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This study investigated the impact of adding hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to implant surfaces treated with zirconia blasting and acid etching (ZiHa), focusing on structural changes and bone healing parameters in low-density bone sites. The topographical characterization of titanium discs with a ZiHa surface and a commercially modified zirconia-blasted and acid-etched surface (Zi) was performed using scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, and surface-free energy. For the in vivo assessment, 22 female rats were ovariectomized and kept for 90 days, after which one implant from each group was randomly placed in each tibial metaphysis of the animals. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed at 14 and 28 days postoperatively (decalcified lab processing), reverse torque testing was performed at 28 days, and histometry from calcified lab processing was performed at 60 days The group ZiHa promoted changes in surface morphology, forming evenly distributed pores. For bone healing, ZiHa showed a greater reverse torque, newly formed bone area, and bone/implant contact values compared to group Zi (p < 0.05; t-test). Qualitative histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed higher features of bone maturation for ZiHa on days 14 and 28. This preclinical study demonstrated that adding hydroxyapatite to zirconia-blasted and acid-etched surfaces enhanced peri-implant bone healing in ovariectomized rats. These findings support the potential for improving osseointegration of dental implants, especially in patients with compromised bone metabolism.
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Durapatita , Nanopartículas , Oseointegración , Propiedades de Superficie , Circonio , Circonio/química , Animales , Durapatita/química , Durapatita/farmacología , Femenino , Ratas , Nanopartículas/química , Oseointegración/efectos de los fármacos , Implantes Dentales , Titanio/química , Tibia/efectos de los fármacos , Tibia/cirugía , Grabado Ácido DentalRESUMEN
This clinical report presents a technique to reconstruct extensively resected mandibles using a combination of autologous bone grafts and additive manufacturing techniques. Mandibular defects, often arising from trauma, tumors, or congenital anomalies, can severely impact both function and aesthetics. Conventional reconstruction methods have their limitations, often resulting in suboptimal outcomes. In these reports, we detail clinical cases where patients with different mandibular defects underwent reconstructive surgery. In each instance, autologous grafts were harvested to ensure the restoration of native bone tissue, while advanced virtual planning techniques were employed for precise graft design and dental implant placement. The patients experienced substantial improvements in masticatory function, speech, and facial aesthetics. Utilizing autologous grafts minimized the risk of rejection and complications associated with foreign materials. The integration of virtual planning precision allowed customized solutions, reducing surgical duration and optimizing implant positioning. These 2 cases underscores the potential of combining autologous grafts with virtual planning precision and dental implants produced by additive manufacturing for mandible reconstruction.
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The present short-term retrospective study evaluated the implant survival rate and peri-implant bone loss around additive-manufactured titanium implants placed in sinuses grafted with Plenum Osshp (Plenum Bioengenharia, Jundia, SP, Brazil) (70HA:30ß-TCP) material. A total of 39 implants were inserted after 23 sinus floor elevation procedures in 16 consecutive patients. Prosthetic rehabilitation included fixed partial prostheses (three units), single crowns (eleven units), and fixed full arches (three units). Clinical and radiographic parameters of implant-supported restorations were evaluated after at least one year of occlusal loading. The implant-crown success criteria included the absence of pain, suppuration, and clinical mobility, an average distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone contact (DIB) < 1.0 mm from the initial surgery, and the absence of prosthetic complications at the implant-abutment interface. The overall cumulative implant survival rate was 97.43%. No prosthetic complications at the implant-abutment interface were reported. After one year, the mean DIB was 0.23 mm ± 0.14. Within the limits of this retrospective study, it can be concluded that 70 HA:30 ß-TCP allowed stable and reliable bone support to maintain healthy conditions around titanium dental implants produced by additive manufacturing.
