A review of the flightless genus Nanotermitodius Howden, 2003 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Rhyparini).

The genus Nanotermitodius Howden, 2003 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Rhyparini) is reviewed and a new species described. Only two species are presently known in the genus, Nanotermitodius andersoni Skelley, Smith, & Mora-Aguilar, new species, and Nanotermitodius peckorum Howden, 2003, which both occur in Oaxaca, Mexico. A key and distribution map for the species are presented.

Erotylina Curran (Coleoptera, Erotylidae, Erotylini): redescription of type species, potential species groups and diversity of color patterns.

The colorful genus Erotylina Curran was proposed to include a group of species originally described in Erotylus Fabricius but differing by the lack of three longitudinal carinae on the tibiae. The taxonomy of Erotylina is mostly based on coloration while information on mouthparts, thorax, male and female abdominal terminalia remain unknown. In addition, little is known about the factors underlying coloration in Erotylina and Erotylidae in general. Here we redescribe the type species of Erotylina, Erotylus leopardus Lacordaire providing the first descriptions of several morphological structures, and new data on its geographical distribution. Erotylus nicaraguae Crotch is proposed as new junior synonymy of E. leoparda. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: Erotylus leopardus Lacordaire, Erotylus nicaraguae Crotch and Erotylus confluens Crotch. Based on the geographical records, specimen labels, literature and online environmental databases, we show that E. leoparda includes two discrete morphs distributed across a latitudinal gradient, with intermediate and continuous variations distributed across altitudinal and temperature gradients. The present study sheds light on the taxonomy of Erotylina and provides the first clearest evidence of a relation between coloration, latitude, altitude, temperature variations and the distributional patterns of a taxon in Erotylidae.

Nomenclatural notes for some Australian Erotylinae (Coleoptera: Erotylidae).

In the subfamily Erotylinae (Coleoptera: Erotylidae), several nomenclatural concerns in the Australian fauna are corrected for upcoming publications. Spelling and attribution of the genus "Aulacochilus" is discussed and is correctly cited as Aulacocheilus Dejean, 1836. The species Episcaphula tetrastica Lea, 1921, becomes Aulacocheilus leai (Mader, 1934), new combination. Through a previous synonymy of Tritoma australiae Lea, 1922 with Hedista tricolor Weise, 1927, and the subsequent transfer of T. australiae into Spondotriplax Crotch, 1876, the genus Hedista Weise, 1927 is recognized as a synonym of Spondotriplax Crotch, 1876, new synonymy. Cosmoscaphula Heller, 1920, a subgenus of Episcaphula Crotch, 1876, is discussed. The type species, E. (C.) tamburinea Heller, 1920, was found to have two new synonyms: Episcaphula (Cosmoscaphula) clatrata Heller, 1920 and Episcaphula rufolineata Wilson, 1921. A lectotype is here designated for E. (C.) tamburinea Heller, 1920. Two genus-species combinations used in museum and internet-based lists have not been formally published. They are discussed, illustrated, and officially proposed here: Hoplepiscapha laticollis (Carter, 1908) and Neothallis bizonata (Macleay, 1887), new combinations.

New Australian Erotylinae with notes on Dacnini (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Erotylidae).

In preparation for upcoming studies, several new taxa of Australian Erotylinae (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) need to be described to make names available. New genera and species in Dacnini and Megalodacnini are described. Echinothallis banderbearella, new genus and species (Dacnini); Microdacne, new genus, with four new species (Dacnini), M. gloriousa, M. lamingtonia, M. nardia, M. styxia; and Episcaphula (Tropidoscaphula) megalodacnoides, new species (Megalodacnini). Variation of female terminalia and other characters in several genera are discussed regarding the monophyly and generic diversity of Dacnini.

Redescriptions, new synonymy, new combination and new records of Bacis Dejean, 1836 and Oligocorynus Dejean, 1876 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Erotylinae) for Colombia.

Bacis nigropictus Crotch, 1876 and Phricobacis flavomaculatus Mader, 1943 are redescribed. Redescriptions are provided with illustrations of diagnostic characters. Based upon the study of type material, Zonarius limbatus Kuhnt, 1910 is considered a new synonym of B. nigropictus. A lectotype is designated for Zonarius limbatus Kuhnt, 1910. Based on character analyses, Phricobacis flavomaculatus is here transferred to the genus Oligocorynus Dejean, 1836, becoming Oligocorynus flavomaculatus (Mader), new combination. Bacis nigropictus is newly listed for Colombia and O. flavomaculatus is considered new country record from Colombia.

An annotated catalog of the type material of Adephaga and Myxophaga (Coleoptera) deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods in Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.

The Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA) ranks in the top 10 largest Coleoptera collections in the United States of America with in excess of 1.5 million pinned beetles and significant amounts of materials in bulk collections and other unprocessed samples. The suborder Adephaga currently comprises approximately 34,000 species in 10 extant families and the suborder Myxophaga contains approximately 94 species in four extant families. The FSCA owns type material in the adephagan families Carabidae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, and Noteridae. The myxophagan holdings in the FSCA include type material from the families Hydroscaphidae and Lepiceridae. There were no holdings of type material in the suborder Archostemata at FSCA. This catalogue documents the FSCA type material for 253 species in 80 genera across the two suborders. A total of 3,528 type specimens are reported, including 60 holotypes, 36 allotypes, 3,426 paratypes, and six syntypes.

