[Endovideosurgical antireflux operations in combination with cholecystectomy].

In the city center of endovideosurgery during 1999-2005 there were 205 patients examined and treated for cholelithiasis combined with gastro-esophageal-reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernias. Simultaneous interventions, antireflux operation and cholecystectomy were performed in 150 patients. Cholecystectomy followed by conservative treatment of GERD was performed in 55 patients. The results of treatment were followed up during 1 and 6 months.

[Immune-regulating Th1- and Th2-cytokines in chronic infections caused by hepatitis B and C viruses]. / Immunoreguliatornye Th1- i Th2-tsitokiny pri khronicheskikh infektsiiakh, vyzvannykh virusami gepatitov B i C.

The serum levels of Th1 (gamma-IFN and sIL-2r) and of Th2 (IL-10) cytokines were measured in 33 patients (23 males and 10 females, mean age 23.1 +/- 1.9) with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) according to a disease etiology (6 patients with hepatitis B--CVHB, 15 patients with hepatitis C--CVHC, and 12 patients with a mixed form of chronic hepatitis B and C--HBV + HCV). Besides, the contents of the studied cytokines were compared with the traditional infection markers and the presence of viremia. The similar indices taken from 10 healthy persons served as controls. The concentration of gamma-IFN was found to be reliably higher (p < 0.05) in patients of all three groups (0.32 +/- 0.07, 0.34 +/- 0.09 and 0.25 +/- 0.06 pg/ml, respectively) regardless of a disease etiology and as compared with the control value (0.09 +/- 0.04) pg/ml). At the same time, the levels of gamma-IFN, sIL-2r and IL-10 (0.25 +/- 0.06 pg/ml, 166.5 +/- 31.3 IU/ml and 48.1 +/- 8.4 pg/ml, respectively) was found to be reliably (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) higher, as compared to the controls (0.09 +/- 0.04, 57.1 +/- 5.6 and 10.8 +/- 7.8, respectively), only in patients with the mixed infection of hepatitis. Like in our previous study, a trend was established towards the growing mean values of the IL-r level from its lowest parameters in the group of CVHB patients towards its highest parameters in the group with the mixed hepatitis form. According to our data, the IL-2r level correlated reliably with the activity of AlAt (r = 0.452; p < 0.05), while the gamma-IFN content correlated reliably with the IL-10 concentration (r = 0.805; p < 0.05), and the gamma-IFN content correlated with the IL-10 concentration (r = 0.805; p < 0.01) irrespective of disease pathology.

[Th1-cytokines in chronic hepatitis B and C]. / Th1-tsitokiny pri khronicheskikh formakh virusnykh gepatitov B i C.

Forty-four patients with chronic HBV and HCV were observed. Serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and soluble IL-2 receptor (IL-2r) were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 29 patients divided into 3 groups: group 1 (n = 9) with chronic HBV, group 2 (n = 9) with chronic HCV, and group 3 (n = 11) with mixed HBV + HCV infection. Control group consisted of 10 normal subjects without HBV, HCV, or HIV infection markers. The most informative of Th1 cytokines was IL-2r: its concentration was increased significantly (p < 0.01) in all patients with hepatitis B and/or C in comparison with the control. In addition, there was a trend to an increase in the mean concentrations of IL-2r from group 1 to groups 2 and 3. The concentrations of IFH-gamma and IL-2 did not differ significantly in the patients and controls. However, the concentrations of IFN-gamma were increased significantly (p < 0.01) in comparison with the control in 3 patients from group 1 and 4 patients from group 3 with more pronounced inflammation.

[The morphology and constitution-based criteria for the assessment of individual risk for the development of vibration disease]. / Otsenka individual'nlgo riska razvitiia vibratsionnoi bolezni na osnove morfokonstitutsional'nykh kriteriev.

The authors studied morphologic and constitutional features in individuals with various durability to vibration. Patients fragile to vibration were pectoral and indefinite somatotypes with connective tissue dysplasia and small congenital abnormalities (spondylodysplasia, venous wall deficiency. "dysplastic" heart signs and others). Patients durable to vibration were muscular and abdominal somatotypes with rare connective tissue dysplasia and small congenital abnormalities (2.5-10.2% of cases). Evaluation of morphologic and constitutional characteristics is recommended in preliminary and periodic medical examinations of workers subjected to vibration, for assessment of individual risk degree and differential medical follow-up.

[Complex system of predicting, planning and coordinating scientific research in neurology and its management]. / Kompleksnaia sistema prognozirovaniia, planirovaniia, koordinatsii nauchnykh issledovanii po nevrologii i upravleniia imi.

Acceleration of scientific and technological progress calls for further improvement in the system of regulation of neurologic research in the USSR. Recently the role of the Scientific Council, Task commissions and leading institutions in shaping research policy, in active planning and coordination of research work, and in its methodological and organizational regulation has increased significantly. The most important task facing neurologists today is increase in the efficacy of investigations and the introduction of the obtained results into health practice.

[Cerebral stroke. Social consequences]. / Mozgovoi insul't. Sotsial 'nye posledstviia.

The work was based on the data obtained by the epidemiological register method. The incidence of cerebral strokes and the patients' mortality were determined. By the end of the first year after the stroke in 42.5% of patients who survived there remained pareses and paralyses. In a part of the patients the ability for walking and using transport was impaired. 38.2% of the patients needed assistance in performing one or several ADL functions, such as, dressing, food taking, washing, use of toilet and bath. 20.2% of the patients who worked before the stroke could return to their work, and 17.1% of the patients who kept house before the stroke could return to their former household activity. The patients were divided into ADL classes and classes determining the state of their labour and everday-life rehabilitation. This distribution was found to be of practical importance.

[Cerebral strokes. Incidence and mortality]. / Mozgovoi insul't. Zabolevaemost' i smertnost'.

The paper presents data concerning the incidence of brain strokes and the mortality rate. These indices were received for the first time on a large population by the method of brain stroke register. The frequency of brain strokes during one year equaled to 2.5 cases, the mortality rate 1 case per 1000 population. Genuine indices of the incidence and mortality rates for different age groups were established. They appeared to be relatively high in people over 60 years. The mortality coefficient is higher in females. In brain infarctions the frequency and mortality is higher than in brain and subarachnoidal hemorrhages.