Growth and survival of Betta splendens fed microbial aggregates from ex-situ biofloc technology (BFT).

The betta (Betta splendens) is a carnivorous ornamental species that requires live food. In this study, we evaluated the growth and survival of Betta splendens fingerlings fed ex-situ biofloc (BFT). A total of 375 fingerlings (8.3 ± 4.1 mg and 0.8 ± 0.14 cm) were distributed into 15-L plastic tanks (n=25), with five replicates for each of the following treatments: (i) exclusive live food (LF100), (ii) exclusive biofloc (BFT100), (iii) live food supplemented with biofloc (LF100-BFT100), and a reduction of 15% (iv) and 30% (v) in live food with biofloc supplementation (LF85-BFT100 and LF70-BFT100, respectively). The fish were fed newly hatched brine shrimp (Artemia spp. nauplii) and/or fresh biofloc, twice daily, over a 16-day experimental period. Dietary supplementation of Beta splendens with ex-situ BFT (LF100-BFT100, LF85-BFT100, and LF70-BFT100) resulted in a similar final weight (P>0.05) compared to exclusive brine shrimp (LF100). Regarding total length, the fish in the LF100-BFT100 group were superior to those in the LF100 group (P<0.05). The LF100 and LF100-BFT100 groups showed survival rates of 100% and 98.4%, respectively, which were not statistically different (P>0.05). For all analyzed variables, fish exclusively fed biofloc (BFT100) exhibited unfavorable performance. These results indicate that dietary ex-situ biofloc supplementation, without reducing the supply of live food, can be an interesting alternative in the rearing of Betta splendens since biofloc improves growth performance and maintains a good survival rate.

A 7-month multi-disciplinary healthy lifestyle intervention effectively improved cardiometabolic risk profile of firefighters.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of a 7-month healthy lifestyle intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) among male career military firefighters (FFs). METHODS: 49 FFs participated in a 7-month workplace multi-disciplinary healthy lifestyle intervention designed to reduce CMRF through exercise, diet, and improved sleep. Medical assessments, accelerometry, and surveys at the beginning and end determined program effectiveness. RESULTS: At the end of the intervention period, there was a significant improvement in measures of body composition and blood glucose. The prevalence of hypertension also decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The 57% of participants who fully adhered to the program had significantly greater improvements across multiple CMRF. Participants increased their physical activity and improved their diet following the intervention. CONCLUSION: This healthy lifestyle intervention was effective in changing behavior and lowering cardiometabolic risk among FFs.

Perception of learning by anatomy teachers in the COVID-19.

The discipline of anatomy is one of the pillars of training in higher education courses in health area. Since its origin, this discipline has used the traditional method as an educational strategy. Since then, the discipline has undergone changes, including other teaching methods, such as active methodologies. With the COVID-19 pandemic, declared in March 2020 and the closure of higher education institutions, the teaching of anatomy was impacted, since it was necessary to adapt the modality of face-to-face teaching to remote teaching. The present study aims to evaluate the perception of teachers regarding students' anatomy learning in relation to the types of methodologies applied in remote teaching during the pandemic. For such, a cross-sectional study was carried out, which analyzed the answers of 101 anatomy teachers. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference regarding teachers' perception of learning in relation to the type of methodology used in remote teaching during the pandemic. There was also no difference in comparing perceptions regarding the type of methodology used before and during the pandemic. Given this, these data encourage the need for reflection in the academic community and new studies with educators and students, in order to identify factors that may improve the quality of anatomy learning.

Finishing and Polishing Procedures and Glaze Application on Physical Properties of a Fine-Structure Feldspathic Ceramic.

The aim of this study was to verify the effect of finishing and polishing procedures and glaze application on biaxial strength and surface properties of milled feldspathic ceramic blocks. Forty disc-shaped samples (14 mm diameter, 1.2 mm thickness) were divided in four groups (n = 10): C (control): no finishing and polishing; FP: finishing and polishing; G: glaze; and GFP: finishing and polishing + glaze. The specimens were subject to surface gloss (glossmeter) and roughness (profilometer) tests followed by biaxial flexural strength (universal testing machine) and Vickers hardness (microhardness tester) tests. The surface morphological analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy (n = 3). Data were submitted to normality tests with Shapiro-Wilk, and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). Group C showed the lowest gloss. For the hardness test, groups C, FP, and GFP obtained the highest values without significant differences between them. Regarding the biaxial strength test, group C showed the lowest mean value. Both finishing and polishing methods (FP and GFP) showed surface properties similar or better than the control, and with higher biaxial strength.

First evidence of microplastics in freshwater from fish farms in Rondônia state, Brazil.

