Author Correction: Real-world evidence and clinical observations of the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Antibody Affinity, Total Antibody Activity, and Protein Content to Anti-HBs Antigen Among Sudanese and Chinese Using Terminal Antibody Method.

BACKGROUND: Generally, HBV infection serum markers have been globally measured, and the analysis of entire an-tibody details include the affinity, total protein content and antibody activity are rarely measured between two different ethnic groups. We detected and determined the entire characteristics of anti-HBs (antibody to HBs anti-gen) among Sudanese and Chinese HBV resolved patient's using a terminal antibody (TA) method. METHOD: Serum samples of Sudanese and Chinese resolved HBV infection positive anti-HBs were collected. All se-rum samples were diluted in serial dilutions (20, 40, 80, and 160 dilutions). Anti-HB markers were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), antibody affinity, total protein content, and total antibody activity to anti-HBs were calculated according to the results obtained for each dilution. RESULTS: The antibody affinity to HBV statistically showed higher significance among Sudanese than Chinese (p < 0.05). The total antibody activity to HBV among Sudanese was higher statistically than Chinese patients (p < 0.05). Statistically, there was a high correlation between age and antibody affinity to HBV among Sudanese compared to the Chinese group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of the antibody affinity, total antibody activity, and protein content of anti-HBs among Sudanese and Chinese, two different ethnic groups, may predict HBV infection status among African race and Asian race, and in addition, may play an important role in a high or a low incidence of the disease between different ethnicities.

Real-world evidenceand clinical observations of the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

To summarize the therapeutic effects of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors on patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a real-world setting, we attempted to identify potential molecular biomarkers or clinical factors that reflected the therapeutic effect. The medical records of patients with non-small cell lung cancer who were treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were obtained from the outpatient department or inpatient department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from August 1, 2015, to January 1, 2018. Our follow-up continued until May 1,2018. We chose overall survival (OS) as the primary observation endpoint and progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety as the secondary observation endpoints. Efficacy was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate survival curves, and we compared the influence of different factors on PFS and OS by the log-rank test. The median follow-up time was 11 months. At the end of the follow-up, 24 patients (61.5%) were still undergoing immunotherapy, and 7 patients (17.9%) had died. Twenty-six cases (66.7%) employed PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as first-line treatment, and 7 cases (17.9%) employed PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as second-line treatment. Only 6 cases (15.4%) employed PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as third-line treatment. Therapeutic effect evaluation: Complete response (CR): 1 case (2.6%). Partial response (PR): 10 cases (25.6%). Stable disease (SD): 16 cases (41.0%). Progressive disease (PD): 12 cases (30.8%). The ORR was 28.2%, and DCR was 69.2%. The median PFS was 25.5 months (95% CI 6.8-44.1 months), which failed to reach the median OS. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment is more effective for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients in a real-world setting than in clinical trials; PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment is more effective for people who are over 70 than for people who are under 70. Additionally, patients who are over 75 years old have a higher response rate, suggesting that elderly patients may receive more benefits from immunotherapy; Patients who have an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (+) may benefit from immunotherapy after treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). It is essential to identify these potential patients from the entire patient pool; PD-1 may have a certain curative effect on brain metastases from NSCLC. Local radiotherapy may help to improve PD-1 intracranial efficacy.

Curative effect assessment of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: The "blind area" of Immune Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST).

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy has considerably changed the treatment of lung cancer. As immunotherapy has a special mechanism of action, the disease remission that it can induce is unique. Recently, Immune Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST), which focus on assessing the apparent curative effect of immunotherapy, have become widely accepted. Based on iRECIST criteria, if the response to immunotherapy is determined to be immunity-confirmed progressive disease or immunity-unconfirmed progressive disease, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score is worse than before treatment, immunotherapy should be discontinued. We report two immunity-confirmed progressive disease cases after pembrolizumab treatment and one immunity-unconfirmed progressive disease case after nivolumab treatment. All three patients benefited from continued immunotherapy, which indicates that the iRECIST criteria may have limitations in assessing the efficacy of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Refractory chylous pleural effusion with systemic lupus erythematosus : Surgical treatment when steroid/immunosuppressant resistant.

We analyzed four cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with chylous pleural effusion treated in our hospital from June 2013 to May 2017. The three females and one male ranged in age from 22 to 33 years. The length of disease course was 20 to 120 months. Treatment with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants (cyclophosphamide or cyclosporine A) did not reduce chylous pleural effusion. Lymphatic obstruction was found in all patients after direct lymphangiography and the pleural effusion was significantly reduced after surgery. A literature search identified six previously reported patients with SLE and chylous pleural effusion. Five were sensitive to classic immunosuppression treatment, probably due to early intervention. However, as shown here, the thoracic duct can be involved in SLE, leading to an intractable chylous pleural effusion with no response to medical treatment. Surgery would be a better choice when lymphatic mechanical obstruction is found.

[Current Status for Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer].

The incidence of ALK gene rearrangement in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was about 3% to 5%. ALK gene inhibitors have made great breakthrough in recent years, significantly extending the survival period of patients with ALK(+) advanced NSCLC. But the majority of patients will be acquired drug resistance after treatment. This article has been explained separately from the ALK genetic background, the detection method, the treatment of the three generations of ALK inhibitors and the strategy after drug resistance. It is desire to have reference value and reference meaning for clinical work.
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Alectinib treatment response in lung adenocarcinoma patient with novel EML4-ALK variant.

