide con lo verificado en trabajos previos e invita a reflexionar sobre la falta de efectividad de este tipo de programas. En el caso del programa "Forma Joven" podría atribuirse a una deficiente sistematización en su implementación. Sería recomendable proponer intervenciones para aumentar su efectividad.

The study examined differences in attitudes regarding health within students in their fourth year of mandatory secondary school in Seville, Spain. The students were divided into two groups according to their participation in the "Forma Joven" health promotion program. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was conducted. As there were no significant differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the two groups, the groups were considered homogeneous. Attitudes were also similar in both groups. Statistically significant differences were only found in the level of danger assigned to two of the thirteen transit situations explored: "not using a seatbelt" and "entering a vehicle when the driver has been drinking," with the lower level of risk corresponding to the group of students participating in the program. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies and invites reflection upon the effectiveness of such programs. In the case of the "Forma Joven" program, the ineffectiveness could be attributable to a lack of systematization in the program's implementation. In the future, interventions to increase the effectiveness of the program should be proposed.

[Attitudes of adolescents regarding health: evaluation of a school-based health promotion program in Seville, Spain]. / Actitudes de adolescentes hacia la salud: evaluación de un programa escolar de promoción de la salud en Sevilla, España.

The study examined differences in attitudes regarding health within students in their fourth year of mandatory secondary school in Seville, Spain. The students were divided into two groups according to their participation in the "Forma Joven" health promotion program. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was conducted. As there were no significant differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the two groups, the groups were considered homogeneous. Attitudes were also similar in both groups. Statistically significant differences were only found in the level of danger assigned to two of the thirteen transit situations explored: "not using a seatbelt" and "entering a vehicle when the driver has been drinking," with the lower level of risk corresponding to the group of students participating in the program. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies and invites reflection upon the effectiveness of such programs. In the case of the "Forma Joven" program, the ineffectiveness could be attributable to a lack of systematization in the program's implementation. In the future, interventions to increase the effectiveness of the program should be proposed.