RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of bullying and its determinants among adolescents attending school. METHOD: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of adolescents, who were selected using a multistage probability sampling, from 20 public educational institutions in a Colombian city, in which a simple and multivariate binomial regression was carried out. RESULTS: A total of 500 adolescents participated from which 50.4% were women and 53.2% in their middle adolescence. Verbal violence prevailed in 66.5%, followed by physical violence in 32.0% and social bullying in 30.6%. 69.5% of the adolescents have been witnesses, 35.8% victims, and 14.2% aggressors. 80.5% of the aggressors were victims of bullying. In the multivariate analysis, an association was found between being a victim and having disabilities (PR:2.4; CI: 1.6-3.7), verbal aggression in the home (PR: 1.7; CI: 1.2-2.3) and drug abuse (PR: 1.7; CI 1.1-2.8). Being an aggressor was also associated with being a victim (PR: 7.2; CI 3.6-14.3) and alcohol abuse (PR: 2.2; CI: 1.3-3.8). CONCLUSION: The frequency of bullying observed and the associated determinants demonstrate the persistence of this problem in adolescents and the need to develop a culture of appropriate and inclusive coexistence that goes beyond the school setting.
Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Violencia/clasificación , Adolescente , Agresión , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia del acoso escolar y sus factores determinantes en adolescentes escolarizados. Método Estudio de corte transversal analítico en una muestra de adolescentes provenientes de 20 instituciones educativas públicas de una ciudad de Colombia, seleccionados mediante un muestreo probabilístico polietápico. Se realizó regresión binomial simple y multivariable. Resultados Participaron 500 adolescentes. El 50,4% eran mujeres y 53,2% en adolescencia media. Predominó la violencia verbal (66,5%) seguida de física (32,0%) y por exclusión (30,6%). El 69,5% de los adolescentes fueron testigos, 35,8% víctimas y 14,2% agresores. El 80,5% de los agresores fueron víctimas de acoso escolar. En el análisis multivariable, se encontró asociación entre ser víctima y presentar alguna discapacidad (RP 2,4 IC 1,6-3,7), agresión verbal en el hogar (RP 1,7 IC 1,2-2,3) y consumo de droga (RP 1,7 IC 1,1-2,8). Asimismo, ser agresor se asoció con ser víctima (RP 7,2 IC 3,6-14,3) y consumo de alcohol (RP 2,2 IC 1,3-3,8). Conclusión La frecuencia de acoso escolar observada y los factores determinantes asociados, evidencian la persistencia de esta problemática en los adolescentes y la necesidad de desarrollar una cultura de convivencia adecuada e incluyente que trascienda el escenario escolar.
RESUMO Objetivo Determinar a prevalência do assédio escolar e seus fatores determinantes em adolescentes escolarizados. Método Estudo de corte transversal analítico em uma amostra de adolescentes oriundos de 20 estabelecimentos educacionais públicas de uma cidade da Colômbia, selecionados mediante uma amostragem probabilística polietápica. Uma regressão binomial simples e multivariável foi realizada no estudo. Resultados Participaram 500 adolescentes. 50,4% eram mulheres e 53.2% jovens em adolescência média. Predominou a violência verbal (66,5%) seguida da física (32,0%) e por exclusão (30,6%). 69,5% dos adolescentes foram testemunhas, 35,8% vítimas e 14,2% agressores. 80,5% dos agressores foram vítimas de assédio escolar. Na análise multivariável, verificou-se uma relação entre ser vítima e ter alguma deficiência (RP 2,4 IC 1,6-3,7), agressão verbal em casa (RP 1,7 IC 1,2-2,3) e consumo de droga (RP 1,7 IC 1,1-2,8). Igualmente, ser agressor foi associado com ser vítima (RP 7,2 IC 3,6-14,3) e consumo de álcool (RP 2,2 IC 1,3-3,8). Conclusão A frequência de assédio escolar observada e os fatores determinantes associados, evidenciam a persistência desta problemática nos adolescentes e a necessidade de desenvolver uma cultura de convivência adequada e influente além do âmbito escolar.
ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence of bullying and its determinants among adolescents attending school. Method An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of adolescents, who were selected using a multistage probability sampling, from 20 public educational institutions in a Colombian city, in which a simple and multivariate binomial regression was carried out. Results A total of 500 adolescents participated from which 50.4% were women and 53.2% in their middle adolescence. Verbal violence prevailed in 66.5%, followed by physical violence in 32.0% and social bullying in 30.6%. 69.5% of the adolescents have been witnesses, 35.8% victims, and 14.2% aggressors. 80.5% of the aggressors were victims of bullying. In the multivariate analysis, an association was found between being a victim and having disabilities (PR:2.4; CI: 1.6-3.7), verbal aggression in the home (PR: 1.7; CI: 1.2-2.3) and drug abuse (PR: 1.7; CI 1.1-2.8). Being an aggressor was also associated with being a victim (PR: 7.2; CI 3.6-14.3) and alcohol abuse (PR: 2.2; CI: 1.3-3.8). Conclusion The frequency of bullying observed and the associated determinants demonstrate the persistence of this problem in adolescents and the need to develop a culture of appropriate and inclusive coexistence that goes beyond the school setting.