The role of oxidative stress in intervertebral disc degeneration: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Oxidative stress is one of the main driving mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD). Oxidative stress has been associated with inflammation in the intervertebral disc, cellular senescence, autophagy, and epigenetics of intervertebral disc cells. It and the above pathological mechanisms are closely linked through the common hub reactive oxygen species(ROS), and promote each other in the process of disc degeneration and promote the development of the disease. This reveals the important role of oxidative stress in the process of IDD, and the importance and great potential of IDD therapy targeting oxidative stress. The efficacy of traditional therapy is unstable or cannot be maintained. In recent years, due to the rise of materials science, many bioactive functional materials have been applied in the treatment of IDD, and through the combination with traditional drugs, satisfactory efficacy has been achieved. At present, the research review of antioxidant bioactive materials in the treatment of IDD is not complete. Based on the existing studies, the mechanism of oxidative stress in IDD and the common antioxidant therapy were summarized in this paper, and the strategies based on emerging bioactive materials were reviewed.

Plant molecules reinforce bone repair: Novel insights into phenol-modified bone tissue engineering scaffolds for the treatment of bone defects.

Bone defects have become a major cause of disability and death. To overcome the limitations of natural bone implants, including donor shortages and immune rejection risks, bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds have emerged as a promising therapy for bone defects. Despite possessing good biocompatibility, these metal, ceramic and polymer-based scaffolds are still challenged by the harsh conditions in bone defect sites. ROS accumulation, bacterial infection, excessive inflammation, compromised blood supply deficiency and tumor recurrence negatively impact bone tissue cells (BTCs) and hinder the osteointegration of BTE scaffolds. Phenolic compounds, derived from plants and fruits, have gained growing application in treating inflammatory, infectious and aging-related diseases due to their antioxidant ability conferred by phenolic hydroxyl groups. The prevalent interactions between phenols and functional groups also facilitate their utilization in fabricating scaffolds. Consequently, phenols are increasingly incorporated into BTE scaffolds to boost therapeutic efficacy in bone defect. This review demonstrated the effects of phenols on BTCs and bone defect microenvironment, summarized the intrinsic mechanisms, presented the advances in phenol-modified BTE scaffolds and analyzed their potential risks in practical applications. Overall, phenol-modified BTE scaffolds hold great potential for repairing bone defects, offering novel patterns for BTE scaffold construction and advancing traumatological medicine.

Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress-induced senescence in rat nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the miR-34a-5p/SIRT1 axis.

BACKGROUND: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a main contributor to low back pain. Oxidative stress, which is highly associated with the progression of IDD, increases senescence of nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) and weakens the differentiation ability of NPMSCs in degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs). Quercetin (Que) has been demonstrated to reduce oxidative stress in diverse degenerative diseases. AIM: To investigate the role of Que in oxidative stress-induced NPMSC damage and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS: In vitro, NPMSCs were isolated from rat tails. Senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-Gal) staining, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence, and western blot analyses were used to evaluated the protective effects of Que. Meanwhile the relationship between miR-34a-5p and Sirtuins 1 (SIRT1) was evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. To explore whether Que modulates tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced senescence of NPMSCs via the miR-34a-5p/SIRT1 pathway, we used adenovirus vectors to overexpress and downregulate the expression of miR-34a-5p and used SIRT1 siRNA to knockdown SIRT1 expression. In vivo, a puncture-induced rat IDD model was constructed, and X rays and histological analysis were used to assess whether Que could alleviate IDD in vivo. RESULTS: We found that TBHP can cause NPMSCs senescence changes, such as reduced cell proliferation ability, increased SA-ß-Gal activity, cell cycle arrest, the accumulation of ROS, and increased expression of senescence-related proteins. While abovementioned senescence indicators were significantly alleviated by Que treatment. Que decreased the expression levels of senescence-related proteins (p16, p21, and p53) and senescence-associated secreted phenotype (SASP), including IL-1ß, IL-6, and MMP-13, and it increased the expression of SIRT1. In addition, the protective effects of Que on cell senescence were partially reversed by miR-34a-5p overexpression and SIRT1 knockdown. In vivo, X-ray, and histological analyses indicated that Que alleviated IDD in a puncture-induced rat model. CONCLUSION: In summary, the present study provides evidence that Que reduces oxidative stress-induced senescence of NPMSCs via the miR-34a/SIRT1 signaling pathway, suggesting that Que may be a potential agent for the treatment of IDD.

