RESUMEN
The results of monitoring of qualitative content of 8 onco-antigens (CK, CA-242, CA-19-9, CA-125, REA, AFP, SCC, NSE) in serum of 414 patients are presented. The examination of 62 patients with tumors of different localization was carried our in dynamics before and after treatment. The monitoring of concentration of onco-antigens in serum permitted to apply early diagnostics of malignant process to 9 out of 28 patients with unclear clinical symptomatic. The technique informativeness is demonstrated in pre-clinical diagnostic and prognosis of course of oncological diseases. The possibility of transitory increase of concentration of certain onco-antigens under non-oncologic diseases returning to normal values after application of corresponding pharmaceutical treatment is revealed. The broader implementation of this technique into practice of public health is recommended.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Neoplasias/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/cirugía , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , ProhibitinasRESUMEN
Study of humoral immunity, morphofunctional status of cell factors of immunologic reactivity (T-lymphocytes, neutrophils) and intestinal microecology allowed design of comprehensive pathogenetic therapy of oral lichen.
Asunto(s)
Factores Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Liquen Plano Oral/tratamiento farmacológico , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Bifidobacterium , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular , Liquen Plano Oral/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A new phenomenon is discovered: Helicobacter pylori suppressed production of superoxide radical by neutrophils, while intracellular production of oxygen radicals is considerably activated. This phenomenon seems to play an important role in Helicobacter modulation of the inflammatory process in the stomach and persistence of the bacterium in the inflammatory focus.
Asunto(s)
Helicobacter pylori/fisiología , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Humanos , Neutrófilos/microbiología , FagocitosisRESUMEN
It was shown that hen egg-white lysozyme (LM) in the dose 100 mg/kg under the daily intragastral use slightly inhibited tumor grown or did not influence significantly upon it and did not change antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide. When used at mice C57Bl/6J with the transplanted ascitic or solid T-cell lymphoma EL4 (syngeneic system). On model of the same tumors in ascitic form at mice-hybrids (C57Bl/6J x DBA2)F1 (semisingeneic system) LM significantly potentiates antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide, though it had no effect on the rate of tumor growth. Potentiation of the effect of cyclophosphamide revealed itself in more slow development of ascite, increased mean life-span and the overall survival, appearance of completely cured animals. Our clinic-laboratory studies have revealed a sharp deficit of endogenic lysozyme in the blood serum of leukemic patients and extremely low lysozyme content in lavage liquid, from leukemic patients, with pneumonia. These data suggest that LM can be useful as a food additive in the complex treatment of oncological patients for enhancing antineoplastic chemotherapy efficacy.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/farmacología , Ciclofosfamida/farmacología , Linfoma/patología , Muramidasa/farmacología , Animales , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos DBARESUMEN
The content of nuclear high mobility group (HMG) proteins, activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and also glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and composition were studied in leukocytes of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the phase of blast crisis (BC CML). Myeloid and lymphoid cytochemical variants of BC CML differ by biochemical parameters. It is suggested, that the content of HMG-proteins, activities of ODC and PNP, and electrophoretic patterns of GAGs could be used in diagnostics of two main variants of BC CML.
Asunto(s)
Crisis Blástica/sangre , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/sangre , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Crisis Blástica/enzimología , Glicosaminoglicanos/sangre , Proteínas del Grupo de Alta Movilidad/sangre , Humanos , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/enzimología , Leucocitos/enzimología , Ornitina Descarboxilasa/sangre , Purina-Nucleósido Fosforilasa/sangreRESUMEN
To evaluate permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) some immunological and biochemical indices were used. The levels of the activity of serum kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), compliment system, C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, blood inhibitory potential, metabolic and degranulating activities of neutrophils, as well as functional activity of leukocytic elastase were investigated in 30 patients. Acute schizophrenic attack was accompanied by both activation of KKS and by the increase of functional activity of alfa-1-proteinase inhibitor. The increase of CRP levels, high hemolytic activity of complement as well as considerable degranulating activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes may be the causes of the damage of BBB permeability during acute schizophrenic attack.
