Pregnancy Induced Hypertension among Pregnant Women Delivering in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension is a major health issue with limited studies conducted so far in Chitwan, Nepal regarding adverse perinatal outcomes in obstetric population. This study aimed to find prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension among pregnant women delivering in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital of Chitwan, Nepal during the study period of six months from 15th Jan 2019- 16th July 2019 after getting ethical approval from Chitwan Medical College-Institutional Review Committee (Reference number-2075/076042). Women were selected via convenience sampling technique. Face to face interview was conducted to collect socio-demographic and obstetric data whereas, data related to the fetomaternal outcomes were obtained from patient charts and delivery record books. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 was used for data analysis. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. RESULTS: The prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension was found to be 91 (6.43%) (3.83-9.03 at 95% Confidence Interval) representing 71 (78.1%), 12 (13.2%), and 8 (8.7%) as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of pregnancy induced hypertension was found quite higher as compared to other similar studies done in Nepal. Gestational hypertension was most common type.

Verbal Abuse among Nurses in Tertiary Care Hospitals.

INTRODUCTION: Verbal abuse against nurses who are major working force can affect the work performance and productivity in hospital. Verbal abuse is epidemic in tertiary care hospitals though it is most preventable with healthcare professions. The study aims to identify the prevalence of verbal abuse among nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses in two tertiary care hospitals in Chitwan using self-administered questionnaire from August-December, 2018. The researcher used the convenient sampling technique and total 331 nurses were taken for the study. RESULTS: Prevalence of verbal abuse was found to be 122 (36.9 %) [34.25%-39.55% at 95% CI] among nurses. Perpetrators of the verbal abuse were relatives of the patients 64 (48.9%) followed by staff member 29 ( 23.77%), patient 23 (17.6%), management or supervisor 4 (3.1%) and from colleague 2 (1.5%). Frequency of verbal abuse as sometimes, once and all the times were 95 (77.86%), 20 (16.03%) and 7 (5.7 %) respectively. Study showed that verbal abuse was mostly done by relatives of the patient. Consequence of verbal abuse was disturbing memories, thoughts or an image ultimately reducing the job satisfaction. No any action was taken except verbal warning for 20 (58.8%) perpetrators. CONCLUSIONS: Verbal abuse is frequently prevalent in nurses and mostly from patient's visitors. Hence, nurses should maintain their respect and authority otherwise it will lead to decrease in their performance that shows direct impact on patient care and consequently the effectiveness of the health care system.

Prevalence of Verbal Abuse Among Doctors in Tertiary Care Hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Verbal abuse is the act of forcefully criticizing, insulting or denouncing another person. Verbal abuse can be devastating to doctors and may cause long lasting emotional and psychological damage. This study aims to find the prevalence of verbal abuse among doctors in tertiary care hospital. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors in a tertiary care hospitals, Chitwan from January to July, 2019 after taking ethical approval. Convenience sampling was done. Self administered questionnaire was distributed and data was collected. Point estimate at 95% CI was done for binary data along with frequency and proportion. Data were entered and calculations were done in Microsoft excel. RESULTS: Verbal abuse was found among 80 (33.3%) respondents at 95% Confidence Interval (27.51- 39.09%) and most 51 (63.8%) of perpetrators were relatives of the patients. Most 38 (47.5%) of the doctors were often worried in workplace. Incident of the verbal abuse was more 35 (43.6%) in morning and least 14 (17.4%) in night. Most 22 (27.5%) of the doctors did not take any action for incident although most 42 (52.5 %) of the doctors were encouraged by colleagues to take action. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of verbral abuse among the doctors were found out to be similar as the previous studies conducted in similar settings. This study has shown that doctors were frequently verbal abused by patient's relatives and were abused mostly in morning shift and were often worried in workplace.

Lifetime Experience of Violence in Early Adulthood Female.

INTRODUCTION: Despite political commitment and a supportive legal and policy framework, violence against women remains a significant problem in Nepal. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey reported more than one in five women experience violence in lifetime. Three fourth of women who had experienced physical or sexual violence had not sought any help. The aim of the study is to find out the status of early adult hood experience of violence in female. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in an Institute in Lalitpur. Accessibility sampling was used to find out the experience of violence from their childhood to this date. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the female students. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Frequency, mean, percentage and standard deviation were calculated. RESULTS: More than three fourth 71 (79.8%) of the female students were victim of violence and among them most 67 (75.3%) were at age of 11 to 19 years. Majority 63 (70.8%) were victimized from strangers followed by friends 11 (12.4%). Teasing 55 (61.8%) and unwanted touching 35 (39.3%) were the most common type of violence. Most 51 (57.3%) were the victim while traveling by public vehicle and walking on road 47 (52.8%). More than half (57.7%) were suffered <5 times. One third 34 (38.2%) told strict punishment to the offenders followed by awareness program 32 (36%) for the prevention of violence. CONCLUSIONS: Majority of the female students were victim of violence and offenders were young adult. Awareness program, strict rules and punishment to offenders should be implemented to prevent the violence among girls.