The main aimed of this study was to provide information on microplastics present in the freshwater of fish farm ponds. In addition, the study showes a relationship between the seasonal, spatial distribution and the amount of microplastics found. This study was conducted in 35 fish farms located in the Rondônia state, Brazil, the sample collects were carried out in the two Amazonian hydrological seasons (dry and rainy). The study was developed in a completely randomized factorial scheme 35 × 3 x 3 (35 fish farms, 3 ponds and 3 repetitions per ponds). Microplastic sampling was performed following a modified method based on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Samples of 250 mL freshwater collected, which were deionized and pre-filtered through 6.0 mm mesh granulometric sieves. The average abundances of the different hydrological seasons were compared by Student's t-test, with differences statistically significant at p < 0.05. The microplastics were morphological categorized into fibers and colors blue, red or transparent. Microplastic contamination was confirmed in freshwater of 9 fish farming, with greater abundance of blue fibers and greater quantification in the rainy season. Fish farms P3, P4 and P6 had the highest quantifications of blue fiber in the two seasons (6 and 43, 19 and 56, 11 and 88 items mL-1, respectively). Almost all fish farms had a higher abundance of microplastics in the rainy season. It is important to highlight the prominence of microplastics in the blue fiber rainy season (286 items mL-1) compared to the dry season (58 items mL-1). Fish farms P3, P4 and P6 showed a strong positive correlation between the factors distance from the nearest urban area (r = 0.94, 0.79 and 0.97, respectively) and seasonality (r = 0.98, 0.77 and 0.96, respectively). Rainfall variations influenced the abundance of microplastics, especially of blue fibers. Fish farms are supplied with fresh water by rivers or streams, so it is possible that microplastics originate outside the fish farm, perhaps they were introduced due to high soil occupation, although surface runoff (of water contaminated by sewage) caused by heavy rains the most important factor. Therefore, one factor must be considered, surface runoff and groundwater contaminated by urban, agricultural and urban effluents may have contaminated rivers and streams and then contaminated the water in the fish farm ponds.

Validation of the Brazilian version of the questionnaire for detection of sick building syndrome.

Objectives. This study aimed to perform content and construct validation of the questionnaire for detection of sick building syndrome for health-care workers in the Brazilian context; and to evaluate the length of employment in relation to the level of exposure to occupational risks that trigger occupational disease. Methods. This methodological and cross-sectional study consisted of validation of the questionnaire for detection of sick building syndrome for Brazil, and application of this to health workers. The questionnaire was validated through two axes: content and construct by contrasted groups. Results. The general index corresponded to 0.81, considering the instrument validated as to content. Fleiss' K index showed an inter-rater agreement of 68.59%, with a free margin of 0.53. Regarding the analysis by contrasted groups, there was a significant association with the two contrasted groups for time of work in the building and in the sector with some variables described as follows: age group, level of education, time of work in the position, satisfaction with the usual working hours, promotion of workers, etc. Conclusion. It is hoped that the validation of this questionnaire can contribute to a greater visibility of this pathology in the Brazilian worker's health scenario.

Conhecimento de enfemeiras sobre a criança com doença falciforme / Conocimiento de enfemeiras sobre el niño con enfermedad falciforme / Knowledge of nurses about children with sickle cell disease

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção das enfermeiras sobre a criança com doença falciforme. Método: pesquisa qualitativa Convergente-Assistencial, ocorrida em hospital público pediátrico, da qual participaram 12 enfermeiras da emergência no período de julho de 2020 a abril de 2021, após submissão ao Comitê de Ética. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram: sondagem do conhecimento por entrevista semiestruturada, grupos de convergência e observação participante. Os dados foram analisados conforme referencial da Pesquisa Convergente-Assistencial e suas fases, sendo elas concepção, instrumentalização, teorização, transferência e análise. Resultados: as enfermeiras reconheceram a doença pela principal manifestação clínica, a crise álgica, a qual foi citada como característica marcante da criança com doença falciforme. Considerações finais: as enfermeiras atuantes na emergência pediátrica conhecem alguns aspectos da doença falciforme e revelaram conhecimento incipiente sobre a fisiopatologia da doença.

Objetivo: conocer la percepción de las enfermeras sobre el niño con enfermedad falciforme. Método: Investigación cualitativa Convergente-Asistencial, ocurrida en hospital público pediátrico, de la cual participaron 12 enfermeras de la emergencia en el período de julio de 2020 a abril de 2021, tras sumisión al Comité de Ética. Las técnicas de recolección de datos fueron: sondeo del conocimiento por entrevista semiestructurada, grupos de convergencia y observación participante. Los datos fueron analizados conforme referencial de la Investigación Convergente-Asistencial y sus fases, siendo ellas concepción, instrumentalización, teorización, transferencia y análisis. Resultados: las enfermeras reconocieron la enfermedad por la principal manifestación clínica, la crisis álgica, la cual fue citada como característica distintiva del niño con enfermedad falciforme. Consideraciones finales: las enfermeras que actúan en la emergencia pediátrica conocen algunos aspectos de la enfermedad falciforme y revelaron conocimiento incipiente sobre la fisiopatología de la enfermedad.

Objective: to know the perception of nurses about the child with sickle cell disease. Method: qualitative Convergent-Care research, occurred in a public pediatric hospital, in which 12 emergency nurses participated from July 2020 to April 2021, after submission to the Ethics Committee. The data collection techniques were: survey of knowledge by semi-structured interview, convergence groups and participant observation. The data were analyzed according to the referential of the Convergent-Care Research and its phases, being them conception, instrumentalization, theorization, transfer and analysis. Results: the nurses recognized the disease by the main clinical manifestation, the pain crisis, which was cited as a striking characteristic of the child with sickle cell disease. Final considerations: the nurses working in the pediatric emergency know some aspects of sickle cell disease and revealed incipient knowledge about the pathophysiology of the disease.

