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BACKGROUND: No studies to date have evaluated the use of rigid plate fixation for emergent sternotomy in trauma patients. We evaluated our use of rigid plate fixation vs wire cerclage in patients requiring emergent sternotomy. We hypothesized there would be no difference in complications related to sternal closure between the two groups. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study to include all patients who underwent emergent sternotomy from 1/1/2018 to 1/31/2021 and survived to have their sternum closed. Outcomes in patients closed with wire cerclage group (WC) were compared to patients who underwent rigid plate fixation (RPF). RESULTS: Twenty-two patients underwent emergent sternotomy. There were 11 patients in each group. There was no significant difference in admission demographics, ISS, or admission characteristics between the two groups. Complication rates related to closure (wound infection and hardware removal) were not significantly different (WC 27% vs RPF 9%, P = .58). Neither hospital length of stay (WC: 29 days vs RPF: 13 days, P = .13), ICU length of stay (WC: 6 days vs RPF: 7 days, P = .62), nor the number of ventilator days (WC: 3 days vs RPF: 1 day, P .11) were statistically different. All patients survived to discharge. DISCUSSION: This is the first study comparing RPF and WC for sternotomy closure in the setting of trauma. We found no difference in the rate of wound related complications. This study demonstrates the feasibility of rigid plate fixation for trauma sternotomy closure and lays the foundation for future prospective studies.
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Esternotomía , Esternón , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Placas ÓseasRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The anterior stove-in chest (ASIC) is a rare form of flail chest involving bilateral rib or sternal fractures resulting in an unstable chest wall that caves into the thoracic cavity. Given ASIC has only been described in a handful of case reports, this study sought to review our institution's experience in the surgical management of ASIC injuries. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with ASIC was conducted at our level I trauma center from 1//2021 to 3//2023. Information pertaining to patient demographics, fracture pattern, operative management, and outcomes was obtained and compared across patients in the case series. RESULTS: 6 patients met inclusion criteria, all males aged 37-78 years. 5 suffered motor vehicle collisions, and 1 was a pedestrian struck by an automobile. The median injury severity score was 28. All received ORIF within 5 days of admission, most commonly for ongoing respiratory distress. Patients 2 and 4 underwent bilateral ORIF of the ribs and sternum while patients 1, 5, and 6 underwent left-sided repair. Patient 3 required ORIF of left ribs and the sternum to stabilize their injuries. 5 of 6 patients were liberated from the ventilator and survived to discharge. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates successful operative management of 6 patients with ASIC and suggests that early operative intervention with ORIF for affected segments may improve respiratory mechanics, ability to wean from the ventilator, and overall survival. Further research is needed to generate standardized guidelines for the management of this uncommon and complex thoracic injury.
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Tórax Paradójico , Fracturas Óseas , Traumatismos Torácicos , Pared Torácica , Masculino , Humanos , Tórax Paradójico/etiología , Tórax Paradójico/cirugía , Costillas , Traumatismos Torácicos/cirugía , EsternónRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The utility of chest computed tomography (CCT) is not well established in the diagnostic algorithm of adolescent blunt trauma patients. Our study's aim was to review CCT usage in the initial evaluation of adolescent blunt trauma. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed adolescent blunt trauma patients treated at our urban level 1 adult trauma center from 2015 to 2019. Our primary outcome was the rate of positive CCT findings. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: There were 288 patients that met our inclusion criteria and 153 positive CCT and 135 negative CCT. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of age, gender, and race. Those with a positive CCT were found to have a statistically significant higher ISS than the negative CCT group (20.6 ± 12.3 vs 12.3 ± 7.6; P < .01). Those with a positive CCT were more likely to have a GCS <15 (40% vs 25%), have a positive CXR (38% vs 2%), have chest pain (16% vs 7%), and have an abnormal chest exam (27% vs 7%) than those with a negative CCT (P < .01). On multivariate analysis, positive CXR (P < .05, OR = 13.96) and ISS (P < .05, OR = 3.10) were independently associated with a positive CCT. CONCLUSION: While CCT may provide valuable information, clinical exam coupled with low-ionizing radiographic imaging (i.e., CXR) may sufficiently identify chest trauma after blunt mechanisms. This shift in management can potentially reduce the risk of radiation without compromising the care of adolescent trauma patients at adult trauma centers.