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AIMS: To explore the influence of gender on periodontal treatment outcomes in a dataset of eight RCTs conducted in Brazil, United States, and Germany. METHODS: Clinical parameters were compared between men and women with stages III/IV grades B/C generalized periodontitis at baseline and 1-year post-therapy, including scaling and root planing with or without antibiotics. RESULTS: Data from 1042 patients were analyzed. Men presented a tendency towards higher probing depth (p = .07, effect size = 0.11) and clinical attachment level (CAL) than women at baseline (p = .01, effect size = 0.16). Males also presented statistically significantly lower CAL gain at sites with CAL of 4-6 mm at 1-year post-therapy (p = .001, effect size = 0.20). Among patients with Grade B periodontitis who took antibiotics, a higher frequency of women achieved the endpoint for treatment (i.e., ≤4 sites PD ≥5 mm) at 1 year than men (p < .05, effect size = 0.12). CONCLUSION: Men enrolled in RCTs showed a slightly inferior clinical response to periodontal therapy in a limited number of sub-analyses when compared to women. These small differences did not appear to be clinically relevant. Although gender did not dictate the clinical response to periodontal treatment in this population, our findings suggest that future research should continue to explore this topic.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repair process in rat calvaria filled with synthetic biphasic bioceramics (Plenum® Osshp-70:30, HA:ßTCP) or autogenous bone, covered with a polydioxanone membrane (PDO). A total of 48 rats were divided into two groups (n = 24): particulate autogenous bone + Plenum® Guide (AUTOPT+PG) or Plenum® Osshp + Plenum® Guide (PO+PG). A defect was created in the calvaria, filled with the grafts, and covered with a PDO membrane, and euthanasia took place at 7, 30, and 60 days. Micro-CT showed no statistical difference between the groups, but there was an increase in bone volume (56.26%), the number of trabeculae (2.76 mm), and intersection surface (26.76 mm2) and a decrease in total porosity (43.79%) in the PO+PG group, as well as higher values for the daily mineral apposition rate (7.16 µm/day). Histometric analysis presented material replacement and increased bone formation at 30 days compared to 7 days in both groups. Immunostaining showed a similar pattern between the groups, with an increase in proteins related to bone remodeling and formation. In conclusion, Plenum® Osshp + Plenum® Guide showed similar and sometimes superior results when compared to autogenous bone, making it a competent option as a bone substitute.
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The control of infectious diseases caused by biofilms is a continuing challenge for researchers due to the complexity of their microbial structures and therapeutic implications. Photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive anti-infective treatment has been described as a possible valid approach but has not been tested in polymicrobial biofilm models. This study evaluated the effect of photodynamic therapy in vitro with methylene blue (MB) 0.01% and red LEDs (λ = 660 nm, power density ≈ 330 mW/cm2, 2 mm distance from culture) on the metabolic activity and composition of a multispecies subgingival biofilm. Test Groups LED and MB + LED showed a more significant reduction in metabolic activity than the non-LED application group (~50 and 55%, respectively). Groups LED and MB equally affected (more than 80%) the total bacterial count in biofilms. No differences were noted in the bacterial biofilm composition between the groups. In vitro LED alone or the MB + LED combination reduced the metabolic activity of bacteria in polymicrobial biofilms and the total subgingival biofilm count.
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Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are prevalent musculoskeletal conditions involving pain and dysfunction of jaw mobility and function, which have proven difficult to treat satisfactorily. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a liquid platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) infusion during arthrocentesis versus other options using coadjuvant materials to reduce TMD symptoms. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov for RCTs published before January 2024, comparing i-PRF to any other TMD treatment. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023495364). The searches generated several recent RCTs that compared i-PRF injection combined with arthrocentesis (AC) to AC-only or AC with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The outcomes analyzed included measures of pain (visual analog scale, VAS), maximum mouth opening, joint sounds, and MRI-verified changes in joint structure. Across the RCTs, the addition of i-PRF injection to AC resulted in significant improvements in pain relief, joint function, mouth opening, and structural changes compared to AC-only or with PRP over follow-up periods ranging from 6 to 12 months. Current clinical evidence favors using i-PRF as an adjunct to AC rather than AC-only or AC with PRP for the treatment of TMDs. The improvements in subjective and objective outcome measures are clinically meaningful. Still, additional high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are required to strengthen the evidence base and better define the role of i-PRF in TMD management guidelines.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term survival and success rates of implants placed in reconstructed areas using microvascularized or non-microvascularized extraoral bone grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search was performed in five databases and in gray literature for articles published until June, 2023. The eligibility criteria comprised observational studies (prospective or retrospective) and clinical trials, reporting survival and success rates of implants placed in extraoral bone grafts. A meta-analysis (implant failure) was categorized into subgroups based on the type of bone graft used. The risk of bias within studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up time was 92 months. The summary estimate of survival rate at the implant level were 94.9% (CI: 90.1%-97.4%) for non-vascularized iliac graft, 96.5% (CI: 91.4%-98.6%) for non-vascularized calvaria graft, and 92.3% (CI: 89.1%-94.6%) for vascularized fibula graft. The mean success rate and marginal bone loss (MBL) were 83.2%; 2.25 mm, 92.2%; 0.93 mm, and 87.6%; 1.49 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Implants placed in areas reconstructed using extraoral autogenous bone graft have high long-term survival rates and low long-term MBLs. The data did not demonstrate clinically relevant differences in the survival, success, or MBL of grafts from different donor areas or with different vascularization. This systematic review was registered in INPLASY under number INPLASY202390004.