Estratégias para promoção da saúde e seus impactos na qualidade de vida de adultos hipertensos: revisão integrativa / Strategies for health promotion and their impact on the quality of life of hypertensive adults: integrative review

Resumo Introdução A promoção da saúde é uma prática que qualifica o cuidado e impacta positivamente a qualidade de vida, especialmente em indivíduos com hipertensão que requerem acompanhamento por toda a vida. Objetivo O presente estudo objetivou investigar as estratégias desenvolvidas para a promoção da saúde e seus impactos na qualidade de vida de adultos hipertensos. Método Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa por meio de consulta às bases de dados Lilacs, Medline, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram incluídos artigos originais sobre práticas de promoção da saúde realizadas com adultos hipertensos, publicados nos últimos cinco anos, nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol e disponíveis na íntegra. Foram excluídas as pesquisas realizadas com grávidas, adolescentes e crianças hipertensas. Resultados Foram incluídos 12 artigos na revisão. As principais estratégias consistiram em práticas grupais, que consideraram o usuário como protagonista do cuidado. As atividades desenvolvidas se mostraram eficazes, pois promoveram a redução de níveis pressóricos, a adesão ao tratamento, a mudança no estilo de vida, a melhor percepção da qualidade de vida e o empoderamento dos adultos hipertensos. Conclusão As estratégias para a promoção da saúde são fundamentais para possibilitar aos adultos hipertensos a capacidade de analisar seu estado de saúde e tomar decisões para o planejamento e a manutenção do autocuidado.

Abstract Background Health promotion is a practice that qualifies care and positively impacts the quality of life, especially in individuals with hypertension who need lifelong monitoring. Objective This study aimed to investigate the strategies developed for health promotion and their impacts on the quality of life of hypertensive adults. Method An integrative review was carried out by consulting Lilacs, Medline, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Original articles on health promotion practices conducted with hypertensive adults, published in the last five years, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, and available in full, were included. Researches with hypertensive pregnant women, adolescents and children were excluded. Results Twelve articles were included in the review. The main strategies consisted of group community interventions, which considered the user as protagonist of care. Activities developed proved to be effective, as they promoted the reduction of blood pressure levels, as well as adherence to treatment, change in lifestyle, better perception of quality of life and empowerment of hypertensive adults. Conclusion Strategies for health promotion are essential to enable hypertensive adults to analyze their health status and make decisions for planning and maintaining self-care.

Enfrentamento do luto por perda familiar pela covid-19: estratégias de curto e longo prazo / Afrontamiento del duelo por pérdida familiar debido a covid-19: estrategias de corto y largo plazo / Coping with mourning for family loss due to covid-19: short and long-term strategies

Resumo Objetivo: conhecer as estratégias que podem auxiliar pessoas enlutadas pela morte de familiares pela covid-19 a lidarem com a perda. Metodologia: revisão narrativa realizada na plataforma PubCovid-19 por meio dos descritores "death" "bereavement", "grief" e "mourning". Foram incluídos dez artigos. Resultados: as estratégias encontradas dizem respeito à adoção de chamadas telefônicas, à gravação de áudios, à elaboração de cartas e à seleção das fotos, as quais são classificadas como imediatas e de longo prazo, focadas no cuidado com a saúde mental, a qual pode ser afetada pela depressão e pelos distúrbios psicológicos. Conclusões: urge que sejam criados programas de aconselhamento que ofereçam, aos parentes dos falecidos pela covid-19, um atendimento holístico, humanizado, contínuo, com foco na saúde mental.

Resumen Objetivo: conocer las estrategias que pueden ayudar a las personas en duelo por la muerte de miembro de la familia por la covid-19 para afrontar la pérdida. Metodología: revisión narrativa realizada en la plataforma PubCovid-19 por medio de los descriptores "death; "mourning"; "Covid-19"; "coping strategies". Se incluyeron diez artículos. Resultados: las estrategias encontradas se relacionan con la adopción de llamadas telefónicas, grabación de audios, cartas y fotos, las que se clasifican como inmediatas y a largo plazo centradas en la atención de la salud mental, la que puede ser afectada por la depresión y los trastornos psicológicos. Conclusiones: es urgente la creación de programas de asesoramiento para los familiares de los fallecidos por la covid-19, con el fin de ofrecer una atención integral, humanizada y continua, con un enfoque en la salud mental.

Abstract Objective: To explore the strategies that can help individuals mourning a family member's death from Covid-19 to cope with the loss. Method: We carried out a narrative review on the PubCovid-19 platform using the descriptors "death," "mourning," "Covid-19," and "coping strategies." Ten articles were included. Results: The strategies found are phone calls, audio recording, letters, and photos, classified as immediate and long-term. These strategies are focused on mental health, which can be adversely affected by depression and psychological disorders. Conclusions: Creating counseling programs for the relatives of those who died from Covid-19 is urgent. They must offer comprehensive, humanized, and continuous mental health care.

