Measurements of electron density profile by frequency modulated continuous wave reflectometer in the T-10 tokamak using high magnetic field side probing and extraordinary mode lower cutoff.

A new, previously unused combination of the high magnetic field side probing and the lower extraordinary mode cutoff was used in the T-10 tokamak for the electron density profile measurements by using a frequency modulation continuous wave reflectometer. This scheme has a significant advantage for large fusion machines where flat electron density profiles and high electron temperatures are expected. The reflectometer design is based on a common scheme with voltage controlled oscillators, active multipliers, and in-phase/quadrature signal detection. Iterative procedures were applied to calibrate a microwave source frequency and compensate the dispersion of probing signals in the conventional rectangular waveguides used as the transmission lines. About 0.2% stability of the beating frequency was reached after the calibration procedure had been finished. An advanced finite-difference scheme was proposed for the reconstruction of the electron density profile to reduce errors and improve the overall performance of the algorithm. Reconstructed electron density profiles demonstrate good agreement with conventional T-10 diagnostic data. Some specific technical and physical aspects of the diagnostic were also discussed on the basis of T-10 operation experience.

EVACUATION OF PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY FAILURE ON EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION.

Realising for thefirst time in Russia the transportation of a patient with critical respiratory failure in conditions of EC-MO-therapy, the authors have accumulated great experience of its application at the stage of inter-hospital evacuation. This category ofpatients previously considered non-transportable by the severity of their condition. Having conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical experience in the use of high-tech medical care method, the authors received a zero mortality and questioned the possible new criteria and recommendations in assessing risk of death in patients with life-threatening conditions at the stage of inter-hospital transportation.

[The first experience of transporting a patient with severe respiratory failure in conditions of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation].

This publication is the first case report, in the Russian Federation aircraft evacuation of a patient with severe respiratory failure due to pneumonia of viral and bacterial etiology with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The use of this method helped to stabilize the patient's condition and safely carry out transportation to a specialized medical institution for further treatment.

[Prophylactics of postpuncture syndrome after central neuroaxial blockades].

The article presents data of an analysis of anesthesiologic maintenance of 3410 cesarean sections under conditions of spinal and epidural anesthesia. A detailed examination of 378 women has shown that frequency of the development of postinjection syndrome depends on the area of the defect of dura mater and the volume of lost cerebrospinal fluid. Postinjection syndrome can be prevented by using special needles leaving a less defect in dura mater and by introduction of 10-15 ml of sterile isotonic solution of sodium chloride into the epidural space.