Asunto(s)
Barrera Hematoencefálica , Degranulación de la Célula , Sistema Calicreína-Quinina/fisiología , Neutrófilos/fisiología , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Proteínas del Sistema Complemento/análisis , Humanos , Leucocitos/enzimología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Elastasa Pancreática/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteasas/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Antibacterianos/historia , Antineoplásicos/historia , Interferones/historia , Muramidasa/historia , Prodigiozán/historia , Animales , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Antivirales/historia , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada/historia , Quimioterapia Combinada/uso terapéutico , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Interferones/uso terapéutico , Muramidasa/uso terapéutico , Prodigiozán/aislamiento & purificación , Prodigiozán/uso terapéutico , Investigación/historiaRESUMEN
The evidence on the treatment of 146 cases of blastic (myeloid-101, lymphoblastic-45) crisis (BC) have been analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of different schemes of polychemotherapy (PCT) administered for blastic crisis myeloid leukemia (CML). The study of the 7 + 3, 7 + 3 + B. RP, VRP, RAP, VAP, CROMP. COP + Rub schemes as well as large doses of cytosar showed the 7 + 3 and RAP to be the most effective for myeloid BC and COP + Rub and VAP-for lymphoblastic one. Complete clinico-hematologic remission was 55 and 56%, respectively, in myeloid BC and 50 and 57%, respectively, in lymphoblastic BC. Relatively lower antitumor effect was recorded for the CROMP and RP in myeloid and the VRP in lymphoblastic crisis. Actuarial survival was assessed both for the entire CML group and each type of crisis and PCT scheme, and it was shown that more cases of lymphoblastic BC survived while fewer of them survive 3-5 years. However, 6-year survival rates were identical in both groups. Survival in the 7 + 3 group appeared to be higher than that in the VRP group suffering from lymphoblastic. BC. To summarize, the 7 + 3 and RAP schemes proved the most effective treatment for myeloid BC, while the COP + Rub and VAP for lymphoblastic BC.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Crisis Blástica/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Linfoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide de Fase Acelerada/tratamiento farmacológico , Análisis Actuarial , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Linfoide/patología , Leucemia Mieloide de Fase Acelerada/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamiento farmacológico , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
To elucidate feasibility of accurate diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) without cytogenetic and molecular-genetic investigations as well as to specify CML diagnostic criteria, clinicohematological parameters were compared in two groups of patients: with Ph'-chromosome and/or rearrangement of fragment bcr (group 1), with unknown karyotype in whom detection of bcr fragment rearrangement was not made. Clinicohematological parameters in both groups were close in absolute value and underwent parallel changes in the course of leukemia progression. In group 1, patients in progressive and blastic phase compared to patients in chronic phase had a 14-fold increase in the number of additional cytogenetic anomalies. In patients with tumor transformation fragment bcr underwent rearrangement according to type B2A2. Thus, the diagnosis of typical CML variants is feasible without detection of Ph'-chromosome and/or rearrangement of bcr fragment. It is especially true and essential for patients in the chronic phase. The data obtained provide more accurate diagnostic criteria of CML.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Médula Ósea/ultraestructura , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Hepatomegalia/diagnóstico , Humanos , Cariotipificación , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/sangre , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Esplenomegalia/diagnóstico , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