Atención de enfermería en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal desde la perspectiva de las enfermeras / Nursing Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from the Perspective of Nurses

Introducción: La mortalidad neonatal es alarmante en Brasil, aunque los cuidados intensivos adecuados han cambiado la situación, con énfasis en la asistencia de enfermaría. Objetivo: Evaluar la atención de enfermería en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal desde la perspectiva de las enfermeras. Métodos: Estudio de campo descriptivo, cualitativo, realizado con seis participantes enfermeras de la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital regional de Piauí, en 2019, por entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados utilizando el software IRAMUTEQ, y discutidos en base al análisis de contenido de los discursos de los participantes a la luz de la teoría de Dorothy Johnson. Resultados: Se encontró la proximidad de las enfermeras al sufrimiento del recién nacido, el vínculo establecido con la familia, el cansancio físico relacionado con la sobrecarga de horas semanales de trabajo, el estrés causado por la falta de materiales y la intensa necesidad de improvisación. Además, se observaron los contextos que caracterizan los sistemas de afiliación/dependencia, ingesta y eliminación. Por tanto, la atención de enfermería se puede ver desde la perspectiva de contemplar los sistemas con el fin de equilibrarlos, para la salud del recién nacido. Conclusión: La enfermera, dentro del alcance de las habilidades de atención brindada, experimenta en la práctica una atención dirigida a la recuperación del recién nacido, sin embargo, esta atención enfrenta desafíos relacionados con el medio ambiente y las relaciones interpersonales afectivas(AU)

Introduction: In Brazil, neonatal mortality is alarming, although adequate intensive cares have changed the situation, with emphasis on nursing care. Objective: To assess nursing care in the neonatal intensive care unit from the perspective of nurses. Methods: Descriptive and qualitative field study carried out, in 2019, with six nurses from the intensive care unit of a regional hospital in Piauí, using a semistructured interview. The data were processed and analyzed using the IRAMUTEQ software, and discussed based on the content analysis of the participants' speeches using the theory of Dorothy Johnson. Results: The nurses' proximity to newborn's suffering was found, together with the bond established with the family, the physical fatigue related to the overload of weekly working hours, the stress caused by the lack of materials, and the intense need for improvisation. In addition, the contexts that characterize affiliation/dependency, as well as the intake and elimination systems were observed. Therefore, nursing care can be viewed from the perspective of looking at systems in order to balance them, for the health of the newborn. Conclusion: The nurse, within the scope of skills of the provided care, experiences, in practice, care directed to the newborn's recovery. However, this care faces challenges related to the environment and to affective interpersonal relationships(AU)

Optical coherence tomography angiography: microvascular alterations in diabetic eyes without diabetic retinopathy / Angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica: alterações microvasculares em olhos diabéticos sem retinopatia diabética

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe microvascular changes in the maculas of individuals with type 2 diabetes observed on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images. We compared the maculas of diabetic subjects without diabetic retinopathy with those of healthy subjects and correlated the findings with the clinical profiles of diabetic subjects. Methods: One eye each of 30 patients with diabetes and 30 healthy individuals were examined. The patients with diabetes underwent funduscopy, retinography, and fluorescein angiography to rule out retinopathy. All subjects underwent optical coherence tomography angiography of a macular area (6×6 mm2), and the foveal and parafoveal vascular densities were analyzed in the superficial and deep retinal vascular plexus. The foveal and parafoveal thicknesses, foveal avascular zone of the superficial plexus, and choriocapillaris flow area were also examined. The optical coherence tomography angiography results were compared between the two study groups and correlated with the following parameters: visual acuity, time since diabetes diagnosis, glycemic control, lipid profile, and renal function of patients with diabetes. Results: A minimal increase in the choriocapillaris flow area was observed in the patients with diabetes (mean area, 22.3 ± 4.6 mm2 in controls; 22.6 ± 3.9 mm2 in patients with diabetes) (p=0.017). No significant differences were observed between other optical coherence tomography angiography parameters analyzed in the two groups. Glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly negatively correlated with the foveal vascular density of both plexuses; conversely, fasting blood glucose levels were positively correlated with the choriocapillaris flow area (p=0.034). The other clinical parameters were not correlated with the optical coherence tomography angiography findings. Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography angiography may not be the most appropriate tool for detecting preclinical changes in patients with diabetes, moreover, optical coherence tomography angiography; does not replace clinical examinations. Glycemic control should be the primary clinical parameter considered during retinopathy screening. Larger studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever alterações microvasculares na mácula em diabéticos do tipo 2 sem retinopatia diabética e pacientes saudáveis, e correlacionar achados com perfil clínico nos diabéticos. Métodos: Foram incluídos 60 olhos de 30 diabéticos e 30 pacientes saudáveis. Diabéticos realizaram fundoscopia, retinografia® (CR2; Canon Inc., New York, New York, USA) e angiografia fluoresceínica® (TRC-50DXC; Topcon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) para descartar a presença de retinopatia. Os 60 pacientes realizaram a angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica® (RTVue XR, Avanti, Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA) (área macular: 6 x 6 mm2) e foram analisados densidade vascular total, foveal e parafoveal no plexo capilar superficial e plexo capilar profundo, espessura foveal, espessura parafoveal, área da zona avascular da fóvea no plexo capilar superficial e área de fluxo da coriocapilar. Resultados da angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica foram comparados entre os 2 grupos e correlacionados com acuidade visual, tempo de diabetes, controle glicêmico, perfil lipídico e função renal nos diabéticos. Resultados: Observou-se aumento mínimo da área de fluxo da coriocapilar nos diabéticos, média das áreas foi de 22,3 ± 4,6 mm2 no grupo controle e 22,6 ± 3,9 mm2 em diabéticos (p=0,017). Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre outras variáveis da angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica analisadas nos dois grupos. Hemoglobina glicosilada e glicemia de jejum apresentaram correlação negativa estatisticamente significante com densidade vascular foveal de ambos os plexos e a glicemia de jejum se correlacionou positivamente com área de fluxo da coriocapilar (p=0,034). Outros dados clínicos avaliados não apresentaram correlação com achados da angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica. Conclusão: Resultados sugerem que a angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica pode não ser a melhor ferramenta na detecção de alterações pré-clínicas em diabéticos, não substituindo o exame clínico, e corroboram a ideia de que o controle glicêmico deve ser o principal parâmetro clínico a ser considerado na triagem da retinopatia. Estudos com amostras maiores são necessários para confirmar os achados.