A new species of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) from central South America.

Pharaxonotha cerradensis, new species (Coleoptera: Erotylidae), is described from Bolivia and Brazil. It belongs in a complex of species from Mexico and Central America that radiated on host cycads of the genus Zamia L. (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) and is associated with Zamia boliviana (Brongniart) A. DC. (Cycadales: Zamiaceae). Pharaxonotha cerradensis is compared with other species of Pharaxonotha Reitter.

A new species of Notaepytus Skelley, 2009 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini) from Dominican amber.

Notaepytus quisqueya sp. nov. (Erotylidae: Erotylinae: Tritomini), is described here from Dominican amber and is the second amber fossil description for the family from the West Indies (Hispaniola). An emended key and a checklist to all known species of Notaepytus are presented.

Xalpirta mauryi sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini) from Southeast Brazil.

Xalpirta mauryi sp. nov. (Erotylidae: Tritomini) is described from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (in the state of Rio de Janeiro) and Campos do Jordão (in the state of São Paulo), Southeast Brazil. Xalpirta mauryi differs from other described Xalpirta in the uniformly green dorsal coloration, with a metallic sheen, and pronotum without spots or black marks. The pore on the posterior 1/3 of each pronotal edge (present in the other Xalpirta) is apparently absent in X. mauryi. We provide a detailed description of adults, including morphology of mouthparts, and male and female terminalia. Additionally, we discuss the morphological affinities of X. mauryi with other species in the genus and with species of other closely related genera within Tritomini, and provide a new geographical record for X. maderi in Southeast Brazil.

Ceratophila, a new genus of erotylid beetles (Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting male cones of the cycad Ceratozamia (Cycadales: Zamiaceae).

Ceratophila new genus (Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting male cones of the Mesoamerican cycad genus Ceratozamia Brongniart (Zamiaceae) is described for seven new species and compared to other genera of the Pharaxonothinae. Ceratophila differs from other genera of the Pharaxonothinae in many characters, most notable of which are: lateral pronotal carina thicker anteriorly in lateral view; head with supraocular and transverse occipital lines; elytra lacking a basal bead; and stridulatory files at base of head narrowly separated. Ceratophila has the male genitalia laterally compressed with a short median lobe and flagellum, similar to other Erotylidae. In comparison, the most superficially similar pharaxonothine genus Pharaxonotha Reitter has: lateral pronotal carina thin along entire length; head lacking supraocular lines, but with transverse occipital lines; elytra with distinct basal bead; stridulatory files at base of head widely separated; and unique male genitalia that are dorsoventrally flattened with a long median lobe and flagellum. Ceratophila contains two subgenera, which differ most notably in external characters and sexual dimorphism. Members of Ceratophila (Ceratophila), the nominal subgenus, have: more cylindrical bodies, pronotum evenly convex dorsally; the pronotum lacking basal longitudinal grooves on disc; metatibiae that are distinctly triangularly dilated toward apex; and no apparent external sexual dimorphism. In comparison, members of Ceratophila (Vovidesa) new subgenus have: dorsoventrally flattened bodies; the pronotum explanate (concave) along lateral margins; the pronotum with basal longitudinal grooves on disc; metatibiae weakly or not dilated toward apex; and with all tibiae in males showing strong sexual dimorphism. Four new species are described within the subgenus Ceratophila: C. (C.) chemnicki, C. (C.) gregoryi, C. (C.) picipennis, C. (C.) sanchezae; and three new species are described within the subgenus Vovidesa: C. (V.) chiapensis, C. (V.) mixeorum, C. (V.) vazquezi. Keys to genera, subgenera and species of known adults based on morphology are provided.

Review of Cycadophila Xu, Tang & Skelley (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas (Cycadaceae) in Asia, with descriptions of a new subgenus and thirteen new species.

The genus Cycadophila Xu, Tang & Skelley (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) associated with Cycas L. (Cycadacaeae) in Asia is reviewed. Strobilophila, new subgenus, with five species is described: Cycadophila (Strobilophila) assamensis new species, C. (S.) hiepi new species, C. (S.) kwaiensis new species, C. (S.) tansachai new species and C. (S.) yangi new species, all associated with Cycas. For the nominate subgenus Cycadophila eight new species are described, Cycadophila (Cycadophila) abyssa new species, C. (C.) collina new species,C. (C.) samara new species, C. (C.) convexa new species, C. (C.) cyclochasma new species, C. (C.) eurynota new species, C. (C.) papua new species, and C. (C.) torquata new species and four new generic combinations are proposed: C. (C.) vittata (Arrow) new combination, C. (C.) discimaculata (Mader) new combination, C. (C.) intermedia (Chûjô) new combination, and C. (C.) lata (Grouvelle) new combination. Only the first three listed species of the nominate subgenus have known associations with Cycas. Species are distinguished on the basis of morphology and/or by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The larva of subgenus Strobilophila is described based on individuals collected together with adults and matched with analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Keys to subgenera and species of known adults and larvae are provided.

Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia.

Asian species assigned to Pharaxonotha Reitter formed a separate clade from New World species of the genus and are distinguished on the basis of morphology and analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Cycadophila, new genus, is described based on a consideration of four Asian species in comparison with New World Pharaxonotha. This new genus includes two new species (Cycadophila debaonica new species and Cycadophila fupingensis new species) and two previously described species (Cycadophila nigra (Gorham) new combination and Cycadophila yunnanensis (Grouvelle) new combination). These latter two may represent species complexes. Lectotypes are designated for Thallis nigra Gorham and Pharaxonotha yunnanensis Grouvelle. Larvae of C. debaonica and C. fupingensis are described based on individuals collected on the cones of Cycas debaoensis Y. C. Zhong & C. J. Chen (Cycadaceae), a cycad native to Guangxi and Yunnan provinces, China.

Interactions between a sap beetle, sabal palm, scale insect, filamentous fungi and yeast, with discovery of potential antifungal compounds.

The multi-trophic relationship between insects, yeast, and filamentous fungi is reported on sabal palm (Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f.). Gut content analyses and observations of adult and larval feeding of the sap beetle Brachypeplus glaber LeConte indicate that niche partitioning of fungal food substrata occurs between adults and larvae. This is the first report of specific mycophagous niche partitioning among beetle life stages based on gut content analyses. Fungi isolated from the beetle gut of adults, larvae, and pupae include species of Fusarium Link, Cladosporium Link, and Penicillium Link, which were differentially ingested by larvae and adults; Fusarium solani and Penicillium species in larvae, whereas F. oxysoproum, F. verticillioides, and Cladosporium in adults. These data indicate the first species-level host data for Brachypeplus Erichson species. Fusarium proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg was the most commonly occurring fungal gut component, being isolated from the palm as well as gut of larvae, pupae, and adults; representing a commonly shared food resource. One species of yeast, Meyerozyma caribbica (Vaughan-Mart. et al.) Kurtzman & Suzuki (basionym = Pichia caribbica), was isolated from all life stages and is likely responsible for anti-fungal properties observed in the pupae and represents a promising source of antifungal compounds; rearing and diagnostic protocols are provided to aid biomedical researchers. Feeding and cleaning behaviors are documented using time-lapse video-micrography, and discussed in a behavioral and functional morphological context. Adults spent long periods feeding, often >1/3 of the two-hour observation period. A generic adult body posture was observed during feeding, and included substrate antennation before and after ingestion. Adult grooming behaviors were manifested in distinct antennal and tarsal cleaning mechanisms. Larval behaviors were different from adults, and larvae feeding on Fusarium fungi immediately ceased all subsequent feeding. This is the first ethogram for any adult or larval sap beetle.

Discovery of new species and country records for the North American sap beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae).

Brachypeplus habecki Cline and Skelley, sp. nov. is described from southern Texas, and Brachypeplus glaber LeConte is rediagnosed and discussed. Cyllodes thomasi Cline and Skelley, sp. nov. is described from southern Arizona, and Cyllodes biplagiatus is discussed. Habitus and genitalic photographs are provided as well as images of key diagnostic features for these species. An identification key is provided to distinguish the Brachypeplus and Cyllodes present in North America. Cryptarcha omisitoides Reitter, a previously unreported Central American nitidulid, is newly recorded from Arizona; and Carpophilus opthalmicus Murray, a previously unreported Caribbean species, is newly recorded from Florida. A discussion of Cryptarcha omisitoides and Carpophilus opthalmicus is also provided.

Morphology and life history of Brachypeplus glaber LeConte(Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), with a discussion of multiple life stage data for phylogenetic analyses.

A detailed description of the sap beetle Brachypeplus glaber LeConte (Nitidulidae) is provided, including egg, larval, pupal and adult stages. Rearing and DNA barcoding were used to confirm life stage identifications. This is the first New World Brachypeplus species for which larval and pupal descriptions are available. Characters and character states for larvae, pupae, and adults are discussed at the species and generic levels within the context of phylogenetic revisions at different hierarchical levels.

Description of two new species of Clivina Latreille (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini) from southeastern United States.

Two new species of the genus Clivina Latreille are described. One, Clivina choatei Bousquet & Skelley, belongs to the nominotypical subgenus and is known from six specimens collected in northern Florida. The species is structurally similar to Clivina myops Bousquet, known only from the holotype found in North Carolina, but differs among others by its smaller size and wider elytral striae. The second species, Clivina alabama Bousquet, belongs to the subgenus Antroforceps Barr and is known from two specimens collected in north-central Alabama. The species is structurally most similar to Clivina sasajii Ball, known only from Latimer County in Oklahoma, but differs among others in the absence of eyes and in having the pronotum and elytra proportionally wider.