The effectiveness of domestic alpha 2-interferon preparation reaferon was studied in vivo and in vitro for eradication of pathological hemopoietic clone in chronic myeloid leukemia. Reaferon administration for 1-30 months produced cytogenetic remission in 7%, hematological remission in 21%, partial hematological remission in 36% of the patients. Reaferon is indicated in chronic myeloid leukemia without splenomegaly. In the disease progression reaferon is uneffective. Mechanism of reaferon therapeutic action comprises three components: a direct antiproliferative effect on hemopoietic precursor cells, activation of cellular immunity, an effect on stem cell microenvironment.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Interferón Tipo I/administración & dosificación , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/terapia , Adulto , Antígenos CD/sangre , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Examen de la Médula Ósea , Enfermedad Crónica , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Hidroxiurea/administración & dosificación , Interferón alfa-2 , Interferón-alfa , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/sangre , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/inmunología , Masculino , Proteínas Recombinantes , Inducción de Remisión , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The level of thymidine kinase activity in the premature leukocytes of patients with chronic myeloleukemia during the stable phase was shown to serve as a measure of the disease development. Considerable variations in thymidine kinase activity in blast cells in myeloid and lymphoid blast crises demonstrated that analysis of the enzyme activity might be used in the biochemical diagnosis of blast crisis in chronic myeloleukemia simultaneously with the enzymes of purine metabolism--ADA and PNP. During cell differentiation, the activity of thymidine kinase was decreased and in the myeloid cells the enzymatic activity was much higher of that in lymphoid cells as shown by investigations using blast cells of patients with blast crisis in chronic myeloleukemia, cells K-562, thymocytes, spleen and peripheric blood lymphocytes. Isozyme thymidine kinase I was mainly responsible for the rate of enzymatic activity in premature leukocytes of patients with chronic myeloleukemia regardless of the disease stage.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/enzimología , Leucocitos/enzimología , Timidina Quinasa/sangre , Crisis Blástica , Humanos , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/patologíaRESUMEN
Actual problems of organization and performance of chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy of surgical opportunistic infections are discussed with an account of the main principles of and new approaches to the use of antibacterial drugs. The analysis of the authors' observations showed that the pre- and postoperative use of parenteral antibacterial drugs such as cephalosporins (cefazolin and ceftriaxone) and their combinations with aminoglycosides, the simultaneous use of beta-lactams and lysozyme, the local application of new ointments based on polyethylenglycol, foaming agents and gentacycol were prophylactically efficient in patients with high risk of surgical infections. Endolymphatic administration of gentamicin and cefotaxime was highly efficient in the treatment and prophylaxis of severe surgical infections with lymphogenous dissemination of the pathogen or its risk. In the prophylaxis of endogenous infections special attention should be paid to the suppression of the opportunistic intestinal microflora by the use of fluorquinolones and selective decontamination followed by the correction of the intestinal microbiocenosis with probiotics (bifidobacteria), lysozyme and immunological lactoglobulins as dosage forms or dry milk biologically active additives to children diet and dietotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Bacterianas/prevención & control , Infecciones Oportunistas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Oportunistas/prevención & control , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Cuidados Posoperatorios , Premedicación , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/prevención & controlRESUMEN
The authors studied spontaneous DNA damages and the extra plan synthesis of DNA in various leukemias (chronic lympholeukemia, chronic myeloleukemia, acute leukemia) to predict the natural course of leukemias and the efficiency of chemotherapy. The level of genuine DNA breaks, which had been determined by the nic-translation test, was lower in peripheral blood cell DNA in all leukemias than that in the lymphocytes and granulocytes from donors. On the contrary, the levels of alkaline-labile DNA sites and nuclear matrix protein-bound DNA in the mature and maturing leukemia cells are high and decrease with progression of chronic lympholeukemia and chronic myeloleukemia. The extra plan DNA synthesis largely reflects the cellular levels of genuine DNA breaks, and the ultraviolet-induced DNA repair capacity is the highest in the lymphocytes in chronic lympholeukemia and particularly in the blasts in acute leukemia. The efficiency of chemotherapy was predicted during chemotherapy from the intensity of formation of genuine blast cell DNA breaks.