RESUMEN
A reductionist view of mental health tends to give limited results. While some important benefits are still achieved, other key elements are left unaddressed. These gaps tend to wipe out the gains which were made by focusing on the dominant aspects of mental health that are promoted by a reductionist view. This paper explores such gaps by looking at those healing traditions which view health and wellness from a broader perspective. Through the live experience of such traditions the paper tries to illustrate how the deeper aspects of mental health are also relevant. The paper attempts to argue that diverse cultures have inbuilt repositories of existential wisdom which can help in promoting and maintaining positive mental health through a conceptual exploratory analysis.
RESUMEN
Carbon based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are fabricated through easily scalable screen printing techniques, using abundant and cheap carbon to replace the hole transport material (HTM) and the gold electrode further reduces costs, and carbon acts as a moisture repellent that helps in maintaining the stability of the underlying perovskite active layer. An inorganic interlayer of spinel cobaltite oxides (Co3O4) can greatly enhance the carbon based PSC performance by suppressing charge recombination and extracting holes efficiently. The main focus of this research work is to investigate the effectiveness of Co3O4 spinel oxide as the hole transporting interlayer for carbon based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In these types of PSCs, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is restricted by the charge carrier transport and recombination processes at the carbon-perovskite interface. The spinel Co3O4 nanoparticles are synthesized using the chemical precipitation method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. A screen printed thin layer of p-type inorganic spinel Co3O4 in carbon PSCs provides a better-energy level matching, superior efficiency, and stability. Compared to standard carbon PSCs (PCE of 11.25%) an improved PCE of 13.27% with long-term stability, up to 2500 hours under ambient conditions, is achieved. Finally, the fabrication of a monolithic perovskite module is demonstrated, having an active area of 70 cm2 and showing a power conversion efficiency of >11% with virtually no hysteresis. This indicates that Co3O4 is a promising interlayer for efficient and stable large area carbon PSCs.
RESUMEN
Altering cation and anion ratios in perovskites has proven an excellent means of tuning the perovskite properties and enhancing the performance. Recently, methylammonium/formamidinium/cesium triple-cation mixed-halide perovskites have demonstrated efficiencies up to 22 %. Similar to the widely explored methylammonium lead halide, excess PbI2 is added to these perovskite films to enhance their performances. The excess PbI2 is known to be beneficial for the performance. However, its impact on stability is less well known. Triple-cation perovskites deploy excess PbI2 up to 8 %. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the role of excess PbI2 in the degradation kinetics. In this study, the amount of PbI2 in the triple-cation perovskite films is varied and the degradation kinetics monitored by X-ray diffraction and optical absorption spectroscopy. The inclusion of excess PbI2 is shown to adversely affect the stability of the material. Faster degradation kinetics are observed for samples with higher PbI2 contents. However, samples with excess PbI2 also showed superior properties such as enhanced grain sizes and better optical absorption. Thus, careful management of the PbI2 quantity is required to obtain better stability and alternative pathways should be explored to achieve better device performance rather than adding excess PbI2 .