Emerging tissue engineering strategies for annulus fibrosus therapy.

Low back pain is a major public health concern experienced by 80% of the world's population during their lifetime, which is closely associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation. IVD herniation manifests as the nucleus pulposus (NP) protruding beyond the boundaries of the intervertebral disc due to disruption of the annulus fibrosus (AF). With a deepening understanding of the importance of the AF structure in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration, numerous advanced therapeutic strategies for AF based on tissue engineering, cellular regeneration, and gene therapy have emerged. However, there is still no consensus concerning the optimal approach for AF regeneration. In this review, we summarized strategies in the field of AF repair and highlighted ideal cell types and pro-differentiation targeting approaches for AF repair, and discussed the prospects and difficulties of implant systems combining cells and biomaterials to guide future research directions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Low back pain is a major public health concern experienced by 80% of the world's population during their lifetime, which is closely associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation. However, there is still no consensus concerning the optimal approach for annulus fibrosus (AF) regeneration. In this review, we summarized strategies in the field of AF repair and highlighted ideal cell types and pro-differentiation targeting approaches for AF repair, and discussed the prospects and difficulties of implant systems combining cells and biomaterials to guide future research directions.

Active targeting schemes for nano-drug delivery systems in osteosarcoma therapeutics.

Osteosarcoma, the most common malignant tumor of the bone, seriously influences people's lives and increases their economic burden. Conventional chemotherapy drugs achieve limited therapeutic effects owing to poor targeting and severe systemic toxicity. Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems can significantly enhance the utilization efficiency of chemotherapeutic drugs through targeting ligand modifications and reduce the occurrence of systemic adverse effects. A variety of ligand-modified nano-drug delivery systems have been developed for different targeting schemes. Here we review the biological characteristics and the main challenges of current drug therapy of OS, and further elaborate on different targeting schemes and ligand selection for nano-drug delivery systems of osteosarcoma, which may provide new horizons for the development of advanced targeted drug delivery systems in the future.

Safety and Efficacy of Local Steroid Application on Dysphagia Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of local steroid application (LSA) on dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Dysphagia is one of the most common adverse events in the early postoperative period of ACDF. LSA is reported as an effective method to reduce the swelling of soft tissues, thereby decreasing the incidence of dysphagia. However, the safety and efficacy of LSA on dysphagia after ACDF need to be systematically reviewed and analyzed. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was carried out in the database PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Clinical key, Cochrane library, and Wiley Online Library to screen papers that report LSA in ACDF surgery. The Cochrane Collaboration tool and a methodological index for nonrandomized studies were used for the assessment of study quality. Data were analyzed with the Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies were included. The results revealed no significant differences between the steroid group and the control group in ACDF regarding postoperative drainage, estimated blood loss, and neck disability index score ( P > 0.05). LSA significantly alleviates visual analog scale score for neck pain (or odynophagia) ( P < 0.05), reduces the length of hospital stay (weighted mean difference, -1.00 (-1.05 to -0.95); P < 0.001), and mitigates dysphagia rate and prevertebral soft-tissue swelling in the early postoperative period ( P < 0.05). There seemed to be no significant increase in the complication rate and steroid-related adverse events in the steroid group compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LSA shows advantages in reducing the length of hospital stay, decreasing dysphagia rate, and mitigating prevertebral soft-tissue swelling in the early postoperative period of ACDF. Further large-scale studies are urgently required for the development of a standard protocol for LSA and further analysis of potential delay complications.

Influence of the facet joint angle on facet joint degeneration following pedicle screw fixation without fusion in thoracolumbar fractures.

BACKGROUND: Posterior approach pedicle screw fixation without fusion is widely used in the treatment of neurologically intact type A3 thoracolumbar fractures. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of the facet joint (FJ) angle on FJ degeneration following posterior approach pedicle screw fixation without fusion in neurologically intact type A3 thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients who underwent pedicle screw fixation via the traditional posterior approach (n= 28) or the Wiltse approach (n= 30) were enrolled. A CT scan was performed before fixation and before fixation removal (Within 1.5 to 2 years after fixation) to evaluate the FJs parameters, including FJ inclination (FJI), FJ tropism (FJT), FJ violation, and FJ degeneration grade (FJDG), of three fixed segments and the adjacent segment below the fixed segments. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in FJ violation rate, FJDG deterioration, or FJ angle between the two groups (P> 0.05). FJDG deterioration showed a weak positive correlation with FJI and FJT before fixation, and the angular change in FJI (P< 0.05); and FJT before fixation and the angular change in FJI were risk factors for FJDG deterioration (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION: The Wiltse approach did not increase the rate of FJDG deterioration and FJs angle changes. However, the FJT before fixation and the angular change in FJI were risk factors for FJDG deterioration.