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Daño del ADN , ADN de Neoplasias/efectos de los fármacos , Leucemia/sangre , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Reparación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Reparación del ADN/efectos de la radiación , ADN de Neoplasias/sangre , ADN de Neoplasias/efectos de la radiación , ADN de Cadena Simple/sangre , ADN de Cadena Simple/efectos de los fármacos , ADN de Cadena Simple/efectos de la radiación , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Leucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Leucocitos/efectos de la radiación , Pronóstico , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/metabolismo , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/efectos de la radiación , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
A state of the kallikrein-kinin system, activity of proteolysis inhibitors were studied simultaneously with the functional activity of neutrophils and content of lysozyme in blood serum of 21 patients with chronic kidney insufficiency. Two types of alterations in the kallikrein-kinin system were found in 13 patients maintained on hemodialysis: in four patients content of kallikrein was increased 8-fold as compared with normal level with a decrease in content of prekallikrein, while in nine patients activity of kallikrein was similar to control values but content of prekallikrein was still further decreased. Content of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (PI) was distinctly decreased (2-2.5-fold) in these patients, however, the decrease of the inhibitor was not observed in four patients; activity of alpha 2-macroglobulin tended to decrease. The ratio of active neutrophils and content of lysozyme were increased in blood serum of the majority of the patients. Hemodialysis, activation of the kallikrein-kinin system and stimulation of neutrophils appear to be responsible for a decrease in PI activity. The decrease in the PI activity and stimulation of the kallikrein-kinin system suggest that impairments in regulation of proteolysis could be corrected by means of exogenous proteinase inhibitors. In crisis of allogenic kidney rejection activities of PI and prekallikrein were decreased. Drastic, uneven alterations of the patterns studied were detected in pyo-inflammatory complications not related to the rejection crisis.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Calicreína-Quinina/fisiología , Fallo Renal Crónico/inmunología , Trasplante de Riñón , alfa 1-Antitripsina/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidrólisis , Fallo Renal Crónico/fisiopatología , Neutrófilos/fisiología , Diálisis Renal , Trasplante Homólogo , alfa-Macroglobulinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
With the aim to study effectiveness+ of endolymphatic (EL) administration of ampicillin (AC), using the model of an acute diffuse septic peritonitis in dogs, the morphological and morphometrical investigation has been performed concerning the state of the lymph nodes (LN), which are regional as regards the pathological focus (pelvic) and remote (tracheobronchial, mesenteric) and hemomicrocirculatory bed (HMCB) of the small intestine mesentery. All LN groups studied are involved in the pathological process, that produces certain increasing disturbances in the structure and cell composition in LN. In 6 h the changes are especially manifested in the pelvic LN, and in 18 h--in the animals without application of AC, or at its intramuscular injection LN lose their typical structure. Their dimensions and number of lymphoid nodules++ and medullary cords decrease, a sharp impoverishment of lymphocytes in LN is observed. By this time critical disturbances in the HMCB structure develop; they are characterized as presence of great amount of avascular areas in the mesentery, extended capillary loops, plasmatic saturation of interstitium. When AC is injected endolymphatically, simultaneously with peritonitis modelling T- and B-dependent zones in LN are preserved, a high volumetric part of lymphocytes is kept in all groups of LN, structure and function of HMCB are normalized. The pronounced delay in development and decreasing manifestation of infective-toxic disorder in LN and HMCB depend on effective concentrations of the antibiotic, produces in the lymphatic system.
