[A role of the autonomic nervous system in cerebro-cardiac disorders]. / Rol' vegetativnoi nervnoi sistemy v razvitii tserebrokardial'nykh narushenii.

The authors consider anatomical/physiological characteristics and a role of different autonomic CNS regions, including insula cortex, amygdala complex, anterior cingulate cortex, ventral medial prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus and epiphysis, involved in the regulation of cardiovascular activity. The damage of these structures, e.g., due to the acute disturbance of cerebral blood circulation, led to arrhythmia, including fatal arrhythmia, in previously intact myocardium; systolic and diastolic dysfunction, ischemic changes considered in the frames of cerebro-cardial syndrome. On the cellular level, the disturbance of autonomic regulation resulted in catechol amine excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and free radical myocardium injury.

[Correction of functional state of divers during training camps].

Correction of functional state of divers during training camps. The effect of a course of inhaled xenon-oxygen gas mixtures and audiovisual stimulation on the performance of the functional state of divers specialists in the process of intensive training camps is researched. It is shown that the combined use of them has a generally positive effect on the level of the functional state-diving professionals, increasing their individual resistance to adverse factors the complex military-professional environment. The results allow us to consider the combined use of these techniques as a promising means of surgical correction of the functional state of persons whose activities take place in conditions of considerable physical and psycho-emotional stress.

[Features of the periodontal pathology at patients with metabolic syndrome].

The purpose of this article is to familiarize readers on the relationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis, as well as common pathogenetic processes underlying these diseases. The data of modern researches, devoted to the correlation of lesions of periodontal and systemic diseases associated with metabolic syndrome. In the article analyzed also the data of the original study of the interaction of periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, which also used special methods of examination like Doppler ultrasound microcirculatory vasculature of the periodontal tissues and ultrasound densitometry. The possible methods of diagnostics of a condition of periodontal tissues in patients with metabolic syndrome are considered. Conclusions about the relationship of each component of metabolic syndrome with periodontitis are made.

[Development of a methodology of for medical-flight examination of flight personnel under condition of hospital].

Development of a methodology of for medical-flight examination of flight personnel under condition of hospital. When performing an experimental study of ways of improvement of hyperbaric ascent involving 95 servicemen,of special contingent determined lack of ascent security of flight crews to altitudes up to 6500 meters due to the large percentage (10%) of revealed reduced hypoxia tolerance of mild and moderate level in military personnel and potentially high risk of high-altitude decompression disease without a preparatory desaturation. The experimental testing of 5 minutes ascent technique for 5000 m and 6000 m is performed, justified criteria of hypobaric hypoxia tolerance of mild and moderate level during the examination of health state of 589 aircrew personnel (including personnel with approved diagnoses) in hyperbaric chamber in relation to hospital conditions. It is experimentally shown that the method of the survey in the chamber on hypoxia tolerance of mild and moderate level in the ascent to the height of 5000 m and 6000 m is an effective mean of determining the functional state and reserve capacity of the organism to identify hidden forms of human diseases and can be used for medical-flight examination of flight personnel in a hospital.

[Hypobaric chamber as a test of the aircrew of Russain Air Forces].

Authors research clinical medical importance of hypobaric ascends to an attitude of 5000 meters for 20 minutes for detection of latent forms of diseases and assessment of professional health and ascends to an attitude of 5000 and 6000 meters for 5 minutes when performing psychophysiological training for high altitude flying. According to test of 1326 pilots of Russian Air Forces, including pilots with different diseases, hypobaric ascends showed high diagnostic effectiveness for the professional health assessment. By using of both methods it was revealed that frequency of detection of decreased tolerance to hypoxia is the same (in average in 2,7 and 3,1% of total number of patients). By ascends in 38 patients (2,9%) was revealed decreased tolerance to hypoxia of medium level. It indicated about low functional state and space capacity of pilots. It was proved that hypobaric ascends of 5000 and 6000 meters for 5 minutes could be considered as an effective method of checkup of aircrew for the aviation physical examination.

[Effect of TT genotype of the vitamin D receptor gene on bone mineral density in dialysis patients].

AIM: to evaluate the effect of Taqi genotypes of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism on bone mineral density (BMD) and the risk for secondary osteoporosis (OP) in patients on programmed hemodialysis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty-two patients treated with long-term hemodialysis were examined. Along with physical examination, osteodensitometry was carried out and VDR gene polymorphism was studied in all the patients. RESULTS: OP in the study skeletal parts was more common in the TT-genotype group. The serum concentration of intact parathyroid hormone and the activity of alkaline phosphatase were also higher in the TT-genotype group. However, the diferences were statistically insignificant between the TT-, Tt-, and tt- genotype groups. BMD was lowest in each study skeletal parts in the TT-genotype group and this difference was statistically significant in the proximal femur, which was estimated by the Z index (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study confirm the hypothesis that the VRD gene is a genetic determinant of bone metabolism in patients with chronic renal disease who receive long-term hemodialysis.