Analysis of scientific production on the new coronavirus (COVID-19): a bibliometric analysis.

BACKGROUND: The pandemic of the new coronavirus has culminated in a scientific race to seek knowledge about this virus and its treatments, vaccines and preventive strategies, in order to reduce its impact on healthcare and economics worldwide. Hence, it is important to recognize the efforts of researchers who are at the forefront of investigations relating to the new coronavirus. OBJECTIVE: The present study was carried out with the aim of analyzing the world scientific production relating to COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: Exploratory and descriptive bibliometric study conducted in the city of Teresina (PI), Brazil. METHOD: ISI Web of Knowledge/Web of Science (WOS) was chosen as the database. Data-gathering was carried out in May 2020. The data analysis was performed using the HistCiteTM software, version 9.8.24, and the VOSviewer bibliometric analysis software, version 1.6.8. RESULTS: 2,625 published papers that included descriptors within the scope of this investigation were identified. These articles were published in 859 different journals that are indexed in WOS, by 9,791 authors who were linked to 3,365 research institutions, located in 105 countries. CONCLUSION: Ascertaining scientific production through a bibliometric analysis is important in order to guide researchers on what has already been produced and what is being researched, so as to be able to address gaps in knowledge through future research.

Optical coherence tomography angiography: microvascular alterations in diabetic eyes without diabetic retinopathy.

PURPOSE: To describe microvascular changes in the maculas of individuals with type 2 diabetes observed on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images. We compared the maculas of diabetic subjects without diabetic retinopathy with those of healthy subjects and correlated the findings with the clinical profiles of diabetic subjects. METHODS: One eye each of 30 patients with diabetes and 30 healthy individuals were examined. The patients with diabetes underwent funduscopy, retinography, and fluorescein angiography to rule out retinopathy. All subjects underwent optical coherence tomography angiography of a macular area (6×6 mm2), and the foveal and parafoveal vascular densities were analyzed in the superficial and deep retinal vascular plexus. The foveal and parafoveal thicknesses, foveal avascular zone of the superficial plexus, and choriocapillaris flow area were also examined. The optical coherence tomography angiography results were compared between the two study groups and correlated with the following parameters: visual acuity, time since diabetes diagnosis, glycemic control, lipid profile, and renal function of patients with diabetes. RESULTS: A minimal increase in the choriocapillaris flow area was observed in the patients with diabetes (mean area, 22.3 ± 4.6 mm2 in controls; 22.6 ± 3.9 mm2 in patients with diabetes) (p=0.017). No significant differences were observed between other optical coherence tomography angiography parameters analyzed in the two groups. Glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly negatively correlated with the foveal vascular density of both plexuses; conversely, fasting blood glucose levels were positively correlated with the choriocapillaris flow area (p=0.034). The other clinical parameters were not correlated with the optical coherence tomography angiography findings. CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography angiography may not be the most appropriate tool for detecting preclinical changes in patients with diabetes, moreover, optical coherence tomography angiography; does not replace clinical examinations. Glycemic control should be the primary clinical parameter considered during retinopathy screening. Larger studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

Analysis of scientific production on the new coronavirus (COVID-19): a bibliometric analysis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The pandemic of the new coronavirus has culminated in a scientific race to seek knowledge about this virus and its treatments, vaccines and preventive strategies, in order to reduce its impact on healthcare and economics worldwide. Hence, it is important to recognize the efforts of researchers who are at the forefront of investigations relating to the new coronavirus. OBJECTIVE: The present study was carried out with the aim of analyzing the world scientific production relating to COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: Exploratory and descriptive bibliometric study conducted in the city of Teresina (PI), Brazil. METHOD: ISI Web of Knowledge/Web of Science (WOS) was chosen as the database. Data-gathering was carried out in May 2020. The data analysis was performed using the HistCiteTM software, version 9.8.24, and the VOSviewer bibliometric analysis software, version 1.6.8. RESULTS: 2,625 published papers that included descriptors within the scope of this investigation were identified. These articles were published in 859 different journals that are indexed in WOS, by 9,791 authors who were linked to 3,365 research institutions, located in 105 countries. CONCLUSION: Ascertaining scientific production through a bibliometric analysis is important in order to guide researchers on what has already been produced and what is being researched, so as to be able to address gaps in knowledge through future research.

