Camrelizumab and Apatinib Combined with Radiotherapy Is Effective in Advanced Oligometastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective: To investigate the effect of camrelizumab + apatinib combined with radiotherapy on the expression of TRIM27, SCC-Ag, and CYFRA21-1 in advanced oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with oligometastatic NSCLC who were treated at our hospital from January 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were summarized into an observation group (camrelizumab on the basis of the control group), or a control group (radiotherapy combined with oral apatinib). The disease control rate, immune function, changes in the levels of TRIM27, SCC-Ag, CYFRA21-1, and the occurrence of adverse effects were compared between the two groups. Result: There were 86 patients who met the inclusion criteria, with 53 cases in the observation group and 33 cases in the control group. There were significant differences in complete remission (CR, 25/53 vs. 10/33), partial remission (PR, 17/53 vs. 12/33), disease control (DC, 7/53 vs. 4/33), disease progression (DP, 4/53 vs. 7/33), and disease control rate (49/53 vs. 26/33) between the observation group and the control group. There was no significant difference in immune function between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ t cells, and NK cells in the observation group were higher (p=0.015, 0.035, 0.003, 0.001, respectively), while the level of CD8+ t cells was lower (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in TRIM27, SCC-Ag, or CYFRA21-1 between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05). After treatment, the observation group had lower levels of TRIM27 (p=0.035), SCC-Ag (p=0.045), and CYFRA21-1 (p=0.003). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse events between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Treatment of camrelizumab + apatinib combined with radiotherapy is effective for advanced oligometastatic NSCLC, with mild adverse effects.

Hsa_circ_0097922 promotes tamoxifen resistance and cell malignant behaviour of breast cancer cells by regulating ACTN4 expression via miR-876-3p.

An increasing number of findings have verified the critical roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in human cancers, and chemotherapy resistance is a poor prognostic factor for breast cancer (BC). This study is designed to explore the function of hsa_circ_0097922 in the tamoxifen resistance of breast cancer. Hsa_circ_0097922, microRNA-876-3p (miR-876-3p), and alpha-actinin 4 (ACTN4) level were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), and flow cytometry, wound healing and Transwell assays. Protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cleaved caspase 3, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and ACTN4 were determined using western blot assay. Using bioinformatics software, the binding between miR-876-3p and hsa_circ_0097922 or ACTN4 was predicted, followed by confirmation by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays. A xenograft tumour model in vivo analysed the biological role of hsa_circ_0097922 on BC tumour growth and drug resistance. Hsa_circ_0097922 and ACTN4 were increased, and miR-876-3p was decreased in tamoxifen resistance BC cells. Moreover, hsa_circ_0097922 knockdown can block BC cell malignant behaviour and tamoxifen resistance in vitro. Mechanically, hsa_circ_0097922 acted as a sponge of miR-876-3p to regulate ACTN4 expression. Hsa_circ_0097922 silencing increased the drug sensitivity of BC in vivo. Hsa_circ_0097922 might regulate BC cell malignant behaviour and tamoxifen resistance partly by regulating the miR-876-3p/ACTN4 axis, hinting at a promising therapeutic target for the BC treatment.

Hypoxia induction of SH2D3A triggers malignant progression of lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the most prevalent and aggressive cancer and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment is associated with poor patient survival and is a crucial characteristic of solid tumors. A subset of tumor cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), with self-renewal and differentiation capabilities simultaneously, are regarded as responsible for cancer tumorigenesis, resistance to therapeutics, and cancer relapse. Recent advances have revealed that hypoxia plays an essential role in CSCs self-replication maintenance. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of hypoxia that trigger the stemness maintenance of CSCs are still poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence showing that SH2D3A expression level was increased in lung cancer and lung CSCs, and high expression of SH2D3A was associated with the overall survival of patients with lung cancer. Mechanistically, HIF-2α, which is a key transcription factor in response to hypoxia directly binds to the SH2D3A promoter and facilitates SH2D3A expression at the transcription level. SH2D3A was found to be functionally important for lung CSC malignant behaviors such as uncontrolled self-replication and proliferation. We demonstrated that pharmacological downregulation of SH2D3A expression by AM966, a small molecule compound, efficiently induces tumor regression in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this study highlights the biological implications of SH2D3A as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in lung cancer in the future.

Comprehensive assessment of the association between XPC rs2228000 and cancer susceptibility based on 26835 cancer cases and 37069 controls.

