Sustained release delivery of favipiravir through statistically optimized, chemically cross-linked, pH-sensitive, swellable hydrogel.

In the current work, favipiravir (an antiviral drug) loaded pH-responsive polymeric hydrogels were developed by the free redical polymerization technique. Box-Behnken design method via Design Expert version 11 was employed to furnish the composition of all hydrogel formulations. Here, polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been utilized as a polymer, acrylic acid (AA) as a monomer, and potassium persulfate (KPS) and methylene-bisacrylamide (MBA) as initiator and cross-linker, respectively. All networks were evaluated for in-vitro drug release (%), sol-gel fraction (%), swelling studies (%), porosity (%), percentage entrapment efficiency, and chemical compatibilities. According to findings, the swelling was pH sensitive and was shown to be greatest at a pH of 6.8 (2500%). The optimum gel fraction offered was 97.8%. A sufficient porosity allows the hydrogel to load a substantial amount of favipiravir despite its hydrophobic behavior. Hydrogels exhibited maximum entrapment efficiency of favipiravir upto 98%. The in-vitro release studies of drug-formulated hydrogel revealed that the drug release from hydrogel was between 85 to 110% within 24 h. Drug-release kinetic results showed that the Korsmeyer Peppas model was followed by most of the developed formulations based on the R2 value. In conclusion, the hydrogel-based technology proved to be an excellent option for creating the sustained-release dosage form of the antiviral drug favipiravir.

The Fluorescence Sensing Capability of 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone Towards Metal Ions and Imaging Cells.

Fluorescence and colorimetric sensors have gained significant traction in diverse scientific domains, including environmental, agricultural, and pharmaceutical chemistry. This article comprehensively surveys recent advancements in developing sensors employing 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone(1,4-DHAQ). The study delves into the unique properties of 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone(1,4-DHAQ) as a sensor, focusing on its capacity to detect Cu2+ ions and elucidating its fluorescence quenching mechanisms. Furthermore, the interaction of dihydroxyanthraquinone with Ga(III), Al(III), and In(III) ions is explored under both aqueous and non-aqueous conditions, leading to the formation of distinctive fluorescent species. The investigation extends to factors influencing ligand behavior, including time dependency, temperature, solvent type, counterions, and pH levels. These key parameters are systematically analyzed to understand sensor performance better. In conclusion, the article investigates the utility of the 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone-Zn2+ probe as a versatile sensing platform for phosphate anions, particularly in live cell imaging. The findings contribute to the evolving landscape of sensor technologies, offering insights into the diverse applications and potential advancements in this burgeoning field.