RESUMEN
Medical records (2004-2016) of five dogs with a thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula (SAD) that was diagnosed with stress myelography in four dogs and magnetic resonance imaging in three, and who had hemilaminectomy, diverticular marsupialization, and vertebral stabilization, were reviewed. Data on previous treatment, pre- and postoperative neurologic status, diagnostic findings, surgical techniques, and outcomes was retrieved. Follow-up clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed immediately; â¼1, 2, and 6 mo postoperatively; and at annual follow-up examinations. The stress myelography demonstrated spinal cord dynamic compression in three of four dogs and change in size or shape of the SAD in all four. Two dogs who had SAD recurrences 4 and 13 mo after previous surgical dural fenestration, and one dog with no previous SAD treatment demonstrated long-term neurological improvement after vertebral stabilization (49, 77, and 126 mo). In two other dogs, recurrence of clinical signs was observed at the follow-up (8 and 12 mo). This case series suggested that repetitive spinal cord injury from the dynamic lesion appears to be one potential cause of thoracolumbar SADs. In cases with dynamic lesions confirmed by stress myelography, vertebral stabilization with conventional techniques is indicated to prevent SAD recurrence.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Laminectomía/veterinaria , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/veterinaria , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Laminectomía/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Masculino , Mielografía/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/patología , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/cirugía , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/patología , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This article aims to evaluate clinical outcomes and complications of distal radial and ulnar fractures in miniature- and toy-breed dogs treated with conventional bone plate fixation. METHODS: Medical records (2001-2010) of miniature- and toy-breed dogs with distal radial and ulnar fractures repaired with open reduction and internal fixation utilizing conventional plates were reviewed. The inclusion criteria were body weight of <7 kg, fracture located in the distal antebrachium (distal-to-total radial length ratio < 0.4) and follow-up radiographs available. RESULTS: All 65 fractures healed without developing non-union, and had a successful return to normal function (median follow-up: 73 months; range: 2-149 months). Minor complication in seven fractures and major complication in four fractures were identified. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Open reduction and conventional plate fixation of distal radial and ulnar fractures in miniature- and toy-breed dogs are effective means of fixation that result in normal functional outcome without developing non-union.
Asunto(s)
Placas Óseas/veterinaria , Perros/lesiones , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/veterinaria , Fracturas del Radio/veterinaria , Fracturas del Cúbito/veterinaria , Animales , Perros/cirugía , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fracturas del Radio/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Fracturas del Cúbito/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the application of skin stretchers for closure of single-stage bilateral mastectomies in a dog and a cat. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical case report. ANIMALS: A 12-year-old intact female Miniature Dachshund and a 13-year-old spayed female domestic short-hair cat. METHODS: Skin stretchers were applied to the site of the skin adjacent to mammary glands for 2-4 days before surgery. Cable tension was adjusted every 6-8 hours to elongate the skin and to achieve primary closure of single-stage bilateral mastectomy without tension. RESULTS: Wound closure after single-stage bilateral mastectomy was achieved without tension or major complication in both animals. CONCLUSION: Use of skin stretchers allows primary closure of single-stage bilateral mastectomy in dogs and cats.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Colgajos Quirúrgicos/veterinaria , Animales , Gatos , Perros , Femenino , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/cirugía , Mastectomía/métodos , Mastectomía/veterinaria , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
The direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT) on fresh brain tissues is the gold standard for rabies virus antigen detection in dogs. However, this method is laborious and holds a high risk of virus exposure for the experimenter. Skin biopsies are useful for the diagnosis of humans and animals. In mammals, the tactile hair, known as the follicle-sinus complex (FSC), is a specialized touch organ that is abundant in the muzzle skin. Each tactile hair is equipped with more than 2,000 sensory nerve endings. Therefore, this organ is expected to serve as an alternative postmortem diagnostic material. However, the target cells and localization of rabies virus antigen in the FSCs remain to be defined. In the present study, muzzle skins were obtained from 60 rabid dogs diagnosed with rabies by dFAT at the Research Institute of Tropical Medicine in the Philippines. In all dogs, virus antigen was clearly detected in a part of the outer root sheath at the level of the ring sinus of the FSCs, and the majority of cells were positive for the Merkel cell (MC) markers cytokeratin 20 and CAM5.2. Our results suggest that MCs in the FSCs of the muzzle skin are a target for virus replication and could serve as a useful alternative specimen source for diagnosis of rabies.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Folículo Piloso/virología , Inmunohistoquímica/métodos , Células de Merkel/virología , Virus de la Rabia/aislamiento & purificación , Rabia/veterinaria , Piel/virología , Animales , Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Antígenos Virales/ultraestructura , Diagnóstico , Técnicas y Procedimientos Diagnósticos , Enfermedades de los Perros/virología , Perros , Folículo Piloso/ultraestructura , Células de Merkel/ultraestructura , Rabia/diagnóstico , Rabia/virología , Virus de la Rabia/inmunología , Virus de la Rabia/ultraestructura , Piel/patología , Coloración y EtiquetadoRESUMEN
Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus. While the salivary glands are important as exit and propagation sites for the rabies virus, the mechanisms of rabies excretion remain unclear. Here, we investigated the histopathology of the salivary glands of rabid dogs and analyzed the mechanism of excretion into the oral cavity. Mandibular and parotid glands of 22 rabid dogs and three control dogs were used. Mild to moderate non-suppurative sialadenitis was observed in the mandibular glands of 19 of the 22 dogs, characterized by loss of acinar epithelium and infiltration by lymphoplasmacytic cells. Viral antigens were detected in the mucous acinar epithelium, ganglion neurons and myoepithelium. Acinar epithelium and lymphocytes were positive for anti-caspase-3 antibodies and TUNEL staining. In contrast, no notable findings were observed in the ductal epithelial cells and serous demilune. In the parotid gland, the acinar cells, myoepithelium and ductal epithelium all tested negative. These findings confirmed the path through which the rabies virus descends along the facial nerve after proliferation in the brain to reach the ganglion neurons of the mandibular gland, subsequently traveling to the acinar epithelium via the salivary gland myoepithelium. Furthermore, the observation that nerve endings passing through the myoepithelium were absent from the ductal system suggested that viral proliferation and cytotoxicity could not occur there, ensuring that secretions containing the virus are efficiently excreted into the oral cavity.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Rabia/veterinaria , Glándulas Salivales/patología , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Enfermedades de los Perros/virología , Perros/virología , Femenino , Masculino , Filipinas , Rabia/patología , Glándulas Salivales/virologíaRESUMEN
A 15-year-old, female mixed-breed dog presented with abdominal distention. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a large left ovarian mass (20 × 15 × 12 cm). Histopathological examination of the mass revealed a mixed myxoid liposarcoma and a well-differentiated leiomyoma. Four months after surgical removal of the mass, the dog died due to multiorgan metastasis. The metastasis was composed solely of the liposarcoma component. The liposarcoma component was Alcian Blue- and Oil red O-positive, and demonstrated immunoreactivity with S-100, adipophilin and vimentin. Electron microscopy revealed that the tumor cell cytoplasms were packed with lipid vacuoles and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of myxoid liposarcoma and leiomyoma co-existing in a canine ovary.