Bisphosphates for Osteoporosis: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Most Cited Articles.

Osteoporosis has become a major public health problem and bisphosphates treatment for osteoporosis is a rapidly developing research field. Every year, plenty of studies devoted to the treatment of osteoporosis are published, giving clinicians a new perspective on bisphosphates treatment for osteoporosis. However, the quality of the scientific papers in this area is unclear. The aim of the present study was to characterize the 100 top-cited articles regarding bisphosphates treatment for osteoporosis. This analysis provides an accessible list for practitioners of endocrinology, pharmacy, epidemiology, imaging, surgery, and scientific research to identify the most frequently cited literature and better understand the future direction.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Personal Protective Equipment and COVID-19 Researches.

COVID-19, which occurred at the end of December 2019, has evolved into a global public health threat and affects every aspect of human life. COVID-19's high infectivity and mortality prompted governments and the scientific community to respond quickly to the pandemic outbreak. The application of personal protective equipment (PPE) is of great significance in overcoming the epidemic situation. Since the discovery of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), bibliometric analysis has been widely used in many aspects of the COVID-19 epidemic. Although there are many reported studies about PPE and COVID-19, there is no study on the bibliometric analysis of these studies. The citation can be used as an indicator of the scientific influence of an article in its field. The aim of this study was to track the research trends and latest hotspots of COVID-19 in PPE by means of bibliometrics and visualization maps.

1,25(OH)2D3 Mitigates Oxidative Stress-Induced Damage to Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through PI3K/Akt Pathway.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the main causes of low back pain. The local environment of the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) increases oxidative stress and apoptosis of endogenous nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) and weakens its ability of endogenous repair ability in degenerated IVDs. A suitable concentration of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has been certified to reduce oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. The current study investigated the protective effect and potential mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 against oxidative stress-induced damage to NPMSCs. The present results showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 showed a significant protective effect on NPMSCs at a concentration of 10-10 M for 24 h. Protective effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 were also exhibited against H2O2-induced NPMSC senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. The Annexin V/PI apoptosis detection assay, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence, western blot, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay showed that pretreatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 could alleviate H2O2-induced NPMSC apoptosis, including the apoptosis rate and the expression of proapoptotic-related (Caspase-3 and Bax) and antiapoptotic-related (Bcl-2) proteins. The intracellular expression of p-Akt increased after pretreatment with 1,25(OH)2D3. However, these protective effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 were significantly decreased after the PI3K/Akt pathway was inhibited by the LY294002 treatment. In vivo, X-ray, MRI, and histological analyses showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment relieved the degree of IVDD in Sprague-Dawley rat disc puncture models. In summary, 1,25(OH)2D3 efficiently attenuated oxidative stress-induced NPMSC apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction via PI3K/Akt pathway and is a promising candidate treatment for the repair of IVDD.

Injectable platelet rich fibrin facilitates hair follicle regeneration by promoting human dermal papilla cell proliferation, migration, and trichogenic inductivity.

Hair follicle regeneration has been successful in mice but failed in human being for years. Dermal papilla cells, a specialized mesenchymal stem cell derived from dermal papilla within hair follicles, is considered the key cells for hair follicle regeneration function as both regeneration initiator and regulator. Injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF), a novel biomaterial rich in a variety of growth factors and three-dimensional scaffolds, has shown promising effects on tissue regeneration. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the application of i-PRF in human hair follicle regeneration by examining the biological effects of i-PRF on human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). Biomaterial compatibility, cell viability, proliferation, migration, alkaline phosphatase activity and trichogenic inductivity were assessed after exposing hDPCs to different concentrations of i-PRF extracts. In addition, we investigated the ultrastructure of i-PRF with all cell components filtered. The results revealed that i-PRF possessing excellent biocompatibility and could significantly promote hDPCs proliferation, migration, and trichogenic inductivity. Furthermore, the concentration of i-PRF is able to remarkably influence hDPCs behavior in a dose-dependent pattern. Different concentrations exhibited differential effects on hDPCs behavior. In general, lower concentration promotes cell proliferation better than higher concentration, while higher concentration promotes cell function better reversely. Best concentration for hDPCs in vitro expending is 1% concentration. 20% concentration is optimal for hair follicle regeneration. In summary, our findings concluded that i-PRF facilitates hair follicle regeneration by promoting human dermal papilla cell proliferation, migration, and trichogenic inductivity.