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Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Traumatismos Torácicos , Heridas no Penetrantes , Adulto , Humanos , Adolescente , Centros Traumatológicos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Traumatismos Torácicos/diagnóstico por imagen , Heridas no Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Mitigation measures, including school closures, were enacted to protect the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the negative effects of mitigation measures are not fully known. Adolescents are uniquely vulnerable to policy changes since many depend on schools for physical, mental, and/or nutritional support. This study explores the statistical relationships between school closures and adolescent firearm injuries (AFI) during the pandemic. METHODS: Data were drawn from a collaborative registry of 4 trauma centers in Atlanta, GA (2 adult and 2 pediatric). Firearm injuries affecting adolescents aged 11-21 years from 1/1/2016 to 6/30/2021 were evaluated. Local economic and COVID data were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Georgia Department of Health. Linear models of AFI were created based on COVID cases, school closure, unemployment, and wage changes. RESULTS: There were 1,330 AFI at Atlanta trauma centers during the study period, 1,130 of whom resided in the 10 metro counties. A significant spike in injuries was observed during Spring 2020. A season-adjusted time series of AFI was found to be non- stationary (p = 0.60). After adjustment for unemployment, seasonal variation, wage changes, county baseline injury rate, and county-level COVID incidence, each additional day of unplanned school closure in Atlanta was associated with 0.69 (95% CI 0.34- 1.04, p < 0.001) additional AFIs across the city. CONCLUSION: AFI increased during the COVID pandemic. This rise in violence is statistically attributable in part to school closures after adjustment for COVID cases, unemployment, and seasonal variation. These findings reinforce the need to consider the direct implications on public health and adolescent safety when implementing public policy.
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COVID-19 , Armas de Fuego , Heridas por Arma de Fuego , Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Adolescente , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Pandemias , Heridas por Arma de Fuego/epidemiología , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Firearm-related injury (FRI) became the leading cause of death among children/adolescents in 2019. PURPOSE: This study sought to determine changes over time in the population of adolescents affected by FRI in Atlanta, Georgia, such that high risk cohorts could be identified. RESEARCH DESIGN: City-wide retrospective cohort review. STUDY SAMPLE: Adolescent victims (age 11-21 years of age) of FRI, defined by ICD9/10 codes, in Atlanta, Georgia. DATA ANALYSIS: Descriptive, multivariate and time series analysis. RESULTS: There were 1,453 adolescent FRI victims in this time period, predominantly Black (86%) and male (86.6%). Unintentional injury was higher among ages 11-14 years (43.1%) compared to 15-17 years (10.2%) and 18-21 years (9.3%) (P < .01). FRI affecting females increased at a rate of 8.1 injuries/year (P < .01), and unintentional injuries increased at by 7.6/year (P < .01). Mortality declined from 16% in 2016 to 7.7% in 2021. CONCLUSION: Our data provides evidence for firearm policy reform. Interventions should target prevention of intentional injury among AQ4 females and seek to reverse the trend in unintentional injuries.
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Armas de Fuego , Heridas por Arma de Fuego , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Heridas por Arma de Fuego/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Georgia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Guidelines developed by the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) exist to reserve the use of head CT for pediatric patients with a high risk of head injury. However, CTs are still being overutilized especially at adult trauma centers. The aim of our study was to review our use of head CTs in adolescent blunt trauma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients aged 11-18 who underwent head CT scans from 2016 to 2019 at our urban level 1 adult trauma center were included. Data was collected via electronic medical record and analyzed through retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Of the 285 patients requiring a head CT, 205 had a negative head CT (NHCT) and 80 patients had a positive head CT (PHCT). There was no difference in age, gender, race, and trauma mechanism between the groups. The PHCT group was found to be with a statistically significant higher likelihood of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) < 15 (65% vs 23%; P < .01), abnormal head exam (70% vs 25%; P < .01), and loss of consciousness (85% vs 54%; P < .01) compared to the NHCT group. There were 44 patients who had low risk of head injury, based on the PECARN guidelines, and received a head CT. None of the patients had a positive head CT. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that reinforcement of the PECARN guidelines should occur for ordering head CTs in adolescent blunt trauma patients. Future prospective studies are needed to validate the use of PECARN head CT guidelines in this patient population.
