Extracellular vesicles from GABAergic but not glutamatergic neurons protect against neurological dysfunction following cranial irradiation.

Cranial irradiation used to control brain malignancies invariably leads to progressive and debilitating declines in cognition. Clinical efforts implementing hippocampal avoidance and NMDAR antagonism, have sought to minimize dose to radiosensitive neurogenic regions while normalizing excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) tone. Results of these trials have yielded only marginal benefits to cognition, prompting current studies to evaluate the potential of systemic extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy to restore neurocognitive functionality in the irradiated brain. Here we tested the hypothesis that EVs derived from inhibitory but not excitatory neuronal cultures would prove beneficial to cognition and associated pathology. Rats subjected to a clinically relevant, fractionated cranial irradiation paradigm were given multiple injections of either GABAergic- or glutamatergic-derived EV and subjected to behavioral testing. Rats treated with GABAergic but not glutamatergic EVs showed significant improvements on hippocampal- and cortical-dependent behavioral tasks. While each treatment enhanced levels of the neurotrophic factors BDNF and GDNF, only GABAergic EVs preserved granule cell neuron dendritic spine density. Additional studies conducted with GABAergic EVs, confirmed significant benefits on amygdala-dependent behavior and modest changes in synaptic plasticity as measured by long-term potentiation. These data point to a potentially more efficacious approach for resolving radiation-induced neurological deficits, possibly through a mechanism able to restore homeostatic E/I balance.

A new widely distributed invasive alien species of Amasa ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini).

Amasa parviseta Knek & Smith, new species is described from Australia, Brazil, Uruguay, France and Spain. The species is native to Australia and appears to have spread widely in association with introduced Eucalyptus species.

Fusarium kuroshium is the primary fungal symbiont of an ambrosia beetle, Euwallacea fornicatus, and can kill mango tree in Japan.

This study identifies fungi associated with Euwallacea fornicatus and determines whether these fungal species play the role of primary symbiont. E. fornicatus adults that emerged from the branches of infested trees in Okinawa main island, Japan, were collected and used to isolate fungi. Fusarium kuroshium and Penicillium citrinum were the most dominant fungal associates of females and males, respectively. F. kuroshium was much more frequently isolated from the head, including mycangia (fungus-carrying organs), of females than any other body parts. We inoculated healthy mango saplings with F. kuroshium or F. decemcellulare, both of which were symbionts of E. fornicatus females infesting mango trees. F. kuroshium decreased leaf stomatal conductance and rate of xylem sap-conduction area and increased length and area of xylem discoloration of the saplings, thereby weakening and killing some. These results suggest that F. kuroshium, a mycangial fungus of E. fornicatus, inhibits water flow in mango trees. This study is the first to report that F. kuroshium causes wilt disease in mango trees and that it is a primary fungal symbiont of E. fornicatus.

Bradycardic Arrest in a Child with Complex Congenital Heart Disease Due to Sugammadex Administration.

The neuromuscular blocking drugs rocuronium and vecuronium are often used during general anesthesia. These drugs temporarily paralyze the patient and thus both facilitate placement of an endotracheal tube and prevent any patient movement during surgery. Reversal of neuromuscular blockade is necessary at the end of surgery to avoid postoperative weakness and adverse respiratory events in the recovery room. Neostigmine, the traditional reversal agent, may not completely restore muscle strength. Sugammadex is a reversal agent that is more effective and quicker acting than neostigmine. In adults, sugammadex administration has rarely been associated with bradycardia and cardiac arrest. In healthy children, the bradycardia that occurs after sugammadex administration is benign and does not require intervention. There is 1 case report of a 10- to 15-second bradycardic arrest after sugammadex administration to a 10-year-old child with heart disease. The present case report describes an 8-month-old child with complex congenital heart disease who experienced a 10-minute bradycardic arrest after the administration of sugammadex. Pediatric anesthesiologists should be aware that sugammadex administration to children with heart disease may cause hemodynamically significant bradycardia.

New species and newly recorded species of Anisandrus Ferrari, 1867 ambrosia beetles from Thailand (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini).

Five new species, Anisandrusmontanussp. nov., A.phithakpasp. nov., A.tanaosisp. nov., A.tritonsp. nov., and A.uniseriatussp. nov. are described from Thailand. Anisandruscarinensis (Eggers, 1923) is reported from Thailand for the first time and A.apicalis is removed from the Thai fauna. With the inclusion of the species described and recorded here, the diversity of Anisandrus is increased to 40 species, of which 11 occur in Thailand. A synoptic list and a key to the Anisandrus of Thailand are presented.