Research Status of the Safety and Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of COVID-19-Related Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is considered one of the most promising treatments in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the safety and effectiveness of MSCs in the treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia patients need to be systematically reviewed and analyzed. Two independent researchers searched for relevant studies published between October 2019 and April 2021 in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, WAN FANG, and CNKI databases. All relevant randomized controlled trials, clinically controlled studies, retrospective studies, case reports, letters (with valid data), and case series were included in this meta-analysis. A fixed-effects model and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to analyze the results. A total of 22 studies involving 371 patients were included in the present study. Allogeneic MSCs from umbilical cord, adipose tissue, menstrual blood, placental tissue, Wharton's jelly, or unreported sources were administered in 247 participants. Combined results revealed that MSC therapy significantly reduced the incidence of adverse events [AEs; odds ratio (OR) = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22-0.84, P = 0.01] and mortality (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.06-0.49, P < 0.01), and the difference compared with control group was statistically significant. No serious MSC treatment-related AEs were reported. Lung function, radiographic outcomes, and inflammation- and immunity-related biomarker levels all showed improving trends. Therefore, MSC therapy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia and shows advantages in reducing AEs and mortality. However, a standard and effective MSC treatment program must be developed.

Safety and Efficacy of Topical Administration of Tranexamic Acid in High-Risk Patients Undergoing Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) in high-risk patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) surgery. METHODS: In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, a total of 120 patients with lumbar degenerative disease who had a previous history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular embolism and who underwent single-level PLIF surgery between December 2018 and December 2019 were included and allocated to 2 groups according to whether they had been administered TXA. In the TXA group (n = 60), the wound surface was topically soaked with TXA (1 g in 100 mL of saline solution) for 5 minutes before wound closure. In the control group (n = 60), the wound surface was topically soaked with the same volume of normal saline. SPSS software, version 26.0, was employed to analyze demographics including surgical traits, blood loss, drainage, length of hospital stays (LOS), blood biochemical indices, prethrombotic state molecular markers, coagulation function, and adverse events. RESULTS: Total blood loss, visible blood loss, postoperative drainage, removal time of drainage tube, and LOS were significantly lower in the TXA group than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in hidden blood loss, hepatorenal function, coagulation function, prethrombotic state molecular markers, transfusion rate, or complications during the perioperative period. CONCLUSIONS: In single-level PLIF surgery, topical administration of TXA could significantly reduce total blood loss, visible blood loss, postoperative drainage, removal time of drainage tube, and LOS without increasing the risk of thromboembolic events in high-risk patients with prior histories of thrombosis.

Perioperative Hidden Blood Loss in Elderly Cervical Spondylosis Patients With Anterior Cervical Discectomy Fusion and Influencing Factors.

INTRODUCTION: To analyze the perioperative hidden blood loss (HBL) and its influencing factors in elderly cervical spondylosis patients treated with anterior cervical discectomy fusion (ACDF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2017 to December 2018, 128 elderly cervical spondylosis patients (age > 65 y) treated with ACDF were selected. The patients' height, weight, duration of symptoms, previous medical history and other basic information were routinely recorded. The hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) and blood coagulation function preoperative and the next day postoperative were recorded. The operation time, surgical bleeding, ASA classification, fixation method, total drainage and the time for extraction of drainage tube were recorded. The total blood loss (TBL) was calculated according to the Gross's formula, and HBL was calculated based on TBL, total drainage and surgical bleeding. The statistical analysis of HBL was performed, and then influential factors were further analyzed by multivariate linear regression analysis and t test. RESULTS: The mean surgical bleeding was 102.70 ± 46.78 mL and HBL was 487.98 ± 255.96 mL. HBL accounted for 67.61 ± 5.20% of TBL. According to the multiple linear regression analysis, the gender (P = 0.047), operation time (P = 0.000), fixation method (P = 0.014) and international normalized ratio (INR) (P = 0.003) influenced the amount of HBL. Body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.624), hypertension (P = 0.977), diabetes (P = 0.528), blood type (P = 0.577), ASA classification (P = 0.711), duration of symptoms (P = 0.661), preoperative cobb angle (P = 0.152), number of surgical level (P = 0.709), intramedullary hyperintensity (P = 0.967), drainage time (P = 0.294), postoperative drainage volume (P = 0.599), prothrombin time (PT) (P = 0.674), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (P = 0.544) and thrombin time (TT) (P = 0.680) had no correlation with the amount of HBL. CONCLUSIONS: There was obvious HBL during the perioperative period of ACDF in elderly cervical spondylosis patients. The male patients, longer operation time, fusion with titanium plate and cage and high INR were independent risk factors for HBL.