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Trasplante Óseo , Implantación Dental Endoósea , Implantes Dentales , Humanos , Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Implantación Dental Endoósea/métodos , Fracaso de la Restauración Dental , Aumento de la Cresta Alveolar/métodosRESUMEN
The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that there would be a correlation between nasal septum deviation (NSD) and a decreased maxillary sinus volume (MSV) in a Colombian population, using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT); other sinusal anatomical structures found during the reading were described and analyzed. A retrospective analysis of 537 CBCT scans of adult patients taken between January 2014 and January 2017 included measuring the maxillary sinus diameter in the vertical, horizontal, and sagittal planes. NSD was quantified and related to MSV using the same field of view (FOV). The volume of the right and left maxillary sinuses showed a median and interquartile range (IQR) of 8.18 mm3 (IQR: 6.2-10.33) and 8.3 mm3 (IQR: 6.4-10.36). Statistically significant differences were observed between sex and right and left MSV (p = 0.000), with higher MSV in men. The presence of NSD was observed in 96.81% of the sample and was evaluated in degrees, observing a median of 11° (IQR: 7-16) where 40% of the sample had moderate angles (9-15°). There was no correlation between NSD and a decreased MSV in the population studied. Detailed CBCT analysis with a large FOV is crucial for the analysis of anatomical structures before performing surgical procedures that involve the MS as a preventive diagnostic and therapeutic step for appropriate treatment.
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BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation in the anterior region requires specific conditions for success, such as the presence of papilla, emergence profile, and balance between pink and white esthetic. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the esthetic risk associated with immediate implant placement with immediate restoration in the anterior superior area, where the facial bone plate may be absent or deficient. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The search was done in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Lilacs, Scopus, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The investigation involved clinical studies and observational studies published between January 2012 and July 2023. Studies were excluded if there was less than 12-month follow-up, no immediate restoration or facial defect, heavy smokers, or systemic disease. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I and Modified-Cochrane RoB tools. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included in this systematic review. The thinner the facial plate, the higher the alveolus's risk of gingival recession or shrinkage. There was an increased interproximal recession when the thin phenotype was associated with flap surgery. An increase in pink esthetic score (PES) was reached when immediate implant placement (IIP) and immediate restoration were done. Soft tissue augmentation achieved more gingival-level stability. Regardless of the initial phenotype, an esthetic outcome was delivered. The risk of bias was high in 1 study and moderate in 3 studies. CONCLUSION: It is possible to conclude that esthetic results and increased final PES or patient satisfaction index in IIP treatments associated with immediate restoration could be obtained even in buccal bone wall defects or gingival recession, regardless of their extension.
