Prevalence and incidence of oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in indigenous populations: a systematic review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: This review will determine the prevalence and incidence of oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in indigenous populations. INTRODUCTION: There are approximately 476 million indigenous individuals worldwide. Oral cancer affected over 350,000 people globally in 2018, with approximately 80% of cases occurring in the indigenous population. Moreover, the incidence of pre-cancerous lesions is high in this population, accounting for 48.3%. Limited evidence exists regarding the burden of oral cancer among indigenous populations despite research on oral health disparities in this group. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Studies on the burden of oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in indigenous groups, considering rates, ratios (prevalence or mortality), or survival proportions, will be considered for inclusion. There will be no limitations on study design, language, age, gender, or geography. We will exclude studies that only identify, diagnose, or screen oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions without mentioning prevalence and incidence. METHODS: This review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of prevalence and incidence. Databases to be searched will include MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (EBSCOhost). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, OAIster, International Association for Dental Research conference abstracts, Google Scholar, government reports, and cancer registry reports will also be screened for unpublished studies. Two reviewers will independently screen articles, and data will be extracted using a customized form. Narrative data synthesis will be conducted and, where appropriate, meta-analysis will be performed. Methodological quality will be assessed using JBI's critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies. REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42023402858.

Comparative evaluation of calcium phosphate-based varnish and resin-modified glass ionomer-based varnish in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of MI varnish and Clinpro XT varnish in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with cervical dentinal hypersensitivity were selected for the study. The teeth to be tested were isolated. Then, a blast of air and ice cold water was applied on the tooth surface, and the score was measured by visual analog scale. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups (Group 1: MI varnish; Group 2; Clinpro XT varnish). The manufacturer's instructions were followed. The sensitivity scores were recorded immediately and after 1 week of therapy. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon-matched pairs test were used for the analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Although both varnishes were shown to reduce the dentinal hypersensitivity in patients, according to statistics, MI Varnish was a better agent to reduce dentinal hypersensitivity than Clinpro XT varnish.

(11)C-Methionine positron emission tomography-computed tomography in localization of methoxyisobutyl isonitrile negative ectopic parathyroid adenoma.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by parathyroid adenomas in 85% of the cases. Since parathyroid adenomas are known for their ectopic location, presurgical localization of the suspected site of adenoma is desirable. However, current imaging modalities are not always successful in localizing ectopic parathyroid adenomas. The aim of this case report is to show that (11)C-methionine positron emission tomography could accurately localize ectopic parathyroid adenomas in patients in whom conventional imaging had failed or is inconclusive.

Characterization of 'cold' vertebrae on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

INTRODUCTION: A photon-deficient ('cold') vertebra on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET is a known entity and can arise as a result of varying etiologies. A proper interpretation of this observation is required to make an accurate diagnosis for appropriate management. METHODS: Twelve cases with 'cold' vertebrae on F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) were selected and analyzed from a population of 600 patients with a known malignancy who had undergone whole-body F-FDG PET/CT for staging, disease viability assessment, response to treatment, or suspected recurrence purposes. The patterns were studied and correlated with clinical history and the results of the low-dose CT performed with the PET scan for attenuation correction and anatomical localization. RESULTS: The most common cause for cold vertebrae was found to be postexternal radiotherapy, causing photopenia involving multiple vertebrae corresponding to the radiotherapy portals. Two other causes found in the study were the destruction of the vertebral marrow cavity by metastatic tumor cells and vertebral hemangioma. Characteristic features of 'cold' vertebrae have been described in the study with illustrations. CONCLUSION: Pattern recognition coupled with clinical history and CT correlation of 'cold' vertebrae on F-FDG PET/CT can help in diagnosing the correct underlying etiology, which can help in better management of the patients.