Social anxiety and MDMA-assisted therapy investigation: a novel clinical trial protocol.

Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a serious and prevalent psychiatric condition that heavily impacts social functioning and quality of life. Though efficacious treatments exist for SAD, remission rates remain elevated and a significant portion of those affected do not access effective treatment, suggesting the need for additional evidence-based treatment options. This paper presents a protocol for an open-label pilot study of MDMA-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) for social anxiety disorder. The study aims to assess preliminary treatment outcomes, feasibility and safety, and psychological and physiological processes of change in the treatment of SAD with MDMA-AT. A secondary aim includes the development of a treatment manual for MDMA-AT for SAD. Method: The outlined protocol is a randomized, open-label delayed treatment study. We will recruit 20 participants who meet criteria with moderate-to-severe social anxiety disorder (SAD) of the generalized subtype. Participants will be randomly assigned to an immediate treatment (n = 10) or delayed treatment condition (n = 10). Those in the immediate treatment condition will proceed immediately to active MDMA-AT consisting of three preparation sessions, two medicine sessions in which they receive oral doses of MDMA, and six integration sessions over approximately a 16-week period. The delayed treatment condition will receive the same intervention after a 16-week delay. Our primary outcome is SAD symptom reduction as measured by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale administered by blinded raters at post-treatment and 6 month follow up. Secondary outcomes include changes in functional impairment, feasibility and safety measures, and novel therapeutic processes of change including shame and shame-related coping, belongingness, self-concealment, and self-compassion at post-treatment. Exploratory outcomes are also discussed. Discussion: The results of this pilot trial advance the field's understanding of the acceptability and potential effectiveness of MDMA-AT for social anxiety disorder and provide an overview of relevant therapeutic mechanisms unique to SAD. We hope findings from this protocol will inform the design of subsequent larger-scale randomized controlled trials (RCT) examining the efficacy of MDMA-AT for SAD. Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, NCT05138068.

New species, taxonomic changes and newly recorded species of Webbia Hopkins, ambrosia beetles from Thailand and neighbouring countries (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini).

Four new species, Webbia aculeata Sittichaya, Smith & Beaver sp. nov., Webbia granulosa Sittichaya, Smith & Beaver sp. nov., Webbia planicauda Beaver, Sittichaya & Smith sp. nov., and Webbia spinosulcata Sittichaya, Smith & Beaver sp. nov., are described. Arixyleborus dissimilis (Eggers, 1923), and Arixyleborus orbiculatus (Eggers, 1923) are transferred to Webbia. Two new synonyms and a new combination are proposed: Webbia dissimilis (Eggers, 1923) comb. nov. (=Webbia costulatula Schedl, 1953 syn. nov.); Webbia hatanakai Browne, 1986 (=Webbia turbinata Maiti & Saha, 1986 syn. nov.). A lectotype is designated for Webbia orbiculata (Eggers, 1923) comb. res.. Three species, Webbia bituberculata (Browne, 1977), Webbia subuculae (Browne, 1962), and Webbia suturalis Browne, 1955 are recorded in Thailand for the first time. With the inclusion of the Webbia species described and recorded herein, the diversity of Webbia is increased to 41 species. A key is given to the 16 species recorded from Thailand.

BDNF Augmentation Using Riluzole Reverses Doxorubicin-Induced Decline in Cognitive Function and Neurogenesis.

Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) considerably affects the quality of life of millions of cancer survivors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to promote survival, differentiation, and maintenance of in vivo dentate neurogenesis, and chemotherapy induces a plethora of physiological and cellular alterations, including a decline in neurogenesis and increased neuroinflammation linked with cognitive impairments. In our clinical studies, breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin (Adriamycin®, ADR) experienced a significant reduction in the blood levels of BDNF that was associated with a higher risk of CRCI. Our past rodent studies in CRCI have also shown a significant reduction in dentate neurogenesis accompanied by cognitive impairment. In this study, using a female mouse model of ADR-induced cognitive decline, we tested the impact of riluzole (RZ), an orally active BDNF-enhancing medication that is FDA-approved for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ADR-treated mice receiving RZ in the drinking water for 1 month showed significant improvements in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory function (spatial recognition), fear extinction memory consolidation, and reduced anxiety-like behavior. RZ prevented chemotherapy-induced reductions of BDNF levels in the hippocampus. Importantly, RZ mitigated chemotherapy-induced loss of newly born, immature neurons, dentate neurogenesis, and neuroinflammation. In conclusion, this data provides pre-clinical evidence for a translationally feasible approach to enhance the neuroprotective effects of RZ treatment to prevent CRCI.