[Specific features of a course of chronic glomerulonephritis with onset in childhood].

AIM: Analysis of the course and rate of progression of morphologically confirmed forms of chronic glonerulonephritis (CGN) with onset in childhood and adolescence (1950 to 2005). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The course of the disease was examined in 110 patients with morphologically verified form of CGN with onset in childhood. Maximal history of CGN was 42 years. RESULTS: CGN was morphologically mesangio-proliferative in 50.9% patients, while nephritis with minimal alterations occurred only in 10% patients. Most of the patients (71; 64.6%) had secondary hypertension, chronic renal failure (39; 35.5%). Programmed hemodialysis was conducted in 14 (12.7%) patients, 10 (9.1%) patients died. Stable dysability developed in 41 (37.3%) patients. The most severe course of the diseases was observed in patients with family history of CGN. CONCLUSION: Recently, CGN with debut in childhood shows a trend to an unfavourable course, had severe manifestations at a disease debut, and progresses rapidly.

Development of differential sensitivity of CaOv ovarian adenocarcinoma cells to antitumor agents under conditions of hypoxia.

We studied the role of VEGF signal pathway in autocrine regulation of tumor cell growth and survival under conditions of hypoxia. Hypoxia-resistant CaOv/H substrain with high level of VEGF-A secretion was obtained by long-term culturing of CaOv ovarian adenocarcinoma cells with CoCl2 (hypoxia inductor). VEGF-A directly participates in autocrine regulation of CaOv cell growth, including the maintenance of cell growth under conditions of hypoxia or cytostatic treatment. On the other hand, CaOv/H cells retain high apoptotic potential and are characterized by high expression of p27Kip1 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor), which attests to possible involvement of this inhibitor into the regulation of apoptotic response of cells under conditions of hypoxia.

[The role of immediate-type allergic reactions in the pathogenesis of the nephrotic syndrome]. / Rol' allergicheskikh reaktsii nemedlennogo tipa v patogeneze nefroticheskogo sindroma.

The study was made of 52 patients with various morphological forms of glomerulonephritis and history of allergy versus 22 healthy subjects. Mean age of the patients was 28.5 +/- 7.2 years. High IgE levels occurred in 37 cases (71.1%). Most of the patients had lipoid nephrosis. Normal levels of IgE were more frequently associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome characterized by a progressive decline of renal function and severe damage to the glomeruli. A correlation existed between high IgE level and activation of antistreptococcal immunity. Two cases are reported of nephrotic syndrome onset following immediate allergic reaction to food allergen (1 case) and insect sting (1 case).

[Lipid metabolic disorders and lipid peroxidation in patients with the nephrotic syndrome]. / Narusheniia lipidnogo obmena i perekisnoe okislenie lipidov u bol'nykh s nefroticheskim sindromom.

Lipid metabolism was studied in 161 patients with renal diseases, 62 of them had nephrotic syndrome (NS). The measurements were made of cholesterol, triglycerides, dienic conjugates, B2-microglobulins in urine and blood, functional and morphological parameters, red cell resistance to peroxide hemolysis. It was found that NS patients, especially those with additional renal failure, displayed high-intensity lipoperoxidation (LPO). LPO intensity proved unrelated to NS etiology. NS-associated hyperlipidemia gives rise to multifunctional biomembrane instability responsible for antioxidant disorders.

[The immunogenetic risk factors in the nephrotic syndrome]. / Immunogeneticheskie faktory riska pri nefroticheskom sindrome.

An immunogenetic investigation was conducted of 82 patients with renal disease. 48 of them had nephrotic syndrome (NS) of different origin (glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis, diabetic glomerulosclerosis). The findings were compared to those obtained at control population studies of 619 healthy residents of St. Petersburg. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of HLA antigens A-10, B-13, B-35, B-41, DR-2, DR-7 and high homozygosity were found in NS patients. Antigen A-2 occurred statistically less frequently. A relative risk (RR) to develop the disease was in all cases > 2. Typing of NS patients and those with high diagnostic titers of antistreptolysin-O revealed in them a significantly higher occurrence (r < 0.01) of A-10 and B-40 antigens compared to controls and NS-free patients. HLA antigens appeared related to morphological variants of glomerulonephritis running with NS. The study results suggest association between genetic, etiological factors and body's response to injury. Feasibility of NS prognosis is reviewed.

