Non-Invasive Three-Dimensional Cell Analysis in Bioinks by Raman Imaging.

3D bioprinting is an emerging biofabrication strategy using bioinks, comprising cells and biocompatible materials, to produce functional tissue models. Despite progress in building increasingly complex objects, biological analyses in printed constructs remain challenging. Especially, methods that allow non-invasive and non-destructive evaluation of embedded cells are largely missing. Here, we implemented Raman imaging for molecular-sensitive investigations on bioprinted objects. Different aspects such as culture formats (2D, 3D-cast, and 3D-printed), cell types (endothelial cells and fibroblasts), and the selection of the biopolymer (alginate, alginate/nanofibrillated cellulose, alginate/gelatin) were considered and evaluated. Raman imaging allowed for marker-independent identification and localization of subcellular components against the surrounding biomaterial background. Furthermore, single-cell analysis of spectral signatures, performed by multivariate analysis, demonstrated discrimination between endothelial cells and fibroblasts and identified cellular features influenced by the bioprinting process. In summary, Raman imaging was successfully established to analyze cells in 3D culture in situ and evaluate them with regard to the localization of different cell types and their molecular phenotype as a valuable tool for quality control of bioprinted objects.

[Nonsuicidal self-injury in connection with the axes Structure and Relationship of the OPD-KJ-2 (Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics in Childhood and Adolescence)]. / Nichtsuizidale Selbstverletzung im Zusammenhang mit den Achsen Struktur und Beziehung nach der OPD-KJ-2.

Nonsuicidal self-injury in connection with the axes Structure and Relationship of the OPD-KJ-2 (Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics in Childhood and Adolescence) Abstract. This study investigates nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSV) in relation to psychological structure as well as inter- and intrapersonal relationships. The Structure and Relationship axes of the OPD-CA-2 (Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis in Childhood and Adolescence) were used to record relationship dynamics and structural aspects; the MOUSI was applied for nonsuicidal self-injury. The sample included 40 adolescent psychiatric patients, most of whom were in inpatient care. A total of 20 adolescents with and 20 without NSSV were compared with regard to the Structure and Relationship axes. The two samples showed no differences on the Structure axis, whereas differences were found on the Relationship axis. Adolescents with NSSV, for example, were more likely to gently influence others and to react in interactive settings more openly toward their counterpart than adolescents without NSSV. In their relationship to themselves, the adolescents with NSSV were more often assessed as tormented and reproachful. Results indicate that the Relationship axis of the OPD-CA-2 can provide helpful information, so that this should be considered in psychotherapeutic measures for NSSV patients.