Objectives In the present study, we examined available articles from online databases to comprehensively investigate the effect of the XPC (xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C) rs2228000 polymorphism on the risk of different types of clinical cancer. Methods We conducted a group of overall and subgroup pooling analyses after retrieving the data from four databases (updated till September 2019). The P-value of association, OR (odds ratios), and 95% CI (confidence interval) were calculated. Results We selected a total of 71 eligible studies with 26835 cancer cases and 37069 controls from the 1186 retrieved articles. There is an enhanced susceptibility for bladder cancer cases under T vs. C [P=0.004; OR (95% CI) = 1.25 (1.07, 1.45)], TT vs. CC [P=0.001; 1.68 (1.25, 2.26)], CT+TT vs. CC [P=0.016; 1.26 (1.04, 1.53)], and TT vs. CC+ CT [P=0.001; 1.49 (1.18, 1.90)] compared with negative controls. Additionally, there is an increased risk of breast cancer under T vs. C, TT vs. CC and TT vs. CC+ CT (P<0.05, OR > 1). Nevertheless, there is a decreased risk of gastric cancer cases in China under T vs. C [P=0.020; 0.92 (0.85, 0.99)], CT vs. CC [P=0.001, 0.83 (0.73, 0.93)], and CT+TT vs. CC [P=0.003, 0.84 (0.76, 0.94)]. Conclusions The TT genotype of XPC rs2228000 may be linked to an increased risk of bladder and breast cancer, whereas the CT genotype is likely to be associated with reduced susceptibility to gastric cancer in the Chinese population.

Elementary screening of lymph node metastatic-related genes in gastric cancer based on the co-expression network of messenger RNA, microRNA and long non-coding RNA.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The high mortality might be attributed to delay in detection and is closely related to lymph node metastasis. Therefore, it is of great importance to explore the mechanism of lymph node metastasis and find strategies to block GC metastasis. Messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression data and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A total of 908 differentially expressed factors with variance >0.5 including 542 genes, 42 miRNA, and 324 lncRNA were screened using significant analysis microarray algorithm, and interaction networks were constructed using these differentially expressed factors. Furthermore, we conducted functional modules analysis in the network, and found that yellow and turquoise modules could separate samples efficiently. The groups classified in the yellow and turquoise modules had a significant difference in survival time, which was verified in another independent GC mRNA dataset (GSE62254). The results suggested that differentially expressed factors in the yellow and turquoise modules may participate in lymph node metastasis of GC and could be applied as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for GC.

Elementary screening of lymph node metastatic-related genes in gastric cancer based on the co-expression network of messenger RNA, microRNA and long non-coding RNA

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The high mortality might be attributed to delay in detection and is closely related to lymph node metastasis. Therefore, it is of great importance to explore the mechanism of lymph node metastasis and find strategies to block GC metastasis. Messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression data and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A total of 908 differentially expressed factors with variance >0.5 including 542 genes, 42 miRNA, and 324 lncRNA were screened using significant analysis microarray algorithm, and interaction networks were constructed using these differentially expressed factors. Furthermore, we conducted functional modules analysis in the network, and found that yellow and turquoise modules could separate samples efficiently. The groups classified in the yellow and turquoise modules had a significant difference in survival time, which was verified in another independent GC mRNA dataset (GSE62254). The results suggested that differentially expressed factors in the yellow and turquoise modules may participate in lymph node metastasis of GC and could be applied as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for GC.

[Research on Test Method of Metallic Element Contained in Tea Based on EDXRF Technique].

As it has been certified by experimental testing that when using the energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method to analyze the metallic elements contained in the tea the energy segment of effective X-ray fluorescence photons is located between 3 and 16 keV. Accordingly the spectral correction element is targeted at the copper elements located near the energy center(8 keV). The copper elements are also used as the picketage to be the standard curve. In the energy segment of effective X-ray fluorescence photons contained in the tea 1.25 mg · kg(-1) of the average detection limit was obtained by using the spiked method to analyze four elements of copper, iron, zinc and lead. Compared with the flame atomic absorption spectrum(FAAS), the actual relative error of the tested value by EDXRF is less than 6%, and the relative standard deviation is less than 5%. The result by T test shows that p > 0.05. The conclusions are that there are no statistically significant differences between EDXRF and FAAS. The measured results gained by the two methods agree with each other. And EDXRF can be used thoroughly to test the metal contents contained in the tea. The result shows that it is feasible to test the metallic contents contained in the tea by EDXRF, and its measured result can meet the requirements of field testing and analysis.

Effect of Processing on the Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Flos Lonicerae: An NMR-based Chemometric Approach.

The processing of medicinal materials, known as Pao Zhi in traditional Chinese medicine, is a unique part of traditional Chinese medicine and has been widely used for the preparation of Chinese materia medica. It is believed that processing can alter the properties and functions of remedies, increase medical potency, and reduce toxicity and side effects. Both processed and unprocessed Flos Lonicerae (flowers of Lonicera japonica) are important drug ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine. To gain insights on the effect of processing factors (heating temperature and duration) on the change of chemical composition, nuclear magnetic resonance combined with chemometric analysis was applied to investigate the processing of F. Lonicerae. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data were analyzed by means of a heat map and principal components analysis. The results indicated that the composition changed significantly, particularly when processing at the higher temperature (210 °C). Five chemical components, viz. 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and myo-inositol, whose concentration changed significantly during the processing, were isolated and identified. The patterns for the concentration change observed from nuclear magnetic resonance analysis during the processing were confirmed and quantitatively determined by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The study demonstrated that a nuclear magnetic resonance-based chemometric approach could be a promising tool for investigation of the processing of herbal medicines in traditional Chinese medicine.