The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae.

The present state of knowledge of the bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan is summarised as a basis for future studies of the fauna, and its economic importance in forestry, timber production and crop tree plantations. We describe three new species of Scolytinae: Cyclorhipidion druk Smith Beaver, Euwallacea insolitus Smith Beaver, and Xylosandrus geduensis Smith Beaver. Thirty-four species of Scolytinae, and 13 species of Platypodinae are now known to occur in Bhutan, of which 14 species of Scolytinae, including the three new species, and four species of Platypodinae, are recorded for the first time. A checklist of the fauna is provided, with information on local and world distribution, host trees and biology, and taxonomy.

Capturing the mechanics of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis enables selective uptake of molecules into cells in response to changing cellular needs. It occurs through assembly of coat components around the plasma membrane that determine vesicle contents and facilitate membrane bending to form a clathrin-coated transport vesicle. In this review we discuss recent cryo-electron microscopy structures that have captured a series of events in the life cycle of a clathrin-coated vesicle. Both single particle analysis and tomography approaches have revealed details of the clathrin lattice structure itself, how AP2 may interface with clathrin within a coated vesicle and the importance of PIP2 binding for assembly of the yeast adaptors Sla2 and Ent1 on the membrane. Within cells, cryo-electron tomography of clathrin in flat lattices and high-speed AFM studies provided new insights into how clathrin morphology can adapt during CCV formation. Thus, key mechanical processes driving clathrin-mediated endocytosis have been captured through multiple techniques working in partnership.

Mesh versus non-mesh repair of groin hernias: a rapid review.

BACKGROUND: Mesh is frequently utilized intraoperatively for the repair of groin hernias. However, patients may request non-mesh hernia repairs owing to adverse events reported in other mesh procedures. To inform surgical safety, this study aimed to compare postoperative complications between mesh and non-mesh groin hernia repairs and identify other operative and patient-related risk factors associated with poor postoperative outcomes. METHODS: Ovid MEDLINE and grey literature were searched to 9 June 2021 for studies comparing mesh to non-mesh techniques for primary groin hernia repair. Outcomes of interest were postoperative complications, recurrence of hernia, pain and risk factors associated with poorer surgical outcomes. Methodological quality was appraised using the AMSTAR 2 tool. RESULTS: The systematic search returned 4268 results, which included seven systematic reviews and five registry analyses. Mesh repair techniques resulted in lower hernia recurrence rates, with no difference in chronic pain, seroma, haematoma or wound infection, compared to non-mesh techniques. Risk factors associated with increased risk of hernia recurrence were increased body mass index (BMI), positive smoking status and direct hernia. These were independent of surgical technique. Patients under 40 years of age were at increased risk of postoperative pain. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical repair of primary groin hernias using mesh achieves lower recurrence rates, with no difference in safety outcomes, compared with non-mesh repairs. Additional risk factors associated with increased recurrence include increased BMI, history of smoking and hernia subtype.

A systematic review of self-report measures of generalized shame.

OBJECTIVE: Shame is a transdiagnostic emotion of strong clinical and research interest. Yet, there is a lack of consensus on the definition and varying methods employed across self-report measures, potentially affecting our ability to accurately study shame and examine whether clinical interventions to alter shame are effective. This paper offers a systematic review of self-report measures of generalized shame. METHODS: PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science were searched. Studies were included when they were available in English and the primary aim was to evaluate measurement properties of scales or subscales designed to measure generalized shame in adults. RESULTS: Thirty-six papers examining 19 scales were identified, with measures of trait shame more common than state shame. Construct validity, internal consistency, and structural validity were relative strengths. Development and content validity studies were lacking and suffered from low methodological quality. CONCLUSIONS: All measures evaluated needed additional research to meet criteria for recommended use.

New species and new records of Amasa Lea, 1894 ambrosia beetles from Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini).

Three new species, Amasa beaveri sp. nov., Amasa cognatoi sp. nov., and Amasa macarthorum sp. nov., are described. Three species, Amasa circumcisula (Schedl, 1954), Amasa dasyura (Browne, 1950) and Amasa latetruncata (Schedl, 1942), are recorded in Thailand for the first time. A synoptic list of the Thai fauna with distributions is also provided.