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The aim of this study was to assess the bone regeneration potential of a polydioxanone (PDO) scaffold together with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) for the reconstruction of large bone defect. In total, 24 male rats (6 months old) were subjected to bilateral femoral stabilization using titanium plates to create a 2 mm gap, and reconstruction using rhBMP-2 (Infuse®; 3.25 µg). The bone defects were covered with PDO (PDO group), or with titanium mesh (Ti group). Animals were euthanized on days 14 and 60. Simultaneously, 16 rats received PDO and Ti in their dorsum for the purpose of biocompatibility analysis at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days postoperatively. X-ray densitometry showed a higher density in the PDO group on day 14. On day 60, coverage of the bone defect with PDO showed a larger quantity of newly formed bone than that found for the Ti group, a lower inflammatory infiltrate value, and a more significant number of blood vessels on day 14. By immunohistochemical assessment, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osteocalcin (OCN) showed higher labeling on day 14 in the PDO group. On day 60, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) showed higher labeling in the PDO group, whereas Ti showed higher labeling for osteoprotegerin, nuclear factor kappa B ligand-activating receptor, RUNX2, and OCN. Furthermore, biocompatibility analysis showed a higher inflammatory response in the Ti group. The PDO scaffold enhanced bone regeneration when associated with rhBMP-2 in rat femur reconstruction. Impact statement Regeneration of segmental bone defects is a difficult task, and several techniques and materials have been used. Recent advances in the production of synthetic polymers, such as polydioxanone (PDO), produced by three-dimensional printing, have shown distinct characteristics that could improve tissue regeneration even in an important bone defect. The present preclinical study showed that PDO membranes used as scaffolds to carry recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) improved bone tissue regeneration by more than 8-fold when compared with titanium mesh, suggesting that PDO membranes could be a feasible and useful material for use in guided bone regeneration. (In English, viable is only used for living creatures capable of sustaining life.
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Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal , Polidioxanona , Masculino , Ratas , Humanos , Animales , Lactante , Polidioxanona/farmacología , Titanio , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 2/farmacología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/farmacología , Regeneración Ósea , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacología , Fémur/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of ozone (OZN) therapy on the dynamics of bone tissue in ovariectomized rats treated with zoledronic acid (ZOL). Female Wistar rats aged 6 months (n = 110) were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). At month 3 post-OVX, 10 animals were euthanized to characterize the bone tissue architecture using microtomography (micro-CT). The remaining animals were divided into two groups: ZOL group, administered with ZOL (100 µg/kg body weight); saline (SAL) group (0.45 mL of SAL solution), both for 28 days. At month 3 post-treatment, 10 animals from each group were euthanized to characterize the bone architecture using micro-CT. The remaining animals were divided into the following groups: ZOL (n = 20), ZOL + OZN (n = 20); SAL (n = 20), and SAL + OZN (n = 20). The animals in ZOL + OZN and SAL + OZN groups were intraperitoneally administered with OZN (0.7 mg/kg body weight) once every 2 days. On days 30 and 60, six animals from each group were euthanized for analysis and structural characterization of bones in the femoral head and spine. Some samples of the femoral neck were subjected to biomechanical tests, while some samples were analyzed under a laser confocal microscope. The other samples collected from the femoral neck and spine were analyzed for area of neoformed bone and used for performing inflammatory cell and osteocyte counts. Data were submitted to statistical analysis considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Bone volume percentage and osteocyte and inflammatory cell counts were upregulated in the femoral head region of the ZOL + OZN group. Biomechanical analysis of the femoral neck revealed that the modulus of elasticity was similar between the ZOL and ZOL + OZN groups but differed significantly between the SAL and SAL + OZN groups. The positive areas for calcein and alizarin in the ZOL and ZOL + OZN groups were higher than those in the SAL and SAL + OZN groups. This suggested a positive synergistic effect of OZN and ZOL on the maintenance of bone mass and restoration of bone tissue vitality in ovariectomized rats.
