Two new species and two new records of the genus Tenuibaetis Kang & Yang, 1994 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Indian Himalaya.

As part of ongoing exploration of the mayflies of streams and rivers of Indian Himalayan regions, we describe two new species of the genus Tenuibaetis based on recently collected materials from Western Himalaya viz., Tenuibaetis himani Kubendran, Vasanth & Subramanian sp. nov. and Tenuibaetis kangi Kubendran, Vasanth & Subramanian sp. nov. Additionally, two new records from Eastern Himalaya viz., T. arduus (Kang & Yang, 1994) and T. inornatus (Kang & Yang, 1994) are presented. The biological notes of the stream/rivers are appended. A key to the known Indian species of the genus Tenuibaetis and a distribution maps are provided.

Contribution to the study of Epeorus Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from India.

Seven species of the genus Epeorus Eaton, 1881 are described so far from India of which redescription is attempted herein for 3 species viz. E. (C.) psi Eaton 1883, E. (E.) gilliesi Braasch 1981, E. (E.) petersi Sivaruban, Venkataraman Sivaramakrishnan 2013 based on the fresh collections. Four species viz., E. (E.) aculeatus Braasch 1990, E. (E.) bifurcatus Braasch Soldán 1979, E. (E.) unicornutus Braasch 2006 and E. (E.) unispinosus Braasch 1980 are new records to this country. Totally, 11 species of the genus Epeorus from India are dealt with herein of which six belongs to the subgenus Epeorus viz. E. (E.) aculeatus Braasch 1990, E. (E.) bifurcatus Braasch Soldán 1979, E. (E.) gilliesi Braasch, 1981 and E. (E.) petersi Sivaruban, Venkataraman Sivaramakrishnan 2013, E. (E.) unispinosus Braasch 1980, E. (E.) unicornutus Braasch 2006 and four to the subgenus Caucasiron viz., E. (C.) kapurkripalanorum Braasch 1983, E. (C.) papillatus Braasch, 2006a, E. (C.) psi Eaton 1883 which larva is described in details for the first time and E. (C.) suspicatus Braasch, 2006b . The subgeneric status of E. lahaulensis Kapur Kripalani 1963 cannot be fixed due to non-availability of larval description. A dichotomous key to the larvae of available species in India is presented. Distribution of subgenera and species within India is discussed.

Overview of Indian Hyrtanellini (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with new species and records from related regions.

The Hyrtanellini (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae: Ephemerellinae) from India and related regions are reviewed, including three new species viz., Serratella palatovi Martynov, Selvakumar Jacobus, sp. nov., Torleya simbalbarensis Selvakumar, Subramanian, Martynov Jacobus, sp. nov., and Torleya dibruensis Selvakumar, Martynov Jacobus, sp. nov.; and first country records of Teloganopsis jinghongensis (Xu, You Hsu, 1984) and Hyrtanella grandipennis (Zhou, Su Gui, 2000). Description of Serratella palatovi sp. nov. is based on material from Thailand, India and Nepal; Torleya simbalbarensis sp. nov. and Torleya dibruensis sp. nov. are described based on material from India. For now, the tribe Hyrtanellini in India comprises eight species from the genera Serratella Edmunds, 1959, Torleya Lestage, 1917, Teloganopsis Ulmer, 1939 and Hyrtanella Allen Edmunds, 1976. Additional records of Teloganopsis jinghongensis from Thailand, Torleya nepalica (Allen Edmunds, 1963) and Torleya coheri (Allen Edmunds, 1963) from Nepal also are provided here. All Indomalayan Hyrtanellini species are discussed to some extent.

A new species of Notacanthurus Tshernova, 1974 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from India.

A new species of Notacanthurus Tshernova, 1974 is described based on larvae from India. Notacanthurus pange Vasanth, Selvakumar Subramanian sp. nov. can be distinguished from all known species of Notacanthurus by the following combination of characters: (i) gill lamellae 5-6 with accessory lobe; (ii) dorsal surface of femora with scattered spatulate setae (iii) male genitalia having penis lobes fused, 'V' shaped apically blunt with me-dian pair of spine-like titillators subapically and mesally; (iv) labrum with anterior portion straight and laterally curved; and (v) lingua of hypopharynx apically broad and convex. The distribution map of the new species is also provided.

New record of the genus Baetiella Uéno, 1931 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from India with description of a new species and new records for five species.

A new species of the genus Baetiella is described based on larvae collected from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Baetiella subansiri Vasanth, Selvakumar Subramanian n. sp. can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: (i) gills (or gill sockets) on segments I-VI; gills I-V elongate, without tracheation, with numerous scattered pores on the surface and smooth fine simple setae along margin; gill VI reduced; (ii) posterior margin of metanotum and abdominal terga I-II each with a single posteromedian protuberance, terga III-IX each with a pair of much longer protuberances; and (iii) claw with two rows of denticles, outer row with 6-7 acute denticles increasing in length apically, inner row with 6-7 short and blunt denticles medially, subequal in length. New records of Baetiella armata Braasch, 1983, B. ausobskyi Braasch, 1983, B. imanishii Braasch, 1983, B. marginata Braasch, 1983 and B. spathae Shi Tong, 2015 from Arunachal Pradesh, India are presented based on the collection of larvae. The four species of Baetiella described by Braasch (1983) are redescribed based on freshly collected material. The Known distribution of genus Baetiella from Arunachal Pradesh, India is also provided.