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Traumatismos Craneocerebrales , Heridas no Penetrantes , Niño , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Centros Traumatológicos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/terapia , Heridas no Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagen , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Servicio de Urgencia en HospitalRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Post-discharge readmission rates using modified Trauma-Specific Frailty Index (mTSFI) compared to the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) are unknown. In our pilot study, we demonstrated that mTSFI usage more accurately triages older trauma patients. In the current study, we hypothesized that adult trauma patients triaged using mTSFI would have lower readmission rates at the 30-day interval post discharge. METHODS: Retrospective review of readmission rates for 96 trauma patients ≥ 50 years old was performed. The two study groups were categorized as mTSFI-concordant and ESI-concordant. Fisher's exact test was performed. RESULTS: Mean ages for ESI and mTSFI groups were 63.8 (SD 10.6) and 65.2 (SD 10.8) years. The 30-day readmission rate was 0% (0/32) in the mTSFI group vs 11% (7/64) in the ESI group (p = 0.104). CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of mTSFI for adult trauma patients may lead to lower 30-day readmission rates compared to using ESI, despite our sample sizes being too small to demonstrate a statistically significant difference.
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Fragilidad , Adulto , Anciano , Humanos , Niño , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fragilidad/epidemiología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Readmisión del Paciente , Cuidados Posteriores , Anciano Frágil , Proyectos Piloto , Alta del Paciente , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The objective of our study is to compare the predicted hospital admission disposition based on the level of risk as determined by the modified Trauma-Specific Frailty Index (mTSFI) score with those determined by arbitrary decisions made based on the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) severity level. METHODS: We surveyed 100 trauma patients ages 50 and older, admitted to a level 1 trauma center between April 2019 and July 2019. We retrospectively reviewed the hospital admission disposition of each patient under the ESI, which was then compared to the mTSFI-predicted hospital admission disposition. The mTSFI scores were calculated by surveying each patient. Statistical analysis was performed to identify any statistical significance of concordance and discordance when comparing the mTSFI and ESI. RESULTS: The average age was 57.6 ± 4.2 years old in the non-geriatric group vs 76.3 ± 7.3 years old in the geriatric group. There was a male predominance in both groups (61% vs 69.5%). The mTSFI identified a higher percentage of triage discordance in the non-geriatric group (73%) compared to the geriatric cohort (53%) (95% difference CI, [39.6-40], P = .05). DISCUSSION: Non-geriatric patients have higher recorded rate of frailty than previously recognized and screening should begin at age 50, not 65. The mTSFI may be an effective tool to appropriately triage adult trauma patients at increased risk due to frailty and may reduce in-hospital complications.
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Fragilidad , Heridas y Lesiones , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Triaje , Proyectos Piloto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Fragilidad/diagnóstico , Mejoramiento de la Calidad , Hospitales , Centros Traumatológicos , Evaluación Geriátrica , Heridas y Lesiones/complicaciones , Heridas y Lesiones/diagnóstico , Heridas y Lesiones/terapia , Puntaje de Gravedad del TraumatismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The algorithm for evaluating adolescent patients with blunt trauma includes abdominal pelvic CT (APCT). The aim of this study is to evaluate the utility of APCT in this context. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of adolescent (11 to 18 years of age) blunt trauma patients at an urban adult level 1 trauma center from January 2015 to December 2019. The primary outcome was the prevalence of positive findings on APCT scan. Additionally, clinical risk factors concerning for intra-abdominal injury were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 546 patients evaluated for blunt trauma and the prevalence of APCT within the population was 59.3% (95% CI 54.2%-64.9%). Of the patients who received APCT, 123 (37.9%) had positive findings on APCT. Only 25 patients (7.7% of those who underwent APCT) required abdominal surgery while 40 patients (12.3%) had intraabdominal injury that did not require surgery. Risk factors were present in 100% of patients with intraabdominal injury and absent in 28.7% of patients without intraabdominal injury. Abnormal abdominal exam, abnormal FAST, positive chest x-ray and elevated transaminases were independently associated with intraabdominal injury. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that adolescent blunt trauma patients treated at our trauma center had a higher rate of APCT usage, but a comparable rate of positive findings when compared with the most recent literature. Future studies should focus on reducing the number of patients who undergo APCT despite an absence of clinical risk factors.