[The characteristics of the nephrotic syndrome in patients with renal amyloidosis]. / Osobennosti nefroticheskogo sindroma u bol'nykh s amiloidozom pochek.

68 cases of histologically confirmed renal amyloidosis associated clinically with the nephrotic syndrome (NS) were studied. The age of patients (over 40 years), mounting syndrome's manifestations in developing renal failure, absence of correlation between the quantity of amyloid deposits and completeness of the syndrome's picture were characteristic of the nephrotic syndrome in amyloidosis. NS in amyloidosis was most frequently the sign of extended process in kidneys and did not differ from other nephrotic syndromes by the disorders of lipid and protein metabolism. Direct correlation between nephrotic proteinuria and severity of tubulointerstitial lesions was found. 5-year survival from the onset of NS was 48%. Vital verification of NS caused by amyloidosis is complicated, nephrobiopsy being the most informative.

[Lipidemia in the nephrotic syndrome and the atherogenicity of the plasma]. / Lipidemiia pri nefroticheskom sindrome i aterogennost' plazmy.

The nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Hypercholesterolemia is in some cases a risk factor for atherosclerosis in this group of patients. The lipid plasma spectrum was studied in 45 patients with the nephrotic syndrome. Most pronounced changes of the lipid composition of the plasma were revealed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and a special form of mesangio-proliferative glomerulonephritis which is characterized by a torpid course and rapid development of chronic renal failure. Plasma atherogenicity was calculated according to the index of plasma atherogenicity. A high atherogenicity index was revealed in patients with an association of the nephrotic syndrome and arterial hypertension. Plasma atherogenicity is determined mainly by the level of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol.

[Anti-infectious immunity and bacteriuria in patients with the nephrotic syndrome]. / Protivoinfektsionnyi immunitet i bakteriuriia u bol'nykh s nefroticheskim sindromom.

The study was made of antiviral antibodies to respiratory viruses, mycoplasma, O-streptolysin, of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of bacteriuria in 52 patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) due to glomerulonephritis against 18 NS control subjects without glomerulonephritis. Significant differences between the groups appeared in the titers of antibodies to Coxsackie and influenza A viruses. O-streptolysin. Persistence of viral latent infection in NS is suggested as well as a trigger role of viruses in the disease onset and that of other urinary inflammatory affections whose incidence is now on the increase.

[The clinico-laboratory dynamics in the reaferon treatment of glomerulonephritis patients with the nephrotic syndrome]. / Kliniko-laboratornaia dinamika pri lechenii reaferonom bol'nykh glomerulonefritom s nefroticheskim sindromom.

Overall 40 chronic glomerulonephritis patients with nephrotic syndrome were treated by reaferon. All the patients underwent clinical and laboratory examinations and nephric biopsy. As a result of the treatment, all the patients demonstrated an increase of the level of glomerular filtration, stabilization of protein and lipid metabolism along with the lowering of diurnal proteinuria. Reaferon exerted a beneficial effect on cellular factors of immunity. In some cases, the use of reaferon can be a definite alternative of the conventional treatment methods.

[Clinical, immunological and morphological evaluation of nephrotic syndrome]. / Klinicheskaia, immunologicheskaia i morfologicheskaia otsenka nefroticheskogo sindroma.

The results are available of combined examination of the kidneys in 84 patients with manifest nephrotic syndrome varying in etiology: 57 had glomerulonephritis, 18 amyloidosis, 9 diabetic nephropathy. The study covered lipid metabolism, immunological status, lifetime morphological investigation of the kidneys. The latter procedure proved advantageous over biochemical and immunological studies in deciding upon nosological diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome and its prognosis. Destruction of podocytic miner processes revealed in all the syndrome cases can serve a uniform morphological substrate underlying massive proteinuria.

[The role of the kidney lymphatic capillaries in the pathogenesis of the nephrotic syndrome]. / Rol' limfaticheskikh kapilliarov pochki v patogeneze nefroticheskogo sindroma.

As many as 16 patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) of varying etiology and 10 patients without the NS were examined for ultrastructure of lymph capillaries of the kidney. Many-staged changes, from regenerative to destructive ones, associated with proteinuria growth and formation of the NS were revealed in lymph capillaries of the kidney. Patients with the NS of long standing manifested irreversible destructive processes--destruction of the capillary walls, karyopyknosis and cytoplasm coagulation. Microcirculatory disorders may be regarded as one of the mechanisms implicated in nephropathy progress.