Urolithin a alleviates oxidative stress-induced senescence in nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells through SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway.

BACKGROUND: In degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD), an unfavorable IVD environment leads to increased senescence of nucleus pulposus (NP)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) and the inability to complete the differentiation from NPMSCs to NP cells, leading to further aggravation of IVD degeneration (IDD). Urolithin A (UA) has been proven to have obvious effects in delaying cell senescence and resisting oxidative stress. AIM: To explore whether UA can alleviate NPMSCs senescence and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS: In vitro, we harvested NPMSCs from rat tails, and divided NPMSCs into four groups: the control group, H2O2 group, H2O2 + UA group, and H2O2 + UA + SR-18292 group. Senescence-associated ß-Galactosidase (SA-ß-Gal) activity, cell cycle, cell proliferation ability, and the expression of senescence-related and silent information regulator of transcription 1/PPAR gamma coactivator-1α (SIRT1/ PGC-1α) pathway-related proteins and mRNA were used to evaluate the protective effects of UA. In vivo, an animal model of IDD was constructed, and X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological analysis were used to assess whether UA could alleviate IDD in vivo. RESULTS: We found that H2O2 can cause NPMSCs senescence changes, such as cell cycle arrest, reduced cell proliferation ability, increased SA-ß-Gal activity, and increased expression of senescence-related proteins and mRNA. After UA pretreatment, the abovementioned senescence indicators were significantly alleviated. To further demonstrate the mechanism of UA, we evaluated the mitochondrial membrane potential and the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway that regulates mitochondrial function. UA protected mitochondrial function and delayed NPMSCs senescence by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. In vivo, we found that UA treatment alleviated an animal model of IDD by assessing the disc height index, Pfirrmann grade and the histological score. CONCLUSION: In summary, UA could activate the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway to protect mitochondrial function and alleviate cell senescence and IDD in vivo and vitro.

Investigation of the adsorption mechanism and preconcentration of sulfonamides using a porphyrin-functionalized Fe3O4-graphene oxide nanocomposite.

In this work, a novel type of porphyrin-functionalized Fe3O4-graphene oxide (TCPP/Fe3O4-GO) nanocomposite was synthesized. The adsorption mechanism of the prepared TCPP/Fe3O4-GO material was investigated and predicted. The π-π stacking and electrostatic attraction between the positively charged analytes and the negatively charged porphyrin-functionalized Fe3O4-GO accelerated the electron transfer between the materials. In addition, to investigate the preconcentration of the prepared TCPP/Fe3O4-GO, it was used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the preconcentration of seven sulfonamides (SAs) from environmental water samples. Parameters that significantly affected the extraction of the SAs onto the sorbent, such as the elution solvent, extraction time and elution time, were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the SAs in the environmental water samples were effectively detected. The linear range for the seven SAs was 0.5-20 µg mL(-1), and the limits of detection for all seven SAs were 0.2 µg mL(-1). Good reproducibility was obtained, along with relative standard deviations that ranged from 0.01 to 8.25%. The present method was applied to the determination of SAs in tap and river water samples, and the recoveries were satisfactory (83.7-116.7%).

Synthesis of magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan composite and its application for protein adsorption.

In this study, a facile and novel strategy was developed to fabricate magnetite/graphene oxide/chitosan (Fe3O4/GO/CS) composite, and the composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent for the enrichment of protein, and followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. The phase composition, chemical structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Protein cytochrome c was chosen as model target to evaluate the adsorptive property of Fe3O4/GO/CS. After enrichment procedure and magnetic separation, protein bounded with the material was analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS without desorption. The results indicated that Fe3O4/GO/CS composite exhibited a good adsorptive capacity for protein, and Fe3O4/GO/CS composite had a promising potential in magnetic separation research.