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Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea , Difosfonatos , Ratas , Femenino , Animales , Humanos , Ácido Zoledrónico/farmacología , Difosfonatos/farmacología , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/farmacología , Imidazoles/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Huesos , Densidad Ósea , Peso Corporal , OvariectomíaRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate several mechanical and chemical decontamination methods associated with a newly introduced biofilm matrix disruption strategy for biofilm cleaning and preservation of implant surface features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Titanium (Ti) discs were obtained by additive manufacturing. Polymicrobial biofilm-covered Ti disc surfaces were decontaminated with mechanical [Ti curette, Teflon curette, Ti brush, water-air jet device, and Er:YAG laser] or chemical [iodopovidone (PVPI) 0.2% to disrupt the extracellular matrix, along with amoxicillin; minocycline; tetracycline; H2 O2 3%; chlorhexidine 0.2%; NaOCl 0.95%; hydrocarbon-oxo-borate-based antiseptic] protocols. The optimal in vitro mechanical/chemical protocol was then tested in combination using an in vivo biofilm model with intra-oral devices. RESULTS: Er:YAG laser treatment displayed optimum surface cleaning by biofilm removal with minimal deleterious damage to the surface, smaller Ti release, good corrosion stability, and improved fibroblast readhesion. NaOCl 0.95% was the most promising agent to reduce in vitro and in vivo biofilms and was even more effective when associated with PVPI 0.2% as a pre-treatment to disrupt the biofilm matrix. The combination of Er:YAG laser followed by PVPI 0.2% plus NaOCl 0.95% promoted efficient decontamination of rough Ti surfaces by disrupting the biofilm matrix and killing remnants of in vivo biofilms formed in the mouth (the only protocol to lead to ~99% biofilm eradication). CONCLUSION: Er:YAG laser + PVPI 0.2% + NaOCl 0.95% can be a reliable decontamination protocol for Ti surfaces, eliminating microbial biofilms without damaging the implant surface.
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Implantes Dentales , Láseres de Estado Sólido , Titanio , Descontaminación/métodos , Propiedades de Superficie , BiopelículasRESUMEN
The literature describes multiple ways to stimulate wound healing to reduce the patient's perception of pain. This systematic review aimed to evaluate if methods that enhance wound healing can reduce the patient's perception of pain after free gingival graft removal from the palate region compared to natural healing. A systematic review protocol was written following the PRISMA checklist. Electronic searches of five databases were performed to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed the patient's perception of pain after the removal of a free gingival graft from the palate. The primary outcome was the visual analog scale (VAS) score assessing the patient's perception of pain 7 days after the free gingival graft removal from the palate region. Of the 1,622 potentially relevant articles retrieved from the electronic databases, 16 RCTs were selected for qualitative analysis, and of these, 6 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. RCTs showed a significant VAS reduction associated with the use of methods to enhance wound healing. The pooled estimates revealed a significant overall VAS reduction of 2.20 (95% CI 2.32, 2.07) 7 days after surgery. The methods that presented the greatest reduction in the perception of pain were platelet-rich fibrin, hyaluronic acid, and autologous fibrin glue. Methods that enhance wound healing, including platelet-rich fibrin, hyaluronic acid, and autologous fibrin glue, can reduce pain perception after free gingival graft removal in the palate region. However, only 1 RCT investigated each approach, which hinders the conclusion regarding the best procedure to reduce the perception of pain.
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Adhesivo de Tejido de Fibrina , Ácido Hialurónico , Humanos , Revisiones Sistemáticas como Asunto , Dolor , Percepción del DolorRESUMEN
Dehiscence in surgeries involving membranes often leads to bacterial contamination, hindering the healing process. This study assessed bacterial colonization on various membrane materials. Polydioxanone (PDO) membranes, with thicknesses of 0.5 mm and 1 mm, and a collagen membrane were examined. Packages containing polystyrene pins were crafted using these membranes, attached to 24-well plates, and exposed to oral bacteria from supra and subgingival biofilm. After a week's anaerobic incubation, biofilm formation was evaluated using the DNA-DNA hybridization test. Statistical analysis employed the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc test. The biofilm on the polystyrene pins covered by the 0.5 mm PDO membrane showed a higher count of certain pathogens. The collagen membrane had a greater total biofilm count on its inner surface compared to both PDO membranes. The external collagen membrane face had a higher total biofilm count than the 0.5 mm PDO membrane. Furthermore, the 1 mm PDO membrane exhibited a greater count of specific pathogens than its 0.5 mm counterpart. In conclusion, the collagen membrane presented more biofilm and pathogens both internally and on its inner surface.