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Traumatismos Abdominales , Heridas no Penetrantes , Humanos , Adulto , Adolescente , Centros Traumatológicos , Traumatismos Abdominales/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos Abdominales/complicaciones , Pelvis/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Heridas no Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagen , Heridas no Penetrantes/complicaciones , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XAsunto(s)
Úlcera Péptica , Humanos , Hemorragia/complicaciones , Enfermedad Crónica , Abdomen , ArteriasRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Cervical spine computed tomography (CSCT) scans are used to evaluate cervical spine traumatic injuries; however, recent evidence demonstrates that adult trauma centers (ATCs) overutilize CSCT when evaluating adolescent patients. This leads to unnecessary radiation exposure. The aim of this study is to review a level 1 ATC's use of CSCT in the adolescent blunt trauma population. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of a level 1 ATC's trauma database. Blunt trauma patients between the ages of 11 and 18 who receive a CSCT between January 2015 to December 2019 were included. The primary outcome was the prevalence of positive findings on CSCT scans. Data were analyzed using Fischer-Exact analysis and multivariate logistic regression where appropriate. RESULTS: Three-hundred thirty-seven of 546 (61.7%) adolescent blunt trauma patients received CSCT. Of those, 68.2% (230) were male; the mean age was 16.6 ± 1.0 y old. Twenty-eight patients (8.3%) had a positive finding on CSCT. All patients with a positive CSCT failed the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization study (NEXUS) criteria while 123 patients (36.5%) with a negative CSCT met NEXUS criteria. CONCLUSIONS: CSCT was overutilized in our trauma center. There is a low positive CSCT scan rate among adolescent patients, which aligns with the current literature. All patients with positive CSCT passed NEXUS criteria suggesting that a quality improvement project focusing on the use of the NEXUS criteria to assess the risk of cervical spine injury could potentially reduce the use of CSCT scans by nearly 40%.
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Traumatismos del Cuello , Traumatismos Vertebrales , Heridas no Penetrantes , Adulto , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Niño , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Vértebras Cervicales/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Cervicales/lesiones , Traumatismos Vertebrales/diagnóstico por imagen , Heridas no Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagen , Heridas no Penetrantes/epidemiología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Centros TraumatológicosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Using rectal contrast computed tomography (CT) to identify traumatic colorectal injuries has become commonplace; however, these injuries remain relatively infrequent findings on CTs obtained for penetrating back and flank trauma. We conducted a meta-analysis to ascertain the efficacy of rectal contrast CT in identifying such injuries in victims penetrating injuries. METHODS: PubMed and Embase were queried for relevant articles between 1974 and 2022. Review articles, case studies, and non-English manuscripts were excluded. Studies without descriptive CT and operative findings were excluded. Positive scans refer to rectal contrast extravasation. Sensitivity and specificity of rectal contrast CT scans were calculated with aggregated CT findings that were cross-referenced with laparotomy findings. RESULTS: Only 8 manuscripts representing 506 patients quantified colorectal injuries and specified patients with rectal contrast extravasation. Seven patients with true colorectal injuries had no contrast extravasation on CT. There was one true positive scan. Another scan identified contrast extravasation, but laparotomy revealed no colorectal injury. Rectal contrast had sensitivity of 12.5%, specificity 99.8%, positive predictive value (PPV) 50%, negative predictive value (NPV) 99%, and a false negative rate of 88% in identifying colonic injuries. DISCUSSION: The summation of 8 manuscripts suggest that the addition of rectal contrast in identifying colonic and rectal injuries may be of limited utility given its poor sensitivity and may be unnecessary. In its absence, subtle clues such as hematomas, extraluminal air, IV-dye extravasation, and trajectory may be additional indicators of injury. Further investigations are required to demonstrate a true benefit for the addition of rectal contrast.
