Cuestionario sobre salud oral para cuidadores de niños con parálisis cerebral: análisis psicométrico / Questionnaire about oral health for caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: psychometric analysis

Objetivo: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de un cuestionario específicamente diseñado para determinar el grado de conocimiento sobre salud bucal de cuidadores de niños con Parálisis Cerebral. Materiales y métodos: Participaron cien cuidadores de niños con Parálisis Cerebral, usuarios del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Pedro Aguirre Cerda, Santiago. Se evaluó el instrumento mediante el análisis de componentes principales, se calcularon los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson para indagar los patrones de asociación existentes entre sus componentes, se analizó la confiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach) y, considerando los valores percentiles del promedio de las respuestas, se determinaron los puntajes de corte, estableciéndose los niveles de conocimiento reportados por los participantes. Resultados: El análisis indicó que existe un factor latente sobre el único constructo definido -el grado de conocimiento sobre salud bucodental de cuidadores de niños con Parálisis Cerebral. El alfa de Cronbach fue 0.91. Todas las correlaciones fueron positivas y de magnitud no despreciable. Se establecieron cuatro niveles de conocimiento: "muy por debajo de lo esperado", "bajo lo esperado", "sobre lo esperado" y "muy sobre lo esperado". Conclusiones: La confiabilidad de las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento son apropiadas para su uso en atención clínica o proyectos de investigación.

Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of a specifically designed questionnaire to determine the degree of oral health knowledge of caregivers of children with Cerebral Palsy. Material and methods: One hundred caregivers of children with cerebral palsy participated, users of the "Pedro Aguirre Cerda" National Rehabilitation Institute, Santiago. To evaluate the instrument, the principal component analysis was performed, Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the existing association patterns between its components, reliability was analysed (Cronbach's alpha) and, considering the percentile values of the average of the responses, the cut-off scores were determined to establish the levels of knowledge reported by the participants. Results: The analysis indicated the existence of a latent factor on the only construct defined in its design - the degree of knowledge about oral health of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. A Cronbach's alpha of 0,91 was obtained. All the correlations were positive and of a non-negligible magnitude. Four levels of knowledge were established: "well below expectations", "below expectations", "above expectations" and "very above expectations". Conclusion: The reliability of the instrument´s psychometric properties makes it suitable for its use in clinical practice or research projects.

Design and validation of appearance and content of an oral health questionnaire for parents or caregivers of children with cerebral palsy

Introduction: cerebral palsy is a syndrome that involves a large number of childhood movement and posture disorders, resulting in activity limitation. it is attributed to non-progressive alterations in the fetal or infant brain. this disorder can also be accompanied by oral alterations, some of which can be prevented if the caretaker knows how to manage them. an adequate knowledge of oral health on the part of the caregivers has a positive impact on the oral status of their patients. objective: to design and validate a questionnaire to assess the oral health knowledge of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. methods: a literature search was conducted to identify published questionnaires on oral health knowledge related to people with disabilities. in the absence of questionnaires in spanish, the search was focused on other surveys aimed at parents of healthy children. validation of appearance and content was carried out by a panel of experts and a group representing the target population. subsequently, two pilot studies were carried out to determine the questions that would make up the final instrument, analyze the need to modify its wording and establish alternative answers. results: the designed questionnaire was approved by the panel of experts and by the representatives of the population at whom the instrument is aimed. after two pilot studies, a Cronbach's alpha of 0.83 was obtained. conclusion: the designed and validated questionnaire has good internal consistency. it is necessary to evaluate its reliability so that it can be used clinically and in research studies.

Dental management of patients with microstomia: a review of the literature and update on the treatment / Manejo clínico odontológico del paciente con microstomia: una revisión de la literatura y puesta al día

Difficulty in dental management is one of the factors that characterize the patient that requires special care in dentistry. One of the clinical conditions that make dental treatment particularly complex is microstomia. Microstomia is defined as a small and insufficient oral aperture that will hinder diagnosis and dental treatment. Although there have been reports of patients with diseases and syndromes that cause microstomia, the available literature offers only a limited number of reviews on this topic. The aim of this paper is to present a review of the etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of microstomia. In addition, to describe the therapeutic adaptations to be applied in dental procedures in patients with microstomia, emphasizing the importance of a preventive approach in this group of patients...

La dificultad en el manejo odontológico es uno de los factores que definen al paciente que requiere cuidados especiales en odontología. Una de las situaciones clínicas que más dificulta el tratamiento dental es la microstomia. La microstomia se define como una apertura bucal pequeña e insuficiente que va a dificultar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento bucodental. Aunque se han descrito casos clínicos de pacientes con enfermedades y síndromes que cursan con microstomia, no hay muchas revisiones del tema en la literatura. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión sobre la etiología, la clínica, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la microstomia. Así como, describir las adaptaciones terapéuticas que se deben aplicar en los procedimientos dentales en el paciente con microstomia, recalcando la importancia de un enfoque preventivo en este grupo de pacientes...