Surto de conjuntivite aguda no período de 2017-2018 em Recife, Brasil / Outbreak of acute conjunctivitis in the period 2017-2018 in Recife, Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil clínico, epidemiológico e o impacto econômico do surto de conjuntivite no período 2017-2018 no município de Recife-PE. Métodos: Estudo transversal com base na análise de prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de conjuntivite, atendidos na emergência da Fundação Altino Ventura entre dezembro/2017 e março/2018. Os dados coletados incluíram manifestações oculares no exame, complicações subsequentes, manejo e dias de licença médica. Resultados: Dos 12.712 pacientes atendidos na FAV entre dezembro de 2017 e março de 2018, 6.359 (50,0%) foram diagnosticados com conjuntivite, dos quais 3.543 pacientes (55,7%) foram atendimentos únicos. A média de idade dos pacientes ao atendimento foi de 29,5 ± 14,1 anos (variação, 1-85 anos), com distribuição semelhante entre os sexos (2.288 casos [50,1%] masculino; 2.282 casos [49,9%] feminino). O diagnóstico mais comum foi conjuntivite sem pseudomembrana (5.645 casos [88,8%]). Hiperemia conjuntival (6.278 casos [98,7%]) e reação folicular (6.255 casos [98,4%]) foram os achados mais frequentes ao exame. A complicação mais frequente foi pseudomembrana (1.062 casos [16,7%]). Os colírios lubrificantes (4.308 [67,7%]) e os colírios de associação antibiótico com corticoide (2.033 [32%]) foram os mais prescritos no tratamento. A média de dias de atestado médico foi de 4,8 ± 2,9 dias (variação, 1- 47 dias) e a perda de produtividade estimada em R$1.159.329,14. Conclusão: O surto de conjuntivite em Pernambuco foi responsável por metade das consultas em um pronto-socorro oftalmológico. Surtos de conjuntivite podem causar um impacto econômico, uma vez que afeta principalmente adultos jovens em idade produtiva. As características clínicas observadas sugerem um surto de conjuntivite de etiologia viral.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical profile and economic impact of the acute conjunctivitis outbreak in the period of 2017-2018 in Recife-PE. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on the analysis of medical records of patients diagnosed with conjunctivitis at the emergency room of the Altino Ventura Foundation (FAV) between December 2017 and March 2018. The collected data included ocular manifestations at examination, subsequent complications, management, and days of sick leave. Results: Out of 12,712 patients assisted at FAV from December 2017 to March 2018, 6,359 (50.0%) were diagnosed with conjunctivitis. The mean age of patients was 29.5 ± 14.1 years (range, 01-85 years), with similar distribution between sex (2,288 50.1% male; 2,282 49.9% female). The most common diagnosis was non-pseudomembranous conjunctivitis (5,645 cases 88.8%). Conjunctival hyperemia (6,278 cases 98.7%) and follicular reaction (6,255 cases 98.4%) were the most frequent ocular findings. The most common complication was pseudomembrane in 1,062 cases (16.7%). Lubricants (4,308 67.7%) and antibiotic associated to corticosteroid eyedrops (2,033 32.0%) were the most prescribed medications. The average days of sick leave per patient was 4.8 ± 2.9 days (range, 1- 47 days) and the productivity loss estimated in R$1.159.329,14. Conclusion: The conjunctivitis outbreak in Pernambuco, Brazil was responsible for half of the consultations in an ophthalmic emergency room. Conjunctivitis outbreaks may cause an economic impact as it mostly affects young adults in their productive ages and take in average a 5-day sick leave. The clinical characteristics observed suggest an outbreak of conjunctivitis of viral etiology.

Fatty acids reveal aquaculture and drought effects on a large tropical reservoir.

Fatty acids (FAs) and their metrics have been used to detect and assess the impacts of urbanization and agriculture on aquatic ecosystems. Here, we investigated whether seston FAs are also useful to characterize and understand early-stage aquaculture impacts in a large tropical reservoir (Furnas Reservoir, SE Brazil). We tested the hypothesis that single FAs, as well as selected FA metrics in the seston fraction, are efficient markers of net-cage fish farming effects. In general, fish farming had only minor effects on standard water chemical variables, mainly small increases in ammonium, nitrate, and dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations. By increasing concentrations of several polyunsaturated FAs, early-stage fish farming improved sestonic food quality in the more oligotrophic branch of the reservoir under drought conditions. However, in general, increases in concentrations of bacterial FAs, due to fish farming, suggested organic matter (OM) subsidies from non-ingested and non-assimilated fish feed. In the more eutrophic reservoir branch, seston FA profiles suggested that fish farming caused an increase of low-quality food resources, such as cyanobacteria. Thus, background impact levels may determine the biochemical responses of tropical reservoirs to fish farming. Higher contributions of potentially sewage-derived and bacterial FAs during drought conditions, especially at reference sites of the more oligotrophic branch, suggested that drought shifted OM inputs towards anthropogenic sources, thereby overwriting land-use related differences between reservoir branches and homogenizing their environmental conditions. In conclusion, FA variables were useful to evaluate and understand environmental conditions, as well as the effects of early-stage fish farming and drought, and should be considered in impact assessments in tropical lentic ecosystems.