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Traumatismos Abdominales , Heridas Penetrantes , Humanos , Heridas Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagen , Heridas Penetrantes/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Recto/diagnóstico por imagen , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Traumatismos Abdominales/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos Abdominales/cirugía , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
In health care, second victims are traumatized clinicians involved in unanticipated or untoward patient events. Programs that address second victim syndrome are sparse and its diagnosis often goes unrecognized. Consistently, literature has identified gaps in support resources, leading to compromised patient care and provider health. This project evaluates the need for second victim resources in trauma care providers at a tertiary public level 1 trauma hospital by electronically implementing a validated second victim survey over 5 weeks. Our results illustrate that second victim syndrome is prevalent among 57.1% of trauma care providers, of which 22.9% agree that second victim syndrome results in some form of undesirable work intentions.
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Personal de Salud , Errores Médicos , Atención a la Salud , Humanos , Estrés Psicológico , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: There are limited data comparing the severity of traumatic adrenal injury (TAI) and the need for interventions, such as transfusions, hospitalization, or incidence of adrenal insufficiency (AI) and other clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the grade of TAI and the need for subsequent intervention and clinical outcomes following the injury. METHODS: After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval, our trauma registry was queried for patients with TAI between 2009 and 2017. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) examinations of the abdomen and pelvis were evaluated by a board-certified radiologist with subspecialty expertise in abdominal and trauma imaging, and adrenal injuries were classified as either low grade (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade I-III) or high grade (AAST grade IV-V). Patients without initial contrast-enhanced CT imaging and those with indeterminate imaging findings on initial CT were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 129 patients with 149 TAI were included. Eight-six patients demonstrated low-grade injuries and 43 high grade. Age, gender, and Injury Severity Score (ISS) were not statistically different between the groups. There was an increased number of major vascular injuries in the low-grade vs. high-grade group (23% vs. 5%, p < 0.01). No patient required transfusions or laparotomy for control of adrenal hemorrhage. There was no statistical difference in hospital length of stay (LOS), ventilator days, or mortality. Low-grade adrenal injuries were, however, associated with shorter ICU LOS (10 days vs. 16 days, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The need for interventions and clinical outcomes between the low-grade and high-grade groups was similar. These results suggest that, regardless of the TAI grade, treatment should be based on a holistic clinical assessment and less focused on specific interventions directed at addressing the adrenal injury.
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Traumatismos Abdominales , Heridas no Penetrantes , Traumatismos Abdominales/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos Abdominales/terapia , Humanos , Puntaje de Gravedad del Traumatismo , Tiempo de Internación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Heridas no Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagen , Heridas no Penetrantes/terapiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study sought to determine the contribution of self-inflicted injury-related deaths to local organ donation rates and analyze contributing factors. METHODS: A retrospective review of adult patients with traumatic self-inflicted injuries was performed at a Level I trauma center from 2013 to 2017. Data were obtained from the institutional trauma registry and cross-referenced with the local organ procurement organization (OPO). Referral rates were analyzed and outcomes, demographics and injury characteristics were compared between patients who underwent donation versus those who did not. RESULTS: 142 adult patients presented with traumatic self-inflicted injury, and 100 (70.4%) had referral calls made to the local OPO. These patients were predominantly male (83%), and gunshot injuries accounted for 75% of all mechanisms. Sixty-four percent had organ referrals versus tissue referrals (34%), and 17 (26.6%) of those patients went on to donate. The median number of organs procured was 4 [IQR 0-5]. In multivariate analysis, for each year increase in age, patients were less likely to have an organ referral (OR = .96 [95% CI .93-.99]; p = .0134) and less likely to undergo donation (OR = .95 [95% CI .90-.99]; p = .0308). CONCLUSIONS: Self-inflicted injury, though tragic, may provide a significant contribution to the limited organ donor registry.
