The relationship between sleep quality and daytime dysfunction among college students in China during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: College Students' sleep quality and daytime dysfunction have become worse since the COVID-19 outbreak, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between sleep quality and daytime dysfunction among college students during the COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) period. Methods: This research adopts the form of cluster random sampling of online questionnaires. From April 5 to 16 in 2022, questionnaires are distributed to college students in various universities in Fujian Province, China and the general information questionnaire and PSQI scale are used for investigation. SPSS26.0 was used to conduct an independent sample t-test and variance analysis on the data, multi-factorial analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis. The main outcome variables are the score of subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction. Results: During the COVID-19 period, the average PSQI score of the tested college students was 6.17 ± 3.263, and the sleep disorder rate was 29.6%, the daytime dysfunction rate was 85%. Being female, study liberal art/science/ engineering, irritable (due to limited outdoor), prolong electronic entertainment time were associated with low sleep quality (p < 0.001), and the occurrence of daytime dysfunction was higher than other groups (p < 0.001). Logistics regression analysis showed that sleep quality and daytime dysfunction were associated with gender, profession, irritable (due to limited outdoor), and prolonged electronic entertainment time (p < 0.001). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 epidemic, the sleep quality of college students was affected, and different degrees of daytime dysfunction have appeared, both are in worse condition than before the COVID-19 outbreak. Sleep quality may was inversely associated with daytime dysfunction.

A novel method for the bronchial occlusion of prolonged air leakage using customized endobronchial plugs.

Background: The management of prolonged air leakage (PAL) is a significant clinical challenge, particularly for patients who are unfit for surgical treatment. The use of endoscopic interventions with occlusive devices has been reported previously; however, local availability and cost may represent potential hurdles, especially in developing countries. In this study, we presented a conical endobronchial plug of our design and evaluated the efficacy of making use of that in the treatment of PAL as a novel method. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 23 patients with PAL who were not suitable for surgery and underwent bronchial occlusion using customized plugs. The responsible bronchi were identified by the balloon occlusion test or by end-tidal carbon dioxide detection. In each case, the plug was grasped at the knot of the tip with forceps and then inserted into the target bronchus with a flexible bronchoscope. Results: Of the 23 patients with intractable pneumothorax, 1 to 3 plugs (median =1) were successfully inserted into the affected bronchi of each patient for bronchial occlusion. Air leakage showed complete cessation in 13 patients (56.5%) and reduction in seven patients (30.4%). A total of 20 patients (87.0%) experienced successful removal of the drainage tube following plug occlusion or presented with additional pleurodesis. Complications included expectoration of the plug (n=1) and fever (n=1); no other severe complications were observed. Conclusions: Bronchial occlusion using customized endobronchial plugs appears to be an effective and simple option for the management of PAL in patients who are not suitable for surgery, especially in developing countries, as the customized plug is a cost-effective alternative.

Bronchoscopic Treatment of Giant Emphysematous Bullae with Endobronchial Silicone Plugs.

Purpose: Surgical bullectomy is the standard treatment of giant emphysematous bulla (GEB). However, bronchoscopic treatment should be considered as an alternative approach for patients who are unfit for surgical treatment. The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of endobronchial occlusion for the treatment of GEB using silicone plugs. Methods: This retrospective study recruited four patients with GEB who were unsuitable for surgery. Preoperative planning was performed using high-resolution computed tomography and a virtual bronchoscopic navigation system. Customized silicone plugs were then placed in the target airway via bronchoscopy to cause GEB regression and atelectasis. Results: All procedures were completed successfully in four patients. Three months after the procedures, compared with baseline, increases in the mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (from 1.20 L/s to 1.33 L/s), forced vital capacity (from 2.63 L to 2.90 L), diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (from 29% to 41% of the predicted value) and 6-minute walking test (from 412 m to 474 m) were observed. Additionally, the mean total lung capacity (from 6.80 L to 6.35 L), residual volume (from 3.97 L to 3.52 L), and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores (from 67 to 45) were all lower than baseline data. Conclusion: Our preliminary results demonstrated that the endobronchial placement of silicone plugs could be a low-cost, safe, and effective choice for the treatment of GEB in surgically unfit patients.

CT-guided percutaneous implantation of 125I particles in treatment of early lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: To analyze the efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided implantation of 125I radioactive particles in treatment of early lung cancer. METHODS: Six patients were analyzed, including 4 squamous cell carcinoma, 1 adenocarcinoma, and 1 small cell lung cancer. TPS software was used to calculate the therapeutic dose amount of particles implanted, and the spacing and distribution of seeds in the target area and adjacent tissues. Under the guidance of CT, 20-55 particles were implanted at each site, with the total number of radioactive particles being 226, the particle spacing being 0.5-1.0 cm, and the implantation being performed in accordance with the principle of uniform implantation. The patients were each followed up with repeated pulmonary CT scans at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months after the procedure. In accordance with the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST), the following definitions for responses were used: complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD). RESULTS: There were 2 CRs and 4 PRs one month after procedure; six patients were followed up 3 months after procedure, including 2 CRs and 4 PRs; one patient was lost in follow-up, and 5 patients were followed up 6 months after procedure, including 3 CRs and 2 PRs; five patients were followed up 12 months after procedure, including 3 CRs, 1 PR and 1 PD. The single PD patient was again given CT-guided implantation of 125I radioactive particles for the treatment of recurrent lesions. The pulmonary CT was repeated 6 months after procedure, and the response was evaluated as SD. Four patients were followed up 18 months after procedure, including 3 CRs and 1 PR; one patient was lost in follow-up and 3 patients were followed up 24 months after the procedure with the response being evaluated as CR for all of them; one patient was followed up 36 months after procedure, and the response was evaluated as PD. During the follow-up, no serious complications occurred in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary clinical observation showed that 125I radioactive particle implantation was a safe, reliable and effective therapeutic method for early lung cancer.