A new species of rheophilic cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Brahmaputra Basin, northeast India.

A new species of the genus Garra is described from the Ranga River of the Brahmaputra basin, Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Garra magnacavus, new species, differs from its congeners in having an incipient proboscis with a transverse lobe, 15-19 rounded large pits on the snout, weakly developed non-fleshy central callous pad, and an elongate body with 42 lateral-line and 14-16 predorsal scales.

Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal.

The Cincticostella insolta complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) is reviewed based on new and historic material, as well as new field observations. Three new species are described viz., C. richardi Martynov Palatov, sp. nov. and C. ranga Selvakumar Subramanian, sp. nov. from India, and C. sivaramakrishnani Martynov Palatov, sp. nov. from Nepal. A correction of the original description and some additional distinguishing features are given for C. braaschi Jacobus McCafferty, 2008. Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971), C. braaschi and C. bifurcata Xie, Jia, Chen, Jacobus Zhou, 2009 are recorded from the Indian subregion for the first time. Summaries of known distribution data and habitat preferences, as well as larval diagnoses, are presented for all seven species of the complex.

A new species and a new record of the subgenus Dilatognathus Kluge 2012 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: genus Choroterpes Eaton, 1881) from India.

A new species belonging to the subgenus Dilatognathus of the genus Choroterpes is described based on larvae collected from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Choroterpes (Dilatognathus) nicobarensis n. sp. can be distinguished from all other species of Dilatognathus by the absence of a tusk on the maxillary apex, has ventro-apical flange and dentiseta directed distally, as in Choroterpes other than Dilatognathus. Choroterpes (Dilatognathus) nigella (Kang & Yang 1994) is newly recorded based on larvae collected in Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and West Bengal. Remarks on the evolution of the mouth apparatus of the subgenus Dilatognathus are given.

Physoschistura walongensis, a new species of loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India.

Physoschistura walongensis, new species, is described from the bank of the Lohit River (upper Brahmaputra River basin) in the eastern most part of the state Arunachal Pradesh at an altitude of 1096 m above sea level. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: an incomplete lateral line extending at least to the anal-fin origin and maximally to the tip of the adpressed anal fin, with 71-89 canal pores; a rounded suborbital flap, the posterior margin of which slightly exceeds the anterior orbital margin, occupying less orbital area; body with 11-18 irregular vertical bars on the flank, bars more irregular on the anterior portion of the body than on posterior; 1-4 bars bifurcate ventrally; 1-4 saddles along the ventrolateral side of the body; a moderately thick W-shaped basicaudal bar; a prominent axillary pelvic fin lobe; dark brown mottled markings on the head; and forked caudal fin with 9 upper + 8 lower branched rays.

Two new species of the South Asian catfish genus Pseudolaguvia from northeastern India (Teleostei: Sisoridae).

Two new species of sisorid catfish, Pseudolaguvia magna and P. jiyaensis, are described from the upper Brahmaputra River basin in Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Pseudolaguvia magna differs from its congeners by its much larger size (47.0 mm standard length vs. a maximum of 35.6 mm), by having a broader rhomboid thoracic adhesive apparatus, two pale-brown or cream patches on the mid-dorsal region across the dorsal midline: one rectangular to elliptic patch on the mid-interdorsal region, and another indistinct elliptic to irregular patch between the adipose and caudal-fins; and a small, round, pale-brown to cream spot on the lateral side of the head; and except for P. inornata, P. austrina, P. virgulata, and P. assula, in lacking pale to cream cross-bands on the body. Another syntopic new species, Pseudolaguvia jiyaensis, is distinguished from its congeners by having the thoracic adhesive apparatus almost reaching the pelvic-fin origin, and by having fewer vertebrae (25-27 vs. 28-34; except in P. tenebricosa and P. tuberculata). Details of the combination of characters differentiating each of the new species from its congeners are provided in the respective diagnoses.

Effect of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng leaf extracts on the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt: a scanning electron microscope study.

Scanning electron microscopic study revealed some remarkable adverse effects of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng leaf extract on cuticular and antennal sensilla of the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. The study appears to be the first of its kind in providing evidence on toxic property of the plant on certain agricultural pests, although the indigenous tribes of the region know the insecticidal property of the plant for a long time. The study further provides indications regarding the neurotoxic nature of the leaf extract since it has caused abnormalities in the sensory structures. The presence of prominent swellings in some sensilla and shrinkage in others suggests that the leaf extract affects different systems through different mechanisms. The possible use of the plant as a potential biopesticide against certain insect pests is discussed.