Efeitos psicossociais do distanciamento social durante as infecções por coronavírus: revisão integrativa / Efectos psicosociales del distanciamiento social durante las infecciones por coronavirus: revisión integradora / Psychosocial effects of social distancing during coronavirus infections: integrative review

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar na literatura os efeitos psicossociais do isolamento e do distanciamento social adotados como estratégia para prevenção e controle das infecções por coronavírus. Métodos: Revisão integrativa fundamentada no referencial teórico proposto por Whittemore e Knafl e executada em sete recursos informacionais: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, IBECS e BDENF. A amostra foi constituída por 14 estudos primários, sem delimitação temporal ou de idioma e a análise foi realizada de forma descritiva. Utilizou-se a classificação do nível de evidência para caracterização das produções. Resultados: As repercussões psicossociais decorrentes das medidas de isolamento e distanciamento social foram frequentes em diferentes países, indicando impactos negativos na saúde mental e na qualidade de vida. Os comprometimentos psicológicos foram expressos por instabilidades de humor, níveis elevados de ansiedade, situação de estresse, frustração, solidão, raiva e alteração de padrão de sono. Fatores associados à duração prolongada da medida, às possibilidades de contágio, às instabilidades econômicas, ao desconhecimento e às incertezas que permeiam a doença foram determinantes para o grau de sofrimento psíquico. Conclusão: As medidas de distanciamento e isolamento social apesar de contribuírem para o controle epidemiológico em surtos, epidemias e pandemia por coronavírus, geraram comprometimentos na saúde mental da população, em que a duração da medida, as possibilidades de contágio, o medo e as instabilidades financeiras foram determinantes para o grau de sofrimento psíquico.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar en la literatura los efectos psicosociales del aislamiento y del distanciamiento social adoptados como estrategia de prevención y control de las infecciones por coronavirus. Métodos: Revisión integradora fundamentada en el marco referencial teórico propuesto por Whittemore y Knafl y ejecutada en siete recursos informativos: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, IBECS y BDENF. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 14 estudios primarios, sin delimitación temporal ni de idioma, y el análisis se realizó de forma descriptiva. Se utilizó la clasificación del nivel de evidencia para la caracterización de las producciones. Resultados: Las repercusiones psicosociales resultantes de las medidas de aislamiento y distanciamiento social fueron frecuentes en diferentes países e indicaron impactos negativos en la salud mental y en la calidad de vida. Las consecuencias psicológicas expresadas fueron humor inestable, niveles elevados de ansiedad, situación de estrés, frustración, soledad, enojo y cambios en el patrón de sueño. Factores asociados a la duración prolongada de la medida, a las posibilidades de contagio, a la inestabilidad económica, al desconocimiento y a la incertidumbre que provoca la enfermedad fueron determinantes para el nivel de sufrimiento psíquico. Conclusión: Las medidas de distanciamiento y aislamiento social, a pesar de contribuir con el control epidemiológico en brotes, epidemias y pandemia por coronavirus, generan consecuencias en la salud mental de la población; y la duración prolongada de la medida, las posibilidades de contagio, el miedo y la inestabilidad económica fueron determinantes para el nivel de sufrimiento psíquico.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the literature regarding the psychosocial effects of isolation and social distancing measures adopted as strategy for the prevention and control of coronavirus infections. Methods: Integrative review of the literature based on the theoretical framework proposed by Whittemore and Knafl and conducted on seven databases: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, IBECS and BDENF. The sample consisted of 14 primary studies, with no time or language restriction and the analysis was descriptive. The level of evidence classification was used to characterize the studies. Results: Psychosocial repercussions of isolation and social distancing measures were frequent in different countries, with a negative impact on mental health and quality of life. Psychological impairments included mood instability, high levels of anxiety, stress, frustration, loneliness, anger and altered sleep patterns. Factors related to the prolonged duration of the measure, possibilities of contagion, economic instability, lack of knowledge and the uncertainties related to the disease were associated with psychological distress. Conclusion: Isolation and social distancing measures contribute to the epidemiological control of outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics of coronavirus; however, they compromise the population's mental health. The duration of the measure, the possibilities of contagion, fear and financial instability were determining factors for the degree of psychological distress.

Consumption of psychoactive substances by nursing workers: an integrative review / Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por parte de trabajadores de enfermería: una revisión integradora / Consumo de substâncias psicoativas por trabalhadores de enfermagem: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence available on the factors and implications related to the use of psychoactive substances by nursing workers. Method: an integrative review, which had the following as selection criteria: primary studies, published between 2008 and 2017, without language restrictions and that included aspects related to the consumption of psychoactive substances by nursing professionals. The bibliographic survey was carried out in the months of September and October 2018, in the following databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science and LILACS, BDENF and IBECS via the Virtual Health Library. Results: a total of 14 articles were analyzed, with predominance of cross-sectional (28.57%), qualitative descriptive (28.57%), and quantitative descriptive (14.28%) studies, with significant samples ranging from 12 to 33,588 nursing professionals, and with 2C level of evidence (100.00%). The synthesis of knowledge was formulated in two categories: Predisposing factors for the consumption of psychoactive substances by nursing workers; and Implications of the use of psychoactive substances in personal life and in the quality of nursing care. Conclusion: the evidence found shows that the use of psychoactive substances represented a reality present in the daily lives of nursing workers and the close relationship with the working conditions represented the main associated factor, with the work environment being the major influencer for consumption.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las evidencias científicas disponibles sobre los factores y las repercusiones relacionados al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por parte de trabajadores de Enfermería. Método: revisión integradora, con los siguientes criterios de selección: estudios primarios, publicados en el período de 2008 a 2017, sin restricción de idiomas y que contemplasen aspectos relacionados con el consumo de substancias psicoactivas por parte de profesionales de Enfermería. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en los meses de septiembre y octubre de 2018 en las siguientes bases de dados: CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science y LILACS, BDENF y IBECS a través de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Resultados: se analizaron 14 artículos, entre los que se verificó el predominio de estudios transversales (28,57%), descriptivos cualitativos (28,57%) y descriptivos cuantitativos (14,28%), con muestras significativas que variaron entre 12 y 33.588 profesionales de Enfermería, y con nivel de evidencia 2C (100,00%). La síntesis del conocimiento se formuló en dos categorías: factores que predisponen al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por parte de trabajadores de Enfermería; y Repercusiones del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en la vida personal y en la calidad de la atención de Enfermería. Conclusión: las evidencias encontradas demuestran que el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas representó una realidad presente en la rutina diaria de los trabajadores de Enfermería, y la estrecha relación con las condiciones laborales representó el principal factor asociado, puesto que el ambiente de trabajo fue el factor que más influyó para el o consumo.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre os fatores e implicações relacionados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas por trabalhadores de enfermagem. Método: revisão integrativa, que teve como critérios de seleção: estudos primários, publicados no período de 2008 a 2017, sem restrição de idiomas e que contemplassem aspectos relacionados ao consumo de substâncias psicoativas por profissionais de enfermagem. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2018, nas bases de dados: CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science e LILACS, BDENF e IBECS via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Resultados: foram analisados 14 artigos, verificando-se o predomínio de estudos transversais (28,57), descritivos qualitativos (28,57) e descritivos quantitativos (14,28), com amostras significativas, variando de 12 a 33.588 profissionais de enfermagem e com nível de evidência 2C (100,00%). A síntese do conhecimento foi formulada em duas categorias: fatores predisponentes para o consumo de substâncias psicoativas por trabalhadores de enfermagem; e Implicações do uso de substâncias psicoativas na vida pessoal e na qualidade da assistência de enfermagem. Conclusão: as evidências encontradas mostram que o uso de substâncias psicoativas representou uma realidade presente no cotidiano dos trabalhadores de enfermagem e a estreita relação com as condições laborais representou o principal fator associado, sendo o ambiente de trabalho, o grande influenciador para o consumo.