One hundred eighteen taxonomic changes among Xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae).

An ongoing study of the ambrosia beetle tribe Xyleborini has resulted in numerous taxonomic changes mostly representing new generic/species combinations which remove species from the once all-encompassing Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864 to other genera based on revised taxonomic concepts. These changes are here listed. Terminalinus Hopkins, 1915 is removed from synonymy with Cyclorhipidion Hagedorn, 1912 and reinstated as a valid genus. Five species are removed from synonymy and reinstated as valid species: Amasa brevipennis (Schedl, 1971), Amasa fulgens (Schedl, 1975), Ambrosiophilus immitatrix (Schedl, 1975), Ambrosiophilus semirufus (Schedl, 1959), Microperus leprosulus (Schedl, 1936). The following 97 new or restored combinations are proposed: Ambrosiophilus bispinosulus (Schedl, 1961) comb. nov., Ambrosiophilus compressus (Lea, 1894) comb. nov., Ambrosiophilus latecompressus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Ambrosiophilus pertortuosus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., Ambrosiophilus tomicoides (Eggers, 1923) comb. nov., Ambrosiophilus tortuosus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., Euwallacea obliquecauda (Motschulsky, 1863) comb. nov., all from Ambrosiodmus Hopkins, 1915; Coptodryas decepta (Schedl, 1979) comb. nov., Microperus pusillus (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., both from Arixyleborus Hopkins, 1915; Coptodryas pseudopunctula (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., from Cnestus Sampson, 1911; Microperus abbreviatus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., Microperus amphicauda (Browne, 1986) comb. nov., Microperus borneensis (Browne, 1986) comb. nov., Microperus comptus (Sampson, 1919) comb. nov., Microperus gorontalosus (Schedl, 1939) comb. nov., Microperus pullus (Schedl, 1952) comb. nov., Microperus tenellus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Microperus vafer Schedl, 1957 comb. nov., all from Coptodryas Hopkins, 1915; Ambrosiophilus pityogenes (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Arixyleborus scapularis (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., Beaverium dihingicum (Wood, 1992) comb. nov., Beaverium rufonitidus (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov., Coptodryas brevior (Eggers) comb. nov., Terminalinus dipterocarpi Hopkins, 1915 comb. res., Terminalinus sexspinatus (Schedl, 1935) comb. nov., Terminalinus terminaliae (Hopkins, 1915) comb. res., Truncaudum leverensis (Browne, 1986) comb. nov., all from Cyclorhipidion Hagedorn, 1912; Planiculus kororensis (Wood, 1960) comb. nov., Planiculus loricatus (Schedl, 1933) comb. nov., Planiculus murudensis (Browne, 1965) comb. nov., all from Euwallacea Reitter, 1915; Terminalinus anisopterae (Browne, 1983) comb. nov., Terminalinus indigens (Schedl, 1955) comb. nov., Terminalinus macropterus (Schedl, 1935) comb. nov., Terminalinus major (Stebbing, 1909) comb. nov., Terminalinus pilifer (Eggers, 1923) comb. nov., Terminalinus posticepilosus (Schedl, 1951) comb. res., Terminalinus pseudopilifer (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Terminalinus sulcinoides (Schedl, 1974) comb. nov., all from Fortiborus Hulcr & Cognato, 2010; Microperus micrographus (Schedl, 1958) comb. nov., Microperus truncatipennis (Schedl, 1961) comb. nov., both from Xyleborinus Reitter, 1913; Ambrosiophilus immitatrix (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov., Ambrosiophilus semirufus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Arixyleborus crenulatus (Eggers, 1920) comb. nov., Arixyleborus strombosiopsis (Schedl, 1957) comb. nov., Beaverium batoensis (Eggers, 1923) comb. nov., Beaverium calvus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., Beaverium obstipus (Schedl, 1935) comb. nov., Beaverium rufus (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov., Coptodryas cuneola (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion amanicum (Hagedorn, 1910) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion impar (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion inaequale (Schedl, 1934) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion kajangensis (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion obiensis (Browne, 1980) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion obtusatum (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion perpunctatum (Schedl, 1971) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion repositum (Schedl) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion separandum (Schedl, 1971) comb. nov., Debus abscissus (Browne, 1974) comb. nov., Debus amplexicauda (Hagedorn, 1910) comb. nov., Debus armillatus (Schedl, 1933) comb. nov., Debus balbalanus (Eggers 1927) comb. nov., Debus blandus (Schedl, 1954) comb. nov., Debus cavatus (Browne, 1980) comb. nov., Debus cylindromorphus (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., Debus dentatus (Blandford, 1895) comb. nov., Debus excavus (Schedl, 1964) comb. nov., Debus fischeri (Hagedorn, 1908) comb. nov., Debus hatanakai (Browne, 1983) comb. nov., Debus insitivus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Debus persimilis (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., Debus subdentatus (Browne, 1974) comb. nov., Debus trispinatus (Browne, 1981) comb. nov., Diuncus taxicornis (Schedl, 1971) comb. nov., Euwallacea agathis (Browne, 1984) comb. nov., Euwallacea assimilis (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., Euwallacea bryanti (Sampson, 1919) comb. nov., Euwallacea latecarinatus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Euwallacea pseudorudis (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov., Euwallacea semipolitus (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov., Euwallacea temetiuicus (Beeson, 1935) comb. nov., Immanus duploarmatus (Browne, 1962) comb. nov., Leptoxyleborus sublinearis (Eggers, 1940) comb. nov., Peridryocoetes pinguis (Browne, 1983) (Dryocoetini) comb. nov., Stictodex halli (Schedl, 1954) comb. nov., Stictodex rimulosus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Terminalinus granurum (Browne, 1980) comb. nov., Terminalinus indonesianus (Browne, 1984) comb. nov., Terminalinus moluccanus (Browne, 1985) comb. nov., Terminalinus pseudomajor (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov., Terminalinus sublongus (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., Terminalinus takeharai (Browne) comb. nov., Terminalinus xanthophyllus (Schedl, 1942) comb. res., Tricosa abberrans (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Xenoxylebora truncatula (Schedl, 1957) comb. nov., Xyleborinus figuratus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Xylosandrus cancellatus (Eggers, 1936) comb. nov., all from Xyleborus. Fifteen new synonyms are proposed: Anisandrus ursulus (Eggers, 1923)(= Xyleborus lativentris Schedl, 1942 syn. nov.); Cyclorhipidion amanicus (Hagedorn, 1910)(= Xyleborus jongaensis Schedl, 1941 syn. nov.); Cyclorhipidion bodoanum (Reitter, 1913) (= Xyleborus takinoyensis Murayama, 1953 syn. nov.); Cyclorhipidion pelliculosum (Eichhoff, 1878) (= Xyleborus okinosenensis Murayama, 1961 syn. nov.); Cyclorhipidion repositum (Schedl, 1942) (= Xyleborus pruinosulus Browne, 1979 syn. nov.); Debus persimilis (Eggers, 1927) (= Xyleborus subdolosus Schedl, 1942c syn. nov.); Debus robustipennis (Schedl, 1954) (= Xyleborus interponens Schedl, 1954 syn. nov.); Euwallacea destruens (Blandford, 1896) (= Xyleborus procerior Schedl, 1942 syn. nov.); Euwallacea nigrosetosus (Schedl, 1939) (= Xyleborus nigripennis Schedl, 1951 syn. nov.); Euwallacea siporanus (Hagedorn, 1910) (= Xyleborus perakensis Schedl, 1942 syn. nov.); Microperus quercicola (Eggers, 1926) (= Xyleborus semistriatus Schedl, 1971 syn. nov.); Stictodex dimidiatus (Eggers, 1927) (= Xyleborus spicatus Browne, 1986 syn. nov.); Stictodex halli (Schedl, 1954) (= Xyleborus cuspidus Schedl, 1975 syn. nov.); Terminalinus Hopkins, 1915 (= Fortiborus Hulcr & Cognato 2010 syn. nov.); Terminalinus moluccanus (Browne, 1985) (= Xyleborus teminabani Browne, 1986 syn. nov.).