Asunto(s)
Ampicilina/administración & dosificación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Intestino Delgado/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Mesenterio/patología , Peritonitis/patología , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Perros , Femenino , Inyecciones Intralinfáticas , Intestino Delgado/irrigación sanguínea , Intestino Delgado/efectos de los fármacos , Ganglios Linfáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Ganglios Linfáticos/fisiopatología , Masculino , Mesenterio/irrigación sanguínea , Mesenterio/efectos de los fármacos , Microcirculación/efectos de los fármacos , Microcirculación/patología , Microcirculación/fisiopatología , Peritonitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Peritonitis/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The effect of lysozyme (2 mg/kg) on pharmacokinetics of ampicillin (60 mg/kg) and the lymph nodes was studied in a model of experimental diffuse peritonitis in 52 dogs. The drugs were administered intramuscularly in single doses simultaneously with simulation of the pathological process. Under such conditions, lysozyme promoted an increase in the ampicillin concentration in the lymphatic system, blood and tissues and prolonged the antibacterial activity to 18 hours of the experiment. This resulted in retarding lympho- and hematogenic dissemination of the infection from the primary focus and lowered the infectious and toxic affection of the regional lymph nodes, thus securing their barrier and immunological function. With lysozyme used in combination with the antibiotic the immunomorphological zones of the lymph nodes appeared to be preserved and the volumetric proportion of macrophages increased. Then the volumetric proportion of the blast cells and the frequency of macrophagal and lymphocytic interactions also increased. The most pronounced cell interactions were observed in the distal (tracheobronchial) lymph nodes whose functions before the infection generalization were mainly immunological.
Asunto(s)
Ampicilina/administración & dosificación , Muramidasa/administración & dosificación , Peritonitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ampicilina/farmacocinética , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Perros , Femenino , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Linfa/efectos de los fármacos , Linfa/metabolismo , Ganglios Linfáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Ganglios Linfáticos/metabolismo , Masculino , Peritonitis/metabolismoRESUMEN
The paper summarizes data on the activity of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase which contribute to purine nucleotide degradation. The enzyme activity was studied in leukocytes of varying degree of differentiation obtained from 29 cases with chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 19 patients with acute phase of the disease and from blasts of 32 cases with CML-associated blast crisis. In CML patients, lymphocytes of leukemic clones showed various levels of activity of the enzymes. Myeloid and lymphoid blast crises proved biochemically heterogeneous. The possibility to establish the nature of blast crisis in CML on the basis of profile of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase in blasts is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Adenosina Desaminasa/sangre , Crisis Blástica/diagnóstico , Pruebas Enzimáticas Clínicas , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/patología , Purina-Nucleósido Fosforilasa/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Donantes de Sangre , Granulocitos/enzimología , Humanos , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/diagnóstico , Leucocitos/enzimologíaRESUMEN
Antitoxic effect of lysozyme was shown on a model of experimental acute toxic hepatitis of rats and mice. Administration of lysozyme to the animals in a dose of 5 mg/kg 24 hours before administration of carbon tetrachloride markedly decreased the level of morphological damages in the liver tissue and promoted a decrease in increased levels of alanine aminotransferase in blood serum. Higher levels of lysozyme in blood serum and cells of mouse peritoneal exudate 3 hours after administration of lysozyme were observed. The role of lysozyme as one of the main products secreted by activated macrophages in providing the general and antitoxic resistance of hepatocytes is discussed. Possible use of lysozyme as a hepatoprotective agent is suggested.
Asunto(s)
Intoxicación por Tetracloruro de Carbono/patología , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/prevención & control , Hígado/patología , Muramidasa/farmacología , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
By means of morphological, morphometrical and histochemical methods pelvic and tracheobronchial lymph nodes have been studied in dogs and concentration of lysozyme has been estimated in blood serum, in lymph and the lymph nodes after a single intramuscular injection of lysozyme (2 mg/kg of body mass). In the material investigated total concentration of lysozyme reaches its maximal values in 6 h after injection, then it gradually decreases and in 48 h reaches its control level. Morphometrically changes in cell composition are revealed predominantly of immune-competent cells in T- and B-dependent zones of the lymph nodes. Thus, the volumetric part of lymphoblasts in the germinative centers of the lymphoid nodules reaches its maximal indices by 48 h after lysozyme injection, while plasmatization of the paracortical zone and of medullary cords increases up to the 7th day. By the 14th day the volumetric part of lymphoblasts, immunoblasts and plasmocytes decreases gradually, and in 21 days after injection of the drug contents of the blast forms of the cells in the structural-functional zones of the lymph nodes does not differ from that in the control. The data obtained demonstrate the immunomorphological rearrangement of the lymph nodes in response to the exogenic lysozyme administration.