Avaliação morfo-histológica e morfo-histométrica de feridas cutâneas tratadas com Sphagneticola trilobata (L) Pruski em ratos / [Morphohistological and morphohistometric evaluation of skin wounds treated with Sphagneticola trilobata (L) Pruski in rats]

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar macro e microscopicamente a atividade cicatrizante da Sphagneticola trilobata em feridas cutâneas induzidas em ratos, a partir da aplicação de creme contendo extrato hidroalcoólico bruto de folhas da planta. A análise fitoquímica apresentou terpenos e flavonoides como compostos majoritários. Sessenta ratos foram divididos em três grupos experimentais (n=20): grupo tratado (GT), grupo controle (GC) e grupo controle absoluto (GCA). Quatro feridas excisionais de 0,8cm de diâmetro foram realizadas no dorso dos animais, tratadas diariamente e avaliadas nos tempos três, sete, 14 e 21 dias de pós-operatório (PO) quanto à contração e à avaliação macroscópica, morfo-histológica e morfo-histométrica. Macroscopicamente, não houve diferença estatística na contração das feridas entre os grupos testados. Na avaliação morfológica e na morfométrica, o GT apresentou menor concentração de células inflamatórias, maior e melhor preenchimento do tecido de granulação pelas fibras colágenas e melhor vascularização das feridas. Não houve diferença entre o GC e o GCA. Conclui-se que o creme à base do extrato hidroalcoólico bruto das folhas de Sphagneticola trilobata contribui positivamente para o processo de cicatrização das feridas em pele de ratos.(AU)

The objective of this work was to macro and microscopically evaluate the healing activity of Sphagneticola trilobata in rat-induced skin wounds by applying cream containing crude hydroalcoholic extract from plant leaves. The phytochemical analysis showed terpenes and flavonoids as major compounds. Sixty rats were divided into three experimental groups (n=20): treated group (GT), control group (CG) and absolute control group (GCA). Four 0.8cm diameter excision wounds were performed on the back of the animals, treated daily and evaluated at the three, seven, 14 and 21 postoperative days (PO) for contraction, macroscopic, morphologic and morphologic evaluation. The TG presented smaller scar area at 21 postoperative days (P<0.05). In the morphological and morphometric evaluation, the WG presented lower inflammation, greater and better filling of granulation tissue by collagen fibers and better wound vascularization. There was no difference between GC and GCA. It was concluded that the cream based on the crude hydroalcoholic extract of Sphagneticola trilobata leaves contribute positively to the healing process of the skin wounds of rats.(AU)

Transport accident mortality time trend and spatial distribution in Piauí, Brazil, 2000-2017. / Tendência temporal e distribuição espacial da mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito no Piauí, 2000-2017.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the time trend and spatial distribution of transport accident (TA) mortality in Piauí, from 2000 to 2017. METHODS: An ecological time series study was conducted using Mortality Information System (SIM) data on TA mortality among people resident in the state of Piauí, according to sex, age group and municipality. Prais-Winsten regression was used. RESULTS: 14,396 deaths were recorded. The mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants was 13.9 in 2000 and 30.6 in 2017. There was a significant increase in the TA mortality rate (annual percent change [APC] of 6.4% - 95%CI 4.3;8.7), being higher among motorcyclists (APC=14.7% - 95%CI 9.7;20.0) and among vehicle occupants (APC=15.2 - 95%CI 10.5;20.2). CONCLUSION: There was significant increase in TA mortality in Piauí, especially among motorcyclists and vehicle occupants. Actions are needed to promote road safety and to prevent road traffic deaths.