Common gene fusion of the ALK gene is fusion of the ALK tyrosine kinase area and the 5'end of EML4. Seventeen EML4-ALK fusion variants have been reported. Herein, we report a novel EML4-ALK variant detected by next-generation sequencing in a 36-year-old female lung adenocarcinoma patient who experienced disease progression after six months of alectinib treatment. Second generation sequencing revealed an EML4-ALK fusion variant in which intron 19 of EML4 was fused to exon 20 of ALK. This is the first case of EML4-ALK (E19: A20) fusion to be reported. Alectinib may show unsatisfactory therapeutic effects for this kind of ALK fusion.

Clinical Significance of Pelvic Peritonization in Laparoscopic Dixon Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Pelvic floor peritoneum reconstruction is a key step in various standard resections for open radical rectal cancer. However, during endoscopic surgery, most surgeons do not close the pelvic floor peritoneum. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of pelvic peritonization during laparoscopic Dixon surgery using an observational study. METHODS: A total of 189 patients, who underwent laparoscopic Dixon surgery at Tianjin Union Medical Center, China, were analyzed retrospectively. All of the cases were divided into two groups according to the differences of surgical procedure. The 92 patients in Group A (observation group) underwent pelvic peritonization and the 97 patients in Group B (control group) did not undergo this procedure. Postoperative complications were observed in the two groups, compared, and analyzed using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The incidence of anastomotic leakage was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B (P = 0.014). A significant difference was found in the postoperative short-term (P = 0.029) and long-term (P = 0.029) ileus rates between the two groups, with Group A exhibiting a lower rate than Group B. Patients in Group A had significantly lower rates of postoperative infections than those in Group B (χ2 = 7.606, P = 0.006; χ2 = 4.464, P = 0.035). Patients in Group A had significantly lower rates of deep venous thrombosis than those in Group B (χ2 = 8.531, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic peritonization effectively reduces postoperative complications, such as anastomotic leakage, which warrants its increased use in laparoscopic surgery.

A p-Type Zinc-Based Metal-Organic Framework.

An original concept for the property tuning of semiconductors is demonstrated by the synthesis of a p-type zinc oxide (ZnO)-like metal-organic framework (MOF), (ZnC2O3H2)n, which can be regarded as a possible alternative for ZnO, a natural n-type semiconductor. When small oxygen-rich organic linkers are introduced to the Zn-O system, oxygen vacancies and a deep valence-band maximum, the two obstacles for generating p-type behavior in ZnO, are restrained and raised, respectively. Further studies of this material on the doping and photoluminescence behaviors confirm its resemblance to metal oxides (MOs). This result answers the challenges of generating p-type behavior in an n-type-like system. This concept reveals that a new category of hybrid materials, with an embedded continuous metal-oxygen network, lies between the MOs and MOFs. It provides concrete support for the development of p-type hybrid semiconductors in the near future and, more importantly, the enrichment of tuning possibilities in inorganic semiconductors.

A terminal antibody method based on multiple factors that influence ELISA results for measurement of antibody affinity in clinical specimens.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a new method for the measurement of antibody affinity in clinical samples. METHODS: Serial dilutions of antiserum samples were prepared to find the threshold concentration of antibody separating detectable from negative ELISA results. This threshold concentration was defined as the terminal antibody (TA) concentration, and a new method for measuring antibody affinity based on the effect of multiple factors that influence ELISA results at TA concentration was established, which we called the TA method. The TA method was used to measure low- and high-affinity antiserum samples to verify the validity of the method, and then was used to measure the affinity of the antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen and affinity of antibody to Hepatitis C Virus in clinical serum specimens. RESULTS: Low- and high-affinity antiserum samples could be clearly distinguished by TA method. The antibody affinity in anti-HBe positive group was significantly higher than that of anti-HBe negative group; the affinity of antibody to HCV in HCV-RNA negative group was significantly higher than that of HCV-RNA positive group. CONCLUSIONS: The TA method for measuring antibody affinity in clinical specimens displayed its validation and that may have potential application value in clinical settings.

Bis(2,2'-bipyridine)[1,9-bis(diphenylphos-phanyl)-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octahydropyrim-ido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-5-ium]ruthenium(II) hexa-fluorido-phosphate dibromide di-chloro-methane disolvate monohydrate.

In the cation of the title complex, [Ru(C31H32N3P2)(C10H8N2)2](PF6)(Br)2·2CH2Cl2·H2O, the ruthenium ion is coordinated in a distorted octa-hedral geometry by two 2,2'-bi-pyridine (bpy) ligands and a chelating cationic N-di-phenyl-phosphino-1,3,4,6,7,8-hexa-hydro-2-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine [(PPh2)2-hpp] ligand. The tricationic charge of the complex is balanced by two bromide and one hexa-fluorido-phosphate counter-anions. The compound crystallized with two mol-ecules of di-chloro-methane (one of which is equally disordered about a Cl atom) and a water mol-ecule. In the crystal, one of the Br anions bridges two water mol-ecules via O-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, forming a centrosymmetric diamond-shaped R (4) 2(8) motif. The cation and anions and the solvent mol-ecules are linked via C-H⋯F, C-H⋯Br, C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.