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AIM: Clinically relevant in-vitro biofilm models are essential and valuable tools for mechanistically dissecting the etiopathogenesis of infectious diseases and test new antimicrobial therapies. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and test a clinically relevant in-vitro oral polymicrobial biofilm model that mimics implant-related infections in terms of microbial profile. METHODS AND RESULTS: For this purpose, 24-well plate system was used to model oral biofilms, using three different microbial inoculums to grow in-vitro biofilms: (1) human saliva from periodontally healthy patients; (2) saliva as in inoculum 1 + Porphyromonas gingivalis strain; and (3) supra and subgingival biofilm collected from peri-implant sites of patients diagnosed with peri-implantitis. Biofilms were grown to represent the dynamic transition from an aerobic to anaerobic community profile. Subsequently, biofilms were collected after each phase and evaluated for microbiological composition, microbial counts, biofilm biomass, structure, and susceptibility to chlorhexidine (CHX). Results showed higher live cell count (P < .05) for biofilms developed from patients' biofilm inoculum, but biomass volume, dry weight, and microbiological composition were similar among groups (P > .05). Interestingly, according to the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization results, the biofilm developed from stimulated human saliva exhibited a microbial composition more similar to the clinical subgingival biofilm of patients with peri-implantitis, with proportions of the main pathogens closer to those found in the disease. In addition, biofilm developed using saliva as inoculum was shown to be susceptible to CHX with significant reduction in bacteria compared with biofilms without exposure to CHX (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that the in-vitro polymicrobial biofilm developed from human saliva as inoculum is a suitable model and clinically relevant tool for mimicking the microbial composition of implant-related infections.
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Enfermedades Transmisibles , Periimplantitis , Humanos , Periimplantitis/microbiología , Biopelículas , Clorhexidina , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Progresión de la Enfermedad , ADNRESUMEN
DESIGN: The research used an in vitro cell exposure model and multi-omics integration of transcriptome and epigenome profiling to compare the molecular effects of e-cigarettes and tobacco smoke on dental stem cells. AIM: The study aimed to compare the effects of e-cigarette and tobacco smoke on periodontal stem cells using a multi-omics approach to understand gene regulation. METHODS: This research studied primary human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) obtained from healthy donors. The cells were subjected to tobacco smoke, e-cigarette aerosol (both tobacco and menthol flavors), e-cigarette liquid (both tobacco and menthol flavors), or untreated conditions using an in vitro exposure system. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to profile the transcriptome and identify differential gene expression. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was used to conduct genome-wide histone modification mapping for H3K27me3. Transcriptome profiling was combined with histone modification characterization to understand gene regulatory mechanisms. The study compared the effects of smoke versus e-cigarette, aerosol versus liquid exposure, and tobacco versus menthol flavor on gene expression and epigenetic landscapes in the two oral stem cell populations. RESULTS: The use of tobacco smoke caused damage to the DNA and nucleus in GMSCs, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction in PDLSCs. Regarding e-cigarettes, the aerosol and liquid affected non-coding RNA expression differently. The chemokine CXCL2 was found to be downregulated by aerosol but upregulated by liquid in GMSCs. An integrative analysis revealed that the upregulation of CXCL2 caused by e-liquid involved reduced H3K27me3 and activation of distal enhancers. On the other hand, aerosol exposure maintained H3K27me3 levels, while direct e-liquid exposure resulted in genome-wide reductions in H3K27me3, particularly in enhancer regions. Overall, the specific delivery methods and components of e-cigarettes caused unique changes in the transcriptome and epigenome of oral stem cells. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarettes affect oral stem cells differently than tobacco smoke. Their aerosol and liquid have varying impacts on gene expression and regulatory landscapes in oral cells. Multi-omics approaches are important to understanding the molecular changes caused by e-cigarette components. This can help with toxicological assessments and determine their impact on periodontal health. Transcriptome and epigenome profiling are powerful tools to examine the unique molecular mechanisms involved in cellular responses to e-cigarettes.