Awareness on Girl Child Abuse Among Mothers of A Selected Community.

INTRODUCTION: Girl Child Abuse is physically, emotionally, sexually abusing and neglecting the girl child by depriving her of universally accepted child rights. We aim to determine the awareness on girl child abuse among mothers so that necessary awareness programs could be recommended if found unsatisfactory. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Sundarbazar municipality of Lamjung district among randomly selecting 288 mothers who participated voluntarily in face to face interview that used structured questionnaire from 27th March to 23rd April, 2016. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferrential statistics like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square and linear by linear association. RESULTS: The findings of the study revealed that majority of mothers 224 (77.8%) had average level of awareness regarding girl child abuse and only 21 (7.3%) had good level of awareness with mean score±SD of 45.94±9.94 (total score-76). Awareness of mother on girl child abuse was found significantly associated with age, ethnicity, educational status, type of family, age at marriage and number of children at P<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The mothers had average level of awareness regarding girl child abuse; however, significant proportion of mothers still lacks good level of awareness. A nationwide study of such kind using qualitative tools as well as conducting awareness raising activities focusing on girl child abuse and sexual abuse in girl child is recommended.

Knowledge and practice of postnatal mother in newborn care.

INTRODUCTION: Neonatal mortality has continued to increase as a percentage (>60%) of overall infant mortality. Any further reduction in infant mortality is dependent on saving more newborn lives. It is possible if their mothers are knowledgeable and provide proper newborn care. Therefore, the objective of the study was to find out knowledge and practice of the postnatal mothers about newborn care. METHODS: A descriptive study was done among 100 purposively selected post natal mothers admitted in Teaching Hospital. Newborn care practice was observed among 20 mothers and comparison was done between knowledge and practice. Semi-structured interview questionnaire and observation checklist was used to collect the data. The descriptive statistics was used. RESULTS: Respondents' mean knowledge was on keeping newborn warm 44.2, on newborn care 47.2, on immunization 67.33, on danger signs 35.63. All (100%) respondents had have knowledge and practice to feed colostrums and exclusive breast feeding, 70 (70%) knew about early initiation of breastfeeding. Mean knowledge and practice of respondents was on measures to keep warm 8.5 and 17. Although 60 (60%) had knowledge to wash hands before breastfeeding, and after diaper care, only 10 (10%) followed it in practice. Mean practice of successful breast feeding was 37.5, 12 (60%) applied nothing kept cord dry. CONCLUSION: Postnatal mothers have adequate knowledge on areas like early, exclusive breast feeding, colostrums feeding, they have not much satisfactory knowledge in areas like hand washing, danger signs etc. While comparing knowledge with practice regarding newborn care, practice looks better in many areas.

Effects of educational intervention among reproductive age group women on safe abortion.

INTRODUCTION: Many reproductive aged women needlessly die due to unsafe abortion even when they seek help to terminate their unwanted pregnancy. These deaths could have been prevented had they been aware that safe abortion service was available to them. The study aimed at finding out the effectiveness of the education intervention in improving knowledge among reproductive age group women regarding the safe abortion. METHODS: An experimental intervention was carried out on safe abortion education among the reproductive age group women. The impact of pre- and post- intervention was evaluated by using a set of structured questionnaire in local language. The obtained data was analyzed by using the Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 12.0 for windows and result was interpreted. RESULTS: The post intervention finding revealed a significantly higher (p=0.001) mean on knowledge among participants about safe abortion compared to pre-observational test. The mean difference between the pre-test and post-test was 64.1% (Pre-test 11.18±12.88 Post-test 75.28±9.56). The research hypothesis was accepted with p value paired t-test at <0.001 (0.05). The result supports that the educational intervention was effective in increasing safe abortion awareness among reproductive aged group women. CONCLUSION: The safe abortion educational intervention program was instrumental to improve reproductive age women's knowledge considerably about safe abortion service.