Methods for the Synthesis of γ-Acetopropyl Alcohol.

The methods for the synthesis of γ-acetopropyl alcohol (APA) used for the production of vitamin B1, antimalarial drugs, and polymers are analyzed. Promising APS synthesis methods are the hydrogenation-hydration of sylvane, the hydrogenation of furfural, and syntheses based on allyl acetate, sodium acetoacetic ester, and γ-butyrolactone.

[An analysis of the structural-topographic interaction of the localization of demyelination and optic nerve lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis]. / Analiz strukturno-topograficheskogo vzaimodeistviia lokalizatsii ochagov demielinizatsii i porazheniia zritel'nogo nerva u patsientov s rasseiannym sklerozom.

AIM: To analyze the interaction between the localization of demyelination plaques and damage to the optic nerve in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-five patients (18 men and 37 women) with a confirmed diagnosis of MS were examined based on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (MRI) and the conclusion of a neurologist. Four topographic zones of localization of the visual paths were identified: the orbital part of the optic nerve, periventricular white matter, areas of the right and left thalamus, and white matter of the occipital lobe of the big hemispheres. The MRI data were compared with the results of spectral optical coherence tomography (C-OCT) of the same study. RESULTS: The greatest number of demyelination plaques is described in the periventricular white matter of the lateral ventricles, and the smallest number in the white matter of the occipital lobe of the large hemispheres. In patients with optic neuritis (ON), demyelination plaques were also detected in the projection of the orbital part of ON in 18% of cases. A comparison analysis reveals no correlation between the side of optical nerve lesion and the presence of lesions in the projection of the orbital part of ON. The predictive ability of C-OCT of focal changes in the brain in interaction with C-OCT parameters in groups with ON and partial ON atrophy due to MS is not confirmed. CONCLUSION: In all patients with MS, demyelination plaques are detected in the visual analyzer (VA) projection, even with the manifestation of the disease. In the course of MS progression, their total number increases. Localization of focal demyelination processes in MS in the projection VA and the side of the lesion do not have reliably confirmed the interaction with the parameters of the optic disc in accordance with C-OCT. A lesion of the peripheral neuron VA is identified in all patients.

Genetic differentiation of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus in the Sea of Okhotsk and in the Bering Sea.

Genetic differentiation of the Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus was studied. Samples from six regions of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea were analyzed with two mtDNA genetic markers-gene of cytochrome 1 and the control region (D-loop). Comparative analysis showed significant genetic differentiation between the two groups of samples. The first group included samples from Tauiskaya Bay and waters of Western Kamchatka. The second group consisted of the samples collected in the waters of the Iturup Island (Sea of Okhotsk), Northern Kurile Islands, Navarin region of the Bering Sea, and Anadyr Bay.

[Liver cancer: immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study].

Primary liver tumors, including 7 low-grade hepatocellular carcinomas (HC), 12 average-grade HC (including 2 mixed tumors and 2 cholangiocellular carcinomas (ChC)), obtained from 23 patients, were histologically, immunohistochemically, and electron microscopically. Certain markers were immunohistochemically studied to identify HC and ChC and differentiate liver carcinoma from metastatic tumors of the same organ.

[Circulating immune complexes in acute concussion of the brain]. / Tsirkuliruiushchie immunnye kompleksy v ostrom periode sotriaseniia golovnogo mozga u detei.

The aim of the study was to study the count of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the blood of children with acute concussion of the brain. The fact that CIC at high concentrations that can penetrate into the brain through the blood-brain barrier and cause complications as vasculitis, microangiopathy, proliferative processes in the meninges, enlarged ventricles of the brain, and atrophy of its tissue was borne in mind. The studies revealed a significant progressive CIC increase within 3 weeks. For correction of blood CIC levels, laser exposure was applied to the carotid and vertebral arteries and acupuncture points. For comparison, thymaline in age-specific doses was used. Laser radiation showed a significant fall of CIC at days 19-21, particular when applied to the acupuncture points. Thymaline did not affect blood CIC levels. Laser application to the acupuncture points in children with acute brain concussion should reduce the incidence of complications of brain injury disease.