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Sistemas Electrónicos de Liberación de Nicotina , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Humanos , Aerosoles/análisis , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Histonas , Mentol/análisis , Humo/análisis , Células Madre/químicaRESUMEN
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Although polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implant healing abutments have become popular because of their esthetic, mechanical, and chemical properties, studies analyzing oral polymicrobial adhesion to PEEK abutments are lacking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro and in vivo study was to evaluate oral microbial adhesion and colonization on titanium (Ti) and PEEK healing abutments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ti (N=35) and PEEK substrates (N=35) were evaluated in vitro in terms of the initial adhesion (1 hour) or biofilm accumulation (48 hours) of Candida albicans and a polymicrobial inoculum using stimulated human saliva to mimic a diverse oral microbiome. Surface decontamination ability was evaluated after 24 hours of in vitro biofilm formation after exposure to an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser. Conventional and flowable composite resin veneering on PEEK was also tested for microbial adhesion. In addition, an in vivo model with 3 healthy volunteers was conducted by using a palatal appliance containing the tested materials (3 or 4 specimens of each material per appliance) for 2 days to evaluate the effect of substrate on the microbial profile. Biofilms were evaluated by live cell counts and scanning electron microscopy images, and the microbial profile by Checkerboard deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization. The t test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the groups (α=.05). RESULTS: PEEK and Ti materials showed similar fungal adhesion (P>.05). Although the PEEK surface limited the initial in vitro polymicrobial adhesion (approximately 2 times less) compared with Ti (P=.040), after 48 hours of biofilm accumulation, the microbial load was statistically similar (P=.209). Er:YAG laser decontamination was more effective on PEEK than on Ti surfaces, reducing approximately 11 times more microbial accumulation (P=.019). Both composite resins tested showed similar microbial adhesion (1 hour). In vivo, the PEEK material showed reduced levels of 6 bacterial species (P<.05), including the putative pathogen Treponema denticola. CONCLUSIONS: Although PEEK and Ti had similar bacterial and fungus biofilm attachment and accumulation, PEEK promoted a host-compatible microbial profile with a significantly reduced T. denticola load.
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This systematic review (SR) aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different types of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) often used in regenerative treatments. An electronic search was performed in four databases and in Gray literature for articles published until January, 2023. The eligibility criteria comprised in vitro studies that evaluated the antimicrobial effect of different types of PRF. For the analysis of the risk of bias within studies, the modified OHAT (Office of Health Assessment and Translation) tool was used. For the evaluation of the results, a qualitative critical analysis was carried out in the synthesis of the results of the primary studies. Sixteen studies published between 2013 and 2021 were included in this SR. The antimicrobial effects of PRF variations (PRF, injectable PRF [I-PRF], PRF with silver nanoparticles [agNP-PRF], and horizontal PRF [H-PRF]), were analyzed against 16 types of bacteria from the oral, periodontal, and endodontic environments. All types of PRF showed significant antimicrobial action, with the antibacterial efficacy being more expressive than the fungal one. The I-PRF, H-PRF, and agNP-PRF subtypes improve antimicrobial activity. According to the OHAT analysis, no study was classified as having a high risk of bias. Evidence suggests that PRF variations have significant antimicrobial activity, with bacterial action being greater than fungal. Evolutions such as I-PRF, H-PRF, and agNP-PRF improve antimicrobial activity. Future studies analyzing the clinical effect of these platelets are fundamental. This SR was registered in INPLASY under number INPLASY202340016.
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Implant surface topography using bioactive material provides faster bone-to-implant healing. This histological report described the analysis of human bone tissue around an immediately loaded implant, with BPC® (Biphasic Calcium Phosphate) grit-blasted surface treatment, after two months of healing. Two temporary mini-implants (2.8 × 10 mm) with BPC® grit-blasting surfaces were placed and immediately loaded to retain a complete interim denture. After a 60-day healing period, one mini-implant was removed for histologic analysis. The ground section showed the whole implant surrounded by healthy peri-implant tissues. Implant surface presented a close contact with newly formed bone, showing some areas of osteoblasts secreting mineral matrix. The ground section depicted a bone contact of 60.3 + 8.5%. The BPC® grit-blasted surface was biocompatible and enabled the osseointegration process after a short-term period.