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Trasplante de Órganos , Obtención de Tejidos y Órganos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Derivación y Consulta , Estudios Retrospectivos , Donantes de TejidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 infection on hospitalized trauma patients. METHODS: A retrospective review of hospitalized trauma patients at a level I trauma center was performed from March-December 2020. Data pertaining to patient demographics, presentation and hospital course was compared between COVID positive and negative trauma patients. RESULTS: There were 4,912 patients and 179 (3.64%) were COVID-19 positive. Demographics and clinical presentation did not differ significantly between those with and without concomitant COVID-19. However, COVID positive trauma patients had higher rates of acute kidney injury (p = 0.016), sepsis (p = 0.016), unplanned intubation (p = 0.002) and unplanned return to the ICU (p = 0.01). The COVID positive cohort also had longer hospital stays (p < 0.01) with no significant difference in mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of an ongoing pandemic, awareness of the complications COVID positive trauma patients are predisposed to is important for providers.
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COVID-19 , COVID-19/complicaciones , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Pandemias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Centros TraumatológicosRESUMEN
Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is an intervention originally developed to prevent and deter substance abuse. Adaptation of the SBIRT model to prevent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may potentially reduce acute stress symptoms after traumatic injury. We conducted a prospective randomized control study of adult patients admitted for gunshot wounds. Patients were randomized to intervention (INT) vs. treatment as usual (TAU) groups. INT received the newly developed SBIRT Intervention for Trauma Patients (SITP)-a 15-minute session with elements of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. SITP took place during the index hospitalization; both groups had followup at 30 and 90 days at which time a validated PTSD screening tool, PCL-5, was administered. Most of the 46 participants were young (mean age = 30.5y), male (91.3%), and black (86.9%). At three-month follow-up, SBIRT and TAU patients had similar physical healing scores but the SBIRT arm showed reductions in PTSD symptoms.
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Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Heridas por Arma de Fuego , Adulto , Intervención en la Crisis (Psiquiatría) , Humanos , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos , Derivación y Consulta , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/diagnóstico , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/etiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/prevención & control , Heridas por Arma de Fuego/complicaciones , Heridas por Arma de Fuego/terapiaRESUMEN
Risks of intimate partner violence (IPV) escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic given mitigation measures, socioeconomic hardships, and isolation concerns. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of IPV. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis for IPV incidence at a single level 1 trauma center located in the United States. IPV cases were identified by triangulation of institutional data sources. There were 4,624 traumatic injuries of which 292 (6.3%) were due to IPV. IPV-related injury admissions increased 17% in the weeks following the COVID lockdown (RR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.19). Over a quarter of victims (27.4%) were male. Compared to before COVID, victims of IPV during the pandemic were younger (p = .04); no difference in mechanism or severity of injury was found. Our results suggest an ongoing need for universal IPV screening during health emergencies to avoid missed opportunities for IPV detection and referral to support services.
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COVID-19 , Violencia de Pareja , COVID-19/epidemiología , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Femenino , Humanos , Análisis de Series de Tiempo Interrumpido , Masculino , Pandemias , Centros Traumatológicos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The role of contrast study after traumatic gastric repair, continues to be controversial. To that end, we aim to review the incidence, outcomes, and risk factors of patients undergoing contrast study after traumatic gastric repair. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of all trauma patients admitted to a level 1 trauma center that sustained gastric injuries with subsequent repair between 2011 and 2018. Demographics, surgical interventions, complications, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Statistical analysis included Chi-square/Fisher exact univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: A total of 233 patients received a gastric repair, of whom 49 (21%) had a contrast study performed. Out of 49 patients with a contrast study, one was found to have a gastric leak. Mean time to contrast study was 6.3 ± 2.7 days. There was no statistically significant difference in post-operative complications between non-contrast and contrast study groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a lack of statistical significance in clinical risk factors that would lead to obtaining a contrast study. CONCLUSION: Gastric leak after repair is rare and there is no statistically significant difference in clinical outcomes when comparing patients who underwent contrast study to those who did not. Routine contrast study after traumatic gastric repair may not be necessary and further evidence is warranted to determine the risk factors for a selective contrast study.