New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae).

Eighteen xyleborine ambrosia beetles are described and illustrated: Anisandrus proscissus Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Vietnam), Anisandrus simplex Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Nepal), Arixyleborus belalongi Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Brunei Darussalam), Beaverium brevicaudatus Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Indonesia), Cnestus luculentus Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (India), Cyclorhipidion achlys Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Vietnam), Cyclorhipidion conidentatus Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Indonesia), Cyclorhipidion gladigerum Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Thailand), Cyclorhipidion lapilliferum Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Vietnam), Cyclorhipidion nepalense Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Nepal), Cyclorhipidion taedulum Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Vietnam), Cyclorhipidion titorum Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Vietnam), Euwallacea alastos Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Japan), Leptoxyleborus regina Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea), Tricosa hipparion Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Malaysia), Xyleborinus acanthopteron Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Thailand), Xyleborinus dumosus Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Vietnam), Xyleborinus nobuchii Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Japan). New distribution records are reported for 67 Asian species. Cyclorhipidion nemesis Smith & Cognato, described from U. S. A., is reported from Asia (China), its hypothesized native continent, for the first time. Its identity is confirmed with COI and CAD DNA within a phylogenetic analysis including other Cyclorhipidion species.

Telehealth in surgery: an umbrella review.

BACKGROUND: Telehealth use has increased worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, hands-on requirements of surgical care may have resulted in slower implementation. This umbrella review (review of systematic reviews) evaluated the perceptions, safety and implementation of telehealth services in surgery, and telehealth usage in Australia between 2020 and 2021. METHODS: PubMed was searched from 2015 to 2021 for systematic reviews evaluating real-time telehealth modalities in surgery. Outcomes of interest were patient and provider satisfaction, safety, and barriers and facilitators associated with its use. Study quality was appraised using the AMSTAR 2 tool. A working group of surgeons provided insights into the clinical relevance to telehealth in surgical practice of the evidence collated. RESULTS: From 2025 identified studies, 17 were included, which were of low to moderate risk of bias. Patient and provider satisfaction with telehealth was high. Time savings, decreased healthcare resource use and lower costs were reported as key advantages of the service. Inability to perform comprehensive examinations was noted as the primary barrier. In Australia, peak telehealth usage coincided with the introduction of temporary telehealth services and increased lockdown measures. CONCLUSIONS: Patients and providers are broadly satisfied with telehealth and its benefits. Barriers may be overcome via multidisciplinary collaboration. Telehealth may benefit surgical care long-term if implemented correctly both during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Scolytus jiulianshanensis, a new species of bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from elm in China.

A new species of bark beetle, Scolytus jiulianshanensis Zhang, Li Smith sp. nov., from Jiangxi, China is described and illustrated. This new species was collected from dead elm (Ulmus sp.) trees. A DNA barcoding sequence of this species is provided. The new species is distinguished from other Asian Scolytus species by the apical margins of ventrites 3 and 4 of the male each armed with a broad median tubercle and lacking ventral spines.

Reproductive Management of Rams and Ram Lambs during the Pre-Breeding Season in US Sheep Farms.

In sheep farms, achieving economic and productive efficiency and sustainability goals is directly related with the reproductive management of the animals. Genetically, the male contribution to the offspring is 50%, but in practical terms, there is a greater potential impact of the ram on reproductive results, because one male has the potential to affect a large group of females and therefore greatly affects the entire flock. Unfortunately, the selection of males for breeding in the US sheep industry has been traditionally conducted based on phenotypical traits, without a genetic/reproductive evaluation, and/or health assessment or records. Therefore, it is important to establish integrative management practices to select the rams and ram lambs to be used in the breeding season. Among these practices are genomic testing, a comprehensive breeding soundness evaluation and assessment of health status and records of the males before the breeding season, to detect and correct potential issues.

Multi-modal adaptor-clathrin contacts drive coated vesicle assembly.

Clathrin-coated pits are formed by the recognition of membrane and cargo by the AP2 complex and the subsequent recruitment of clathrin triskelia. A role for AP2 in coated-pit assembly beyond initial clathrin recruitment has not been explored. Clathrin binds the ß2 subunit of AP2, and several binding sites have been identified, but our structural knowledge of these interactions is incomplete and their functional importance during endocytosis is unclear. Here, we analysed the cryo-EM structure of clathrin cages assembled in the presence of ß2 hinge-appendage (ß2HA). We find that the ß2-appendage binds in at least two positions in the cage, demonstrating that multi-modal binding is a fundamental property of clathrin-AP2 interactions. In one position, ß2-appendage cross-links two adjacent terminal domains from different triskelia. Functional analysis of ß2HA-clathrin interactions reveals that endocytosis requires two clathrin interaction sites: a clathrin-box motif on the hinge and the "sandwich site" on the appendage. We propose that ß2-appendage binding to more than one triskelion is a key feature of the